Tehnium almanah84

2. <1. ,.-.

3. cuPAftnc"
competitte eumulttple
Y& nte edueatiYe
l0lillT0Rl$i
pradld. ||tl
-nF5r.lron.
-!
Pmltu o.rarbt n dl rn l l!'{.
codlir.. d. .4jsE r rt d-tc
th . Bi,.u{q drttta @ Cir
UJC.. Dllllolo rrdtr|h $nir
m: gii-, ..thr
'..rdnl
cgnt|3lordo pr€gailrcI tln.rat'l.
lul p€nrLraoaruoaDatrl6l,ll cr-
!.lor rl cluburllortln.rutslui.ln
vlr.ra d. 14-20 ant, bat4t !l
iat6.
Fl.c!f6 concur3va !v.. doul
- iln.ll m iad .->
di.:'",li,i:'f,r.*;3:tth cal€ndrrulcomDatllonrt!Ei-
I rdloga
ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM
,.- ar

4. tlv-
^at_comit€tututjudele.n
u.'.e,, nrnoorgrnEat. d€ comi_
r€rurjudq6€n u.T.c. In cotabc
nrc cu comi.i! lu(l€toanddo lF
2. Etap! linatAp€tarA!. 0106
ni2€8zlb dat tt tocutltib tt-tn
cs|ondarutcompdl tor looniE
€drtatd€ c,c. at Lt.T_c
-t.,dap!
ltnati vo. par cioa
ors 2 rn6ri 9onku fl6c.r6 6n-
cu.!, Indltoronrdo 5€)(,
[. rNDtcal[ TEHi CE
a. P.otru co|rc||r.|rt d. t b-
trrtl. ..L
1. Concur.utdo t€tosr!flo$tA
3e organizoara ta douit orobd
- r€c6Br€ viteni
- rranlm|rorovits:i.
2. Concurcntitdnt obtioal 3!p.dinto org.nizltorurutd; aon_
- bulellnul do donttrat3:
- cttli cu |rnp€drriad62 2@
ohmi P.6vazul€cu ltoch.r .llF
- hrntPUtato.ut t!t6orettc,
ctrc, In c|uurtoro.iritunut.6t6e
rronic,tr6but. & !qion6z6 ta t.-
ttr€ $r,rPraunul rctsu ootrrt2lt.
3 6 Concunut.b ..6.!tb tr
Floc.r€ lportlv vs panblpa r!
- receplli lnut 9tr d€ ndto_
qram. fonat€ dtn grups6 dr€ s
- r6c6tlla unut !t. d. radto_
grrn. ro.mrt€di. grup! a dto 5
.-b._Coacqrautd. tr|n.m|l.l.
Fi.c6ro sporttvv! p.r ciOr t!
- rrun.mtffoa lmp d. dout
|nrnur. a unut numlr dt mri
mfie do a.mn€ dhtr-o r.dto
- rinamttor.! thD da doua
mrnut. . unut nund. ctt mal
m!r6 d. !€m.o dintr-o radto_
4 A Pontru concur.ut rb r}
c. b vn.t .. vor rslo€cta uF
merolrer6r.guti:
r, a, rffiam|ror€l radioohh]
ror!6 vr llco o ltnguradait. Ba-
orogrlmo|6vor lt Inr6oi.trer.tn
prstqbrr p€ !!ndd ma-9n6riceei
vor l| v.rrlc!t6 d. arbitrt.
Acoftid pr€vsdor€ !6 v. adrDrr
co..tpunAlor in rltudia totoatrtl
unur cohp0t6r sD€ctelizqt,
b, T€xtulInscrtilin timNr 6n-
curlului va rr€but tranacrir D6
ro.ra oficiatEd6 concoGorimiu
do rr arbitru La In&ri6r6at6xtu_
rur c|ari |l cap6i d6 fnd, s€ va
orlra dslpArliroaunut cutnr.
c. Lr lranlc.iefo! raletor .€
vor roroainumri [!ara ma d. -
Par.So vor torostortc6cutodd.
c.m€46 ll|r c.olon in rt.ri d.
3
culoera€ ro?l€. corocturit€ aDi-
rr|or 16 vor aac€rololind erctu-
d. Termtnlnd rran!cri€rea.
concrrr.nlul ltl v. Inlcrio p6 coF
Iur oh d.{pre rr.3t to ds coF
cur. num€|.,pr€numoto9t iudo_
€. ln t€xlato daio 3pr6 vortti-
crr€ !€ corutdora or9€.tdj ift,
&fl.f€. gr€tiE , 3€nna,ror.tios
ro. rn cadrut un€i grup€ sau !l
56 admti 59t gra€ti in r6mne
aD.orur6h fl€caro radioqraha.
16l€ .co nuhaf d€ or.rsl,
concurc.turv3 primt0 guirct6ta
6oro$ama Espoctivi. o ore
9oala 36 ponarlz€azdcu- S
lr. Anb€t€ prob6!€ vo. d€!|n_
tufa tr cota conrormurmdtoarc
a Ai.Iolrrm. cu r.rt. proba
co.rtr d|n .€co6i! unui 9rr do
rEorogramscL' vit€zi cr..ca_
lorr!. ll6c.re ridiogrerna .vt.d
€ rcclr. vnde dsrutad6 t hF
nur. vil€uo16 vor c16te cu
lo th Ini.e doui vitde 36 v.
ttca o pluzi ds 20 de !€cundo.
rGc..6 Incopul d€ r.droo.arn6
€lr. m.rcat d. o grupdsrac€ra
a?"a'"8'(?ib'i"ll,',:1"",:""!c6r€nu !r vr th!.ri€ D€toib a.
Transmlt.r€! prim6i fsdto"
greno !6 va tec€ ta vltora d€ 1|()
Concurontutv. urhAri in-
116.9. tren.mrt.ro9t va r€corF
trona numrt ac€t. radloorame.
co.vonabfl.p€nr.uot, Ir v'|ld6t.
c.ra m6t in..i. Ctnd vitez,
rrunlm[.r[ vr dopalt polibrt F
r€a concu16ntutul,ac€ate v5
pun. cro'onutp€ ma.d rt h c€a
har d6ptha .ar6, tara . oerasi
rocur, tl!.rp6 lnqirqt prob€i
^por
concur€.tutt9i at€q6doue
_.rorogramsatn.t: o radtoqramd
In car€e.t6 .igur ci nu rrb mli
mulr d. 5% 91661 9, o a doua
cu clrs .p€rad oqlnl un pu.c-
r.t mar marc, d.r car€ oo.i€
ma.gota un prcconrrjnlcant d6
9166[. In clzot in cars concu.
r.nrur oonltd€rdc! aro |lna din
radrograhotoad€ aigure,poat6
pr6oa .umai o sincura radlo_
s.gm.
I r..rcngroa c€tor doue r6xt.
va-ouramarhum 30 d6 minut6.
b€ |a apor o murA d6 30 d6
mrnur€,dupacaroinc.m r6c€F
tr! ctrrE dup{ acor€€Fir6qutia.
rl la |tt66
C6r6 doua r.dtog.am. ta fi€-
crr€ ProDavor fi Yoriticar6ds aF
D|rai raf p€ntru cot.6 56 v! rs_
th€ dt€ o Jnguri radiogramt
{r €f6 9t citr.), ti anum6ac66e
csra r| coniora concur6ntului 6l
m5l mar6 .um5. d6 punct€. S.
3:i'"*.icc9t'?i"ff:.utni"_ runqrs d€ vn€zata c.r€ !-,
racur r€c€plt.. !6 va acofd, un
Dl,nDrrcato.d6 v|l@e 6drt .u
116 dh vti€za rcspac vl. D6
€x6hP[r,rat8o th mulio catc
rur €lra d€ 1,6.
Din totltut punctotorDGtbI6
o€ rolrEar 16 sc€d Duncistoda_
to.lro gr.t6titor,rsrtut ounctoror
lamaso3€hhut63c cu motriDti-
carorurd6 v[6:t, rdut{nd Duirc_
r.,ur radb0rrmsi.
_ b. B.dtofnm. @ c||'t acF
|€l!r roguli cr 9i la lrs.6.
irr. ScoruttinatEt unui concL,_
r6nr rszunedin adunaroaounc_
rororoqhut. ts cer6douaiadiG
gram6 r€cootionar6.
3, Pontru aoncurlut do rre..-
m|rsro v|lo:e $ vo. rgp€cta u._
l, €. Prob€fo!€ d6.tisoa.a in-
. b. Ocuplnd tocul do r.an!mi-
l.r€, co.corcntur!o r60ilm6au!,
oup, car€, tiDD d6 dt6va .e
cund€,po.t€ trsnsmir€€6mnst6
d€ vsrillclr6 Fiscaror.dtoodnl
d6 concur! va l prec6da:Ldopro.mburur'VVVNW=. Trmoul
06 concu.! 6siocronomorretarn
monontuttrtnihit6rtr prinLrtul
rmput. dtn redtoqram.do con-
. c ln cadrut u.ot radtoOrlmo
rranrmll€,le conslded or-6atA
t.an.mrt6r€lg.ertA . !o-m;stor.
xplr E€hnebr 3au Invo.lar.a
l€|n.oto. rn c€drut un€l oruo€
l.u .l unul cuvl.r
P..tru co..ctar6aun6l or6dl
16^
^va_l'r.!m n6 !om-nalul
Envan E tmrnrmuh sE3.puncr6),dupd car6 transm[6.{
3€ vE r€rur d6 ta hc€Dututorc
*i.":!"il8il"1'll1,J,1F,!;"".D6orurs|a flocar€ r.dioOr.m6,
u.cr 16(rspaqqto&6ar Droc6F
ral d€ grqoll n€coroctatb.6n-
curcnrurva primtz.fo Duncr€.o
grq€a|e nocor€crir, a6 o€nati
z66zt cu 5 Duncta .
d. Proba d6 transmit€ro6te
lup.av€gh€alld€ 6 arb[ri. Arbl-
rrur princrp.t not s.:4 or6.tit6
n6cor6drt6.coitarti5 .i6iiii ur
mar€.c cat{at€a 9i acu.at6t6e
rr.nhit€rll, rtlibuind ti6caredb
o nou cupfln8aIntr€ 0,0 st 3.0
drn o,l rn 0,1. Nota 3 s€ Doai6
arnournumair. c&ut cindtEne
#:',i:Lfi'":1:'i,1,"i,.33i.?Jsrc, o notit cu vatoar€ac6a hai
mrcr tr o noui cu vatoar€.d
har ma.€ $ anut€€26,iaf dintro
cl|. rr6i ramaa€r€ va tace -€d.a
ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

5. rrithatic!, madi€ os v. coostilul
coollcl6nrul d€ oat|l!t6 .l
ll. Probsle .€ vo. aL.ttsur. si
coir !6 ba4 rcgulllor ud{to.rd
., hlo|ogram! cu lt€ad probr
cona6 din lrmlrnlr.rce ln rnb
d€ d,ouiminuie. unuinuma.dr
maa mrr. d€ lomn€ dlntr-o ra-
dlogram! compud dtn 50 d6
gruP. r dt€ 5 lllsrs. Daca t.xtul
obrit €!i€ In.utlcienrplntru tifr
9ul atocttl,concuronlulh .onti
nu! lrunlmlt€r.a, rclulnd i€xtul
S€ acorddun Dunctoentruun
l6mn EFECTIVaorocrtfan3mt!.
Oin totalul Dunciotoroostbtl€
cl€ rcall:arl. rcld punctotoda-
torri€ gre.lllor, r€ltut Inmuttin-
drr-r6 cu co.llcl.ntul ds cdltar.,
prodLrlurhparllndu-!6 la 2 mn-
tfu I oqin. puncrdut fln.t co-
r€lPuorAto. lrlnrmlterll m.dll
b, Frdlogfrmr cu cifr€: act
r€41 foguli oa,i b t€xtutcu |-
lll. Sco.ul lln.l at concur€ntu-
lul !r dctormint ortn adun.r.!
punct6roro inuie lt c6l6 doua
prob. do lrmlmltore vttsit,
All. oncEarl
a To.l. prob.lad€ rccoBt6Qi
o. rrunlmrtor€!o vor inr.obtra
n.gnerlc ln tnput d.lt6-uriril
lor, ln.agl!lrtr6. con!rltulnd
proba In cr.z de conr.dnB.
b. S6hnal.r6 rrdiot.t.orattc€
lolo3ll€In concurc0ri!i;r c6t.
orn ansrl fegolamontolord. .!-
d'ot6r69ran!!116odirar.d6 F.R.
c. Vlt€z!16trenrmitortt.ehna-
l.lor ln toab cazur€ stntovatu-
ele €ontorm €l.lonului Inlernr-
Rtfiqfi 3.nCtunl
l' In Imput d.tl&udrli pro-
b.ror, €!i€ inl€nk concuf6nttlor
3t collbof.ro lnlro el sau lil
produci p6rturb{it. arbtrrul
Prrncipal,co.ltatlnd .!.m€n6d
abdari,.lls lmput€rnlcit. hourt
d,olcsllllc.r€! concur..tulur vr-
novalla prob€l€l. car6e tolt In-
b. Lr probel.d6 rocopti€!t d6
Itanamiisre, llecar. cohcu16ni
ffo dr6pl0l la o 8lngt|rt tncer
A doua lncorcarc t6 poei€
.Pfobad6 catrsarbllrulprlnclDal
num.i in c6.!ullntr€ruDailii.!i&
l4lol do r6c.dlo salr c6t6t d6
nan!mll6f6,el dol€cUrliinltda-
116ld€ controlBi Inrcdl.trer..
Osr6ct.r€! dirnlouletofutul
concur€nlululnu €!!a motlv9.n-
lru reperaraa ofobai.
o. Concur€rtil car€ ln ttmoul
prob€lor d6 tranlmllar6 dov*
d6c o trenlmtt€G tolrio d6tac-
ruoaralau dep{laacbaromutd€gr€aahnocor6ciat6vorft m€d,.i
if'"lff'l,Jff::ii:'f,[.,f,i".fficrplt,
A. P.ntru cbncu?&t rta ..ttc
1. Concur.utds radtooonro-
!I'i"ufi,,-*t'""" * 4""*
2. Fl€crreooncuront6d6 oblt-
9at:
- !a or.Einloli !|!r. d6 lunc-
ilo.!r. r€c.plor(rld6 concur3l
- la loculsl,arluloi!6 pf.zinis
c€arul, bulol. !i llui6.ut (nubr
c6 va ti loloait i. caz do ur
sonl.);
- la llnla sia.tutut!6 .. Drg-
zhl6 cu uo echloamont sooriiv
In plu!, llocrr€ 3porttvDo!t6
avor a.uDr! lg| rsdiobusou.
Pi€!€ do .chimb, alim6ntaf6
6l6cirict supllmant.le,p6 carc
sa l€ poru lololl la n€vol€ ne
mar p.n!ru 6l p€ tot tlmput con-
3. In cadrul concunutut, tl€-
c5r6 sportv va ir€bot d d6!co-
poro,In tlmpul llmlu at€cratun
numar do 4 6mitatorr6 radio€toc-
Tlmpul limiti nu polto fl mri
7 ALMANAHUL TEHNIIJM
- 12 mlnutdkm pontrubdtdti
- 14 mlnutdtm D€ntrutdra.
Tlmoullimitavr ll alali te tc
cul concurlllui {ihDUl ltlb tr
€3!. rtociai unul l onEnu ln tF
ni6 dr€@tn, p€ h!r6t.
Concu|lul .€ ve d€.lt ua ln
conlofmltet€ c0 Fagutlhonr0l
otm9|onatulul roDubllcand. rF
dlogoniom.td. de arnsrort u-'
rndu-$ ln conllcl€r.rc modtfc!-
rllo lurv.nlt prtn hobrtro€ F'
dsrCbt ron|6no rt€ r!dlo!m!to-
rilm tl comunic.t€ cu .cri!o.r.a
nr, 0ao/t/1983,crpirotut[, oonc..
lol 2.4.,ri caeltolutllt. Duircioto
3.1..3.2..33- 3.4.r.
r . 8TAllLtiEA CLAAAIE T-
TULUI
A. P. ru dtor.t or[. ..t
- In(tvldd - raorut linel
a3l€ rtrbllit prln tn.umlrot
p0noi.lor d. h r€ca9 . vltei cu
c.lr do lr tranrmlta.ev[d!,
- P. ad 9. - D.niru li€clro
dlntro locufits ocup.t. d6 un
lporuv in cblamsntul indivtdusl
16aco.daun nuhArdt puncteh
tunctiod€ locll 3l numarultotrl
rl plrticlp.ntilo. la concu.s,sco-
rul p€ 6€hip tlind dlt d6 in!u-
malla Punct€rorc6lor doi con-
B. P.nlru r.dlogoittrmrl
- rfirlllltual - laoarals.lru
bdldi 3i 1.t6,
- Pa |clrlF - r6specthdu-la
prov€d€.ilspunct.tor3,5.2.a !tb
dln F€9!llm€ntut camotonrtutui
.op!bllcan d€ ndlogontom€trt€
C. Clo.|||.nlul p. Itidl. ..
3|lor14!. Dnnldunar66tocurlor
ocupab d6 schrp. lr coto doua
concur8un (rn crat.m€nt lflnd
lual6ln conalde.arslud.t.t€ cu
partlclp.r€ la amb€I. cbncirF
ln c.d?ulDrhn.lldllt .
fndal Cup.l U.T.C.l. ?|-
dlo.mrlorbm .t| lod d..
|.|nn4l uirrllto.ll dtflst-
!od: telegranesal6:Allln-
dl ll.nu.lr 0udiul B|-
cau); .chlDc munlclDlul
Bucuialll; radiogonioh€-
trie:Bdaanocrb.bla (lu-
r'.lul GdiD, R.ds fl|.
nud.
ClftlCltorrcr CuD.l
U.T.C. la r.dlo.m.toi.m
. iorl dardnn.tl lchlDa
lud.lulul B.cau.

6. ln ac..t an, ziu! de tg ruqutt
a m.rcer un €v.nh.nt mltoi tn
vr4a orgenrz4lerr.votuttonir. a
rnord g.nardtt din Datrhno..-
rrl, tr .nume !.lv6i!.ro! r trol
d.can| ?t juhttn€ (b E Infilntt-
r6a Prh.br 9ln ara na onit.
lre tn€r.lulul.
Utoclttllda !zi, Intr.roa oon}
r4r€ tntri, cunolc m!i.a -..r
.ncslte . pnmobr a!n!.r., tr
ce .ronurr 3rolc6.u doou! brt-
rnr brrg..,t€rtln c.or ca ddv+
nil6 linlalnfl . lupt€tvtctoflora.
P.nrru r€conlrruclralt.il, penrru
inc€Dsturlro6dliidnl loclittrmu-
lui In orvl! noaltrl,
D6!t&ur.ir lntr-o !€rtorda d.
Putornlclvlnt cr€atof,dnd oe-
mlnrl moocll d. oo Intrco cu-
pnnaulllnr iu rapdd.t noi-arr}
m$ctblla !ucc..€ ln to.t. dc
menill. d. actlvitat., lmoreato-
nmra !6rbdroarodedlcdii ant-
v..!lrll, la crrc . oartlclDlttov!-
ralul IICOLAE CEAI S:8CU.
aH:i'il:if,SlTlil*:5,'tiJi,JhopuDxciisociEtirlaRom6oia.,
conlrtu[ o vtbranEmanit€rarc
d6dicrE .cttvitatl olinsd6 abne
gq|€ dat4u.ar6 d€ th.ri o€
t€nr|€rotopatriet 9i, h acstii
rmp, un momonrde €mqbnantr
doc6r€ a panbtod.itiin.ret de
!€r4ir ra d€zvoriaro. I i Intbni€a
cu|mrtot matInat!6de civittzaii.
rr^pro9.€6
slrDarorrrolc.lor 35 d. ml de
|a or9anEar6aprtmotorain €r6
nE|onate!|o fl.or6iutut. conltF
trrt tr un pritoJd. ltratuctrbhnt
a€ c.rur prgtnt de Incapursa
.cflau |e lcort timp duDe vi_
orrnra choharo adr..€u ther.l
&i6gfll'.%i^l':S'di*,Fililrlrsa ra d6 rtunai, dc conduca-
ror arorglntrrli€t rEyotutionlr€!
rrnsr€r'rruicomudt!t Sfuponurl
rr tco.lr! ch€mtr. 9i_aoa![ .r_
Pr6.r. €tocv€nta h tmDr€!to-
na.li mfc!.€ d€ m!.a i bno!-
or6nror d.!ra9urrtd cu €x.h-p|ln darutrc revotl4lon.ri do
.ur€ d€ hti de munctori,urani.
.r6vr!r .lud.rli, c!r6, In canbt-
tu' r.rg arangrFnt Inrr.ourutoo-
Por. r'i pu! t.h.tta tmoordn-
l.lot obilcllv. €conomlci!t !o-
c|lr-cu||ur!r6rldtcat€duDalntrG
rur6r ..rorulot d. 6 bar'r. !i>
c|l|l tr n{tonata, mfltl.ctlD .l
mrrhP.ri. ttit p. olmlniut o;-
$atN[ilE[|E[E
mAuromA[E
t" n!j#" t'
.I':{
:t
ii'
:'Fg;1;:'';:'
a ALMANAHUL TEHNIIJM

7. 'l{df"it"Thl18'C
t ltimiilE anl.ca cona€mn€.za
o6rloadad6 dnd ln tflrnloa orrtl-
duloi !€ afiA lovar&ul l|l@l^E
CE UgESqr, ni irii d€ tlog4i
F€.lru l.lrelg.l.re, auhlomnat
o p.rlo..li pli.l d€ implinnl|itra
pr€.rden!al p€ninj tln€rllbrloa-
dlorl pr&enti p€ mffll€ ganilerl
nrllonalo. Mar6r lncr€d6r6 06
car6 pr.tldul, rscrslarul.5u 9€-
n6rrl. o efutt lln6rllor. fitcutd
llrol'lll€ p€ clro lc.aila !l lo-au
alumlt ln v.sl'rl p.ogrth d€ €dF
tlo6 mlrll.tA r ltrll .! d*lnt
iol m.l complsx., culmlnrndcu
marll€ rtupund6rl lr|crsdlnlalo po
r.ntl.rul Cffrlulul Ounarlul.
iff N.agra.Incu.!l4i p€mlnent
h .ctlvlldoa ror do .trtu.lr6 al
lnd€mnurll. iov!rer u lu I
{I@LAE CErut€8CU. hoblll-
!41 d. pr.z.nl. conducltorulul
p€rllduluitl rlriulul ln mlilocul
lor, brlgdbnl, cdlll l. orolca
tcoalaa munclitl! cu.ljulul,lu
In.crlr m.r6u nol tl lmprorlo-
n!nl6 |!ol€ ln cronlo!muncilo.-
trloilc€.ln lltorla nouAa oatrl€|,
Com!nd.m.nl.lor .conoml.l
nallontl6 lin6rll le-eu d3ounr
prln tlpto, d.clltllnd an6rgl6,
ounhd la lucru out.raa a9dor,
con.lrulnd!o!€la, c{l torato,cr
Tlnenl bns.dl€ .u Inaill la-
c{u.l dr cullurl, rcoll, orldr-
nla, Ltlra, l0lial6, aiedloan€,cl-
n.m.loor!t.. Vor rlmln6 ln-
acria€.ler. Indoirt6,ln oronioa
vls r rnllor conrtrucllollocla-
lilt3 r€allzlrll. d€ l.rma rl. li-
n.ror 9€n6ralr b!.t€ d€ punc-
l.l. ll.rblrtl alolantl6r6lorndlo-
nal6d€ la clnalul DunerrMar€r
N6aorl- Sl.tomul hldro€n.ro.tlc
!' d;.!vls4i. Poill. d. Fioi-ll,
C6nlr.h t6rmo6l6crrlcl06rlaturi
bituhlno!!. Anina. Combi.atul
poirochlmlcMidia-tldvodirl,si$
lomul ds d€$carl Bucu16ll
Nord, Slatehurdo rls4ll tl im-
bunitiilri lunclaloVlboari. do la
9.nti.r€l€ Motru ri Rovin!ri,
acolo und6 fnAra g6n6r4l6QFa
atlrhlt p€.sonalitai.r c.oaloara
Erprlmlndprin lapte rocunq-
tlnla prctu.di rde d6 lovar&'rl
xlCOlAE CEAUSEgCU, p€ntru
9f|l6 pirlnl6s.cn po caro o
poarE iin€.€i gen€ruiii,lonndrii
6l ln .olrh comunbr3l ,llrnrlrll
oi muliilat3ralg,9€nlru rolul ln-
lMnnal acordatin aoci6tai6.ii'
nslaluld€ p€Inlregcupri.lul16-
rii. fArl d@sbi6 d€ nrlionali-.
tst6, ao angai66ra!6-tl lid6p -
macl si in viftorm!.116dsoun-
d€rico ll favln.rcolo und€pdrlr
al€ n.vol6,contlbuhd aatlel,cu
ioei€ 1011616,ll lnllplulr.a pro-
oramululd. .dlllclr. ! .ochiltil
aelEll.!., d€ ln.hraro a ttili
!of6 comunllm.
dulr'1,dov€dindu-, lllill d€mni
contlnueton.l tiurlrll aoclrll!-
mulul 9i comunilmulul p6 pl-
trlnrur tlrll.
Tlnirr 9.n.r416 !6 va lmpllca
rcllv In compl.rul progrump.n-
lru oqloar€aunorproduqnlgri-
col. bun. In o.lc. condltli d€
cllmn. €rllzlnd In vilto,ii .nl
500000 d6 hscilrg do lrig4ll,
oluran6lucdn d6d6r€cl,l3id.
am.llorur. a solulul.
Mom6ntcu multlpl€s.n|nilic!-
tli. anlv.|! r.r c6lor tf6l docgnll
ii lumAld. do ls org!oiz!r..
.anli6r6lofnrlional. il6 tln.ralu-
lui ! consiituilun .vsnlm.nl d6
ndulirtln vl46 organlz{l.l r3!0-
l|4ionaroa rinsrgtulul,un lmpr6-
sioninl omigiu adui nlncii pr-
tdorlcod€ota$uratoln Enll €dlli'
carii socialisnul!iin $umpa
noadra palio. (c.s.)
Cut/l.iul 3€cr€t.rulul g6n.r'l
al oartldululla lmDr.tlonant!
anlvcru.. ! o.lor 35 d. inld6la
lnfilnt.roa lantl6r6lof ndlon!|.
rl. tln.r.tulul a lnl.lbrl 6locv6nt
gr!.di6rul program d6 parlicl-
par6 li kanltormrrs! ..luril
lnt.-o .t!pl nou6 do d6.vollrfo a
pald6l,6tiF6 ln car€llnsii mun-
c[on, llru.i, €levrll .lud6nlllrt
bui. !6 lcllonozo cu oalluno9i
romanllsmr.volutionu D€ntrua
ll la Inatlm€6€pocll,contlnuhd
giimbog6llndnobnobnadlii El.
muncii prtriotico,p6ntrua apo.l
.oortul laInldolulroaobi€otiv€lor
lt.blllis d. consrclur ar xll-loa
ei ConiednlandlonalAal€ pa.ti
I ALMANAHIJL TEHNIUM

8. mCI[ffi$pCIm
IEHNIGCI-AP[[GAT
ilNEDUGAMEAilNEMEIIng. FIc'MUL CHIc|FtEAN
Idb Invanlll.u loatilcula ab r.v.nlt oara.r.u ln ao.l-t mo.,t|-
clr. cu ahp| |nEu|ttuntnu t. poalartrat ma.alucru,TrabuL ataiat r
un roa tatt. t{urnatIntro aaahanaananl| .. vattrlaa Drodlaao att+
Pari|tf,ramal ||nponan[ ln trorlul lnamlc d DdinoacJfutut.
Forma,.! omututnou,ctttor!l
rocrrlalll locl.lllta mufiht€r!|
dozvollti. pra2ent. at el |oot.ii-
lli comunl.t! d6 itin., ocuoaun
loc d. mdlml Import.nlaln do-
cumenr€|.Programrco rt3 paF
lldulul, h 9lndlr6i tt tutllti d.
Pozlr. rla m.r.lul om Dolhlcal
da aiat, ctra otia tacrata.ut oa-
n€.rl al P.C,B., tov.rr;ul
NlCOlAl C:^U!!ICU. orr.-
dlnl.la Fohlhr.r.
Trunllomr€. oCluntil. roltt-
lrto, a dorl4rl In hpr6 pr$u-
pum Inlal.c.r.i .c€tul m€ca-
n|lm dl mulnu comDt.rh.r. !r
tinoiaclra ..ta p6noi! tita! tn
dovlnrrc,omul fnllr cu .!ot|rtit,
vh6tl lihlt , cu ido , lD€ri s!i
dlzrnltgkl. Plrhotogr!tt gada-
gogl!, cl ta numlm doar doud
dlntn,9tlld.lo lolcit t6 dtn Dtih
In lo.|.rl rcluno, !. vad cbn-
trunht€ cu probl€n6dtntr€o.ls
hrl d6llc!t.. Fovotuti! sr dtiF
co-!.hnrci (RsT) coni6hirorrna.
lrnp.clol.l loclal c0 Introoutvsl
d6 D..Lc.rl c!r. o lnlda.c rt-
dlcSm..l t€mn. d6 htrab.r€ in
c€.r c6 p.rv4!r d.pid.r€a iotf
ludlnilor,culilverc! lor. tormlie
ds dop.ind€rllololitoaro o€nrru
,,cliDr" ln c!r. fntrut ..tntrd"
stactlvln vilta locialt. S6mnedo
idtr.blro l! ill r,6 nart ndtc{
atlln4lll. lul AMn T! .r dtn
col€bra 3! c.no locul dliorulrt
"qrdodr.L flllmca In .h.
rara u||. cr c.a mat qr|.nb.
tdl.
'rolra.
d. .od.tltu ao--
rr.-, un In adnt o, a.t dnt
rDr.lndu.H.l n|l ..4 Do.tttl
rball rLca dact ..m arn vnot
c..r.rcr. no..ra d. ix| rr..
Illlc Nu TiElult tMtnoode
tr Peoon^ra aftaltltcl
o^c nu An! JulTtitc eE
Ttl:txtcl ot?| PuitcT DE v!"
DEt! At VITOFUIUP.
S6m..t. do lntr.bara,tutburr-
lorul .CUM'?, adr€.!t. acsltor
d€r6.rrl6 al oDtlunllti oa!.!c
rllpuo.url lonul.t! h c.l6 mer
(trv!.!o modu.l,oxDrtmlnddrt€.F
lol€ i€ndl4. tl pr.vlzluotlluore
vrrlorulul.cu toau div.r.tr.i..
lor, m.lorli.tlt ra!pun!ufIor
convorqlpfo o rn0mll{ toolcd
c€ 9or!a ll erprlmru lch€m; c
pnn urmatoar6bpropo2ttii:
. vtltorul v. prsthdo tutLrror
o.m!.rlor o actlvltat€i.t€tsctu-
rla m€r€ulporltl, con.b€intaa
lmpl.montt i ro:ulat.tor d6tor
mai noi d6 cuc€nnbr RST|
. c!r,ottint6lo 0rots3lonat!
lcumuriro vor ry66 0 Ytd6 din
c. In cs mr s.urta,p6.tmai€6tor
,vhd loc cu vl!6.€ dtn c6 ln c€
maihafl, reullat tot 6t btn t d.-
. comirsxluro. probt6m6tor
c6 .. c€r a tl r€zolv.t6 v. opuno
!P.cl.llaiului unil!t€r!l !Ljo€F
.t cldlzrt, caro b€n€lici.:! d.
aporrul indurllist Intormalco
P.rn momoriigllant, sp€ctatbrul
pollvalonlInterdllclpllner,b€n€-
9TEFA ODOIIEJA
llcl.r al llhnlcltor do cr..l|vtt l5
rot m.l 6volu.ro9t at unutlarDt-
nil Int lla.nt prin int.h.dtul
caru|. va modota9i ve ltmub
lunqbh.llt.ts! c6tor mlr !ts|7.
. ru|6tn9or6atot D.r pronuts
t a 3 an.r activ[aUtortEtc. tn
vralr 60onomio{, e muncti
Ea-zrr brut€ in gan6rut,ve im-
prca lngr.n.r€r olm€nitor ln
.clIvllall €xirtprol€!lon.ta m..
nrlo aa l. con.€ru. ltbut !t tF
d.nlnar€r, tbltil!to! m.nirrta
prln Pracllbrr{ iponutuiQllctF
vml|or cu c.ructGr 0€ hothr:
. !€l6qr! !l ort!.trr.! Drol;
lroneli poklvltt.!!rtor d. doihu-
di.i vor d€vsnldrn co tn ca mal
f6laiiv.,&himba.it6tot mald€!.
tl v.rlet€, impllcat. d6 c.rintct6
16rr. 116ictivltitllor econonii..
d€lormlnindmodindn d.!€ at€
lormdl6l proisdon!|. !t trs.re
d€ l. u. g6nd€ ac vlfti ti a[ul:
. CEFINTELEFUNbAMEN.
TALE ALE INVATAMINTULUI
CONTEMPOFANbESCHIS CU
!d.ver!r SPFE VITOR SINT
ACELEA OE FOFMABEa d.-
prlndarllds I In{ta conflnur.do
cultlvlr. , cu.to:tl{ii cf6ritva.l
r ..LN Inlbin.|lon tG it D.*;
nlr. . tG|tllyluoruljt orii obb-
nuirsa tlnarului cu oxtatent!
.oaE I hillo.c€to. do productt€
tr ds prarucrareintormnion.t6
dln c€ in c6 mal lotlltcato si cu
o urul. mor'l tot m.i nbtd6.
10 ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

9. aupir!€ unor &hlmblrl ravotutio,
n3r. ! ci.or curba .volutlvn ix-
raclorl.tlct .€!s €)(porl€(iali 9l
c€ro vor .nirona in tlmDulvigtii
lchimbad imDortrnla3l l. oroll-
rul p.oiallonil !l lnaiutui ir !€
prggiiEi. pontru vidi.
Inlr-o asti3ldo viziun€r. ob-
a€ryi toarto cla. oa loclolrt€a !€
atln intro comp€iti€ toarro
aprrgacu tihPul, cd orgrnizaroa
acrigEtiirocltl€ oinl ln c6l6mli
mlci dotalii rpr6 a ouin. m!xt-
mul ds sllci€qd dFa lungurun.i
vr6li ddi.e o condlio .hr. d4
nof| a. lupdiiukll ri inl€gdril
al c!rui t6moo cr6i. dm€tnor,
ComDatlbilitareanscolirAtrtoi@
cial. cu c€16indlvldude,6rmoni-
zar6dInto.slolorm€hbrllor un6l
locbt4l ln$!mne, ln ullima In-
danl6, ch.la lucc€lulul In t{uri-
r€s unoi Punlllralnlcainlr€ pr€-
z€nlsl vlllor.r-nr.cllr l.loric! ,
Ns.ori|llilor lociouti, d€ Dro3-
p€nlale €conomica.d6 cf6 tor6
continud9i d€ Nligursro! dzer-
veror9l a unor actleitlti loctlt€
n6c6lar6,oar nooroducflvo,| 36
oPUn n6c63lrallloindivtduat6
concrorizrtoin rcrll.rrsa un6i
vlqi in c.rc rcttvtirt.! so.lata
uiili conisrdIndividLiluio r.o!F
lti6 hat€.illl carc ri sdtrlac{
Inlr-o mdruradt maro!rc .!pi-
rllllla d€ conton m.renrr rro rul
tl 616Lhill.i 3l 3ulicl.nr rimo
ar-zr3,Io€r ponrruodrhna3i ac,
Itvllall caro lei hultumofuca
splrltual, anarlla obl.ctivd a
ac€sror nocolitatl,ln condluit.
6rl.l6nl€l unoi cor!lllrt. loclalo
r€!1., 6vl(lo4ilza ca lntr..ga
D.obr€trr,!o rodu@d. l..l Ir un
lingur 6l€h.nt - rimpui - ta
o.g3.rzrroacu harimi .llcl.nt{,
P6rton.E si lochlA, . color tr6l
do 8, r63p6criv8 016 ac vlrd.
socilE util6(munct),I of6 r€ti-
rcro 918 ors odlhnd,c!..lmDr6.
und torm.rd ziur ds 2.{d€ orc.
D€ci, avindin v€d6r6cd urua
.ro 24 ds or€ (din odcat6o6nt.u
unii, din lericlrep6ntrualtiD,cd
exi6b un num6rds or€ obi6ctiv
n6c63!rs ponrrurcllc€fea lizio-
logict a orgrnismuluiti ca p€n.
rru un reglh d€ activitslgaoci.la
do muimum 8 ora/zi3-ausacrl-
iicat mlli s€msniai nc6t.i. s€
puno rntr€bar@ cum ar l€bui
organizatlimpul lib.r p€ntruca
individulan so relaxozointr-sde
v5.,ie. $cistat€a sd poatab6ne
ncia d6 .caa!!i acrlvltEt.d€ re
laxaro indlvlduali?Cu alts cu-
vint6i cum s-ar pul€a r€alizatn
24 do ore o aclivllat€ ca.€ si er-
primo pnn pismr stlclont6i6i,
Porsonrl€si 3ocl6l6,uo numar
spoflt da o.3, 3i zlcom 30 ds
tit ALMANAHIJL TEHNIUM
ore d6 0x€molu.Par6 6b3urd,
dar malomqtlcan6 dd un d3-
punB obiectlv 9l p€rtinont la
acoalti orobl6me- Notind cu A.
B,9l C duratsnofiinale a activi-
lalii aoci!16util6, r€3p€cnvdu-
rata nominalaa r6l3l.rii Si a
odihn€i,licu A, B 9iC'durarol€
r€416,€l6ctiv6 al€ c€lof trsl acll
viidll, Droblomal€ tormuleazd
a8ti8l:cunosdnd ci AUBUCj4
9l A + B + C = 24, cumse Dosl€
obil.o A UBUC'=24si A'+B+
+C'=3O.Respun3ulssle toartB
limplu: dac6C=C',rosp€ctivtlm-
pul do odihnardmlnon6ohim-
bal,alunci€st€.scssarca AOB'
S sau,cu altacuvinto.irilimDul
r€lstirli sa s€ praclic6 o acrivi-
lat6 car€s6 lie uli|asi soci6lilii.
indamioa.e, rdbda16, Irnt€ri€
creatoarq conc€nl.ars 9l alt6
trisiiuri d€ p€ruonalitaio, ca.o
3€ c6r a li cultivato sl dsvoltato
3prs lolosul p€r8on.lsi cel 30
cial iotodari - .opfeinli r&-
Punsuloplim la haroa problomA
r uiilizdrlicu maximi 6ticientaa
Nomonclatorulsporlurilort€h-
nico-aplicatlve63t6 desiul ds
vart 9i in cootioudcre3l6ro,d6
r6i6riin contlnu-
ar6 ra dreva a3p€cl6al6 Edioa-
malorisdului3i als mod€llmu-
lur,sporturlpopslarq cu o p.iza
d6os€bi6,mai al€3 la tin€ra.
FsdloamatorEmul- sport ce
coprind€o arielarg6d. preocu-
oiri, d6 la incel{lori, car6 abia
S€ ajungeaslt6ile cel6bramaxi-
ma Odlinab.l. .1. hunca DrL
|r||rncll sau,intr-o v.rsilne mo
d6rnE6ra, .uloD..t cllon.ra-L
co.thuu tl Lrgat -tl orlzontul
.rrnoti.rll .p.. . &r.nl omul
:ll.l d. |rllnd, Daratrazlndascu-
lrta remarcl a rui ron Elb.r!
omul nu di. o lrrnlarmprlnlta
d.llnlly: .l ..L o r..l[rl.ln .b
Y.nlrq P. c.Lr um.nEarll pro-
gr..h., Un .nlrn l dri|!. .!.1
qr .l In.ql In cut.ll Inlr.dl .|l.
vLll. Ohul, .llhpotrhd! d.ca nu
.. Intlplulta p. !ln. D. t|tDt
6.r.u lullo.r., :l cu ,1. .t .|}
c.d. |ub nh.tul un.n.
SDorturilet€hnico-aDlicaliv6.
pfln caractBrullor complex,im-
plidnd cuno616169tiintilioi, iF
iormaresi docum€nlar€o6rma-
n6nta,comPolili6,mboa.oln aer
lib€r - ln malorliateacarurilor
d6cilroa2alalnoloetGctronicii.si
pln6 la coi avansali,.oo.iorcl}
.lonlt, car6
'€al|z6a:A
ipara-
turA panrru l60Atu.i radro D6
urh. d,. m.l.o7ll. r|fi.rll ||rn.r.
(probabil9i plai€tarsln viitorul
nu prealnd€pedar,c€rert td}
lll lrechd deiain st€racotidienu-
lui), tsleviziun€do amator po
und6 scurrs,sl4li radiocoman-
dals d6 mlcroproc€3oaros,a.m.d.
- esrso activii.tecu saiistactii
p6rsoh5l6si stici€nli sociaEd+
os€bire.cum o.re ar out6. taah-
16l cind mecanicut:m€dtcut.
agficurtorur,juristul,comercian-
xffi*{$,qtma' nol cucerniab ol€ctronicii.
ac6asii bituruC mlcl c6 a lF

10. vol4lonat,ln cst hai autentic
sns ar curntutui,vistarndus_
l.lal6.Dln picar6,Eouil{ neD€r
masd€ ut4 (lar ioariahuii nici
macarnu ttiu) c6 radtoaniaron,
slnl adaS.dii piontoriai l6t6ce
municdlilor,ca acGti Dasionatl
ar und€rof Edto, tsgonlt din
r.6cvs46t6 csror! t€-au d4cG
porii lainsl6, 3s indreaD6 sDr6
lFa-ziE€16dom6nli d6 irucv6kd
nrco|||.rcr.l. p€ carc tor ei, iu
po.s6v6renlr ti Ingonrozitat€3
caracls.illica, l€ translorna in
con.rcl.l.. flind tlaonlt din
nou.conb.m parc6unuiblsltom
camusi€n.silifl mod.rnt,cu t.i-
conur (ciocanut3au DFrotutda
lipit) in mlna9l cu mtnr6El*G
dlnd viitorut, Gdioamatoriaar
me.ila mal muttl poOutariza.63l
mul hai mutt rpriii. dtn Dart&
soc|c|alli.Pontru d,.oatlr li-
hd, ln altii d. c€t dttva Drh[]
lLll d .o.rl.l, cs€ar D6r oro-
oura conPonont.todorit., cor
torm nocodtllllor conliruqllto.
Inr-un c6rc 9ctoa : Bl Drooun
c€va, cauul unoori ant In sk
comDon6nt.t6do.[o ti, ctnd au
rorur lau rpro.pa totut, rcl|l
z$za ca c€€a c}!l propu!$€ra
6alr)dol6 uzal morrl, lJrm6d,
tD.ndo.lrt l€ri le ia torut d€ t!
capdl,hlnndu-3€Intr-uncsrcvi-
clft oaf., d€ c.l€ matmutt€ort.
.u d'rcola nlmlc.st ctndno dn-
dih c. Inveathlo.octatad.;lt-
clonl6 €conomtct incatcuhb 6
rePr.zrnlt aceti radtoamatori.
clnd n. glndtmca .t6ctro.tca3i
inrorm.trcr n€ Inr.d..d pur il
srhplJ v|4a, lub c6t€ met di_
vor$ a!p6ct€...cll intordtlctpl-
n€4,d6 CaroOconoml.nod.rnA
ar6 n.voi€c! omutdo aer,nu !6
g6!€!c In rlndirt ac€storo$tG
n4' tr clli nu 3-!r DUt€!torhE
imbinind!-l. u ut iu otAcutut?l
Sl cll ar ll do simblu:
Modottlmut,un an aportdo o
lrumur.l. !l compl.xltatod6oae
bll6.cuno8dndmalmuti3a! msl
Pqin dln n€carurilomdloamdo-
rl!mului, 9ro!uoun6ribda16,tn-
g€.iozltal6,inded.af 6, cut{vlnd
gustul p€.tfu iiumo3. Conaid6-
rind cl orlc€ noue foelizlret6h-
.ict trucs orlntr-olazl obtioErc
rl€, nod.lui luncton.t. vom-rca-
liza im€dlatc{ niaror mEioritde
a inv60bro.or au lost mod€lFtr.
Flallol.d llt6ratr,.ah crra s. rtb
mrrlurii d..pf6 InEntrtorll dtn
c€r6mal dlv€€€ dom€nii,obser-
vdh ci ds mlcicopiitoan€huti
dintro oi au conlrruir modstb
clrs au Proligu.at.oalldril€ d€
mai li.riu. EdLon,vl.bu. cot'r
Con.t nll||..c|j. Co.nda au toilt
modslir0d63rviciti. si c€ 6i au
toal3i sinl aflia allii.M.i e @16
1e ALMANAHUL TEHNII,.tM
mvor6 at pbdam pentrunoc€lF
Irl6a !prlilnirii !c6!iui !port,
p€.lru n€c€litrt6aIndrumirii ti-
norllor3pr€ hoddhm? E i€lonte
soclalA.sr€ 6vrde.U. Oa. dln
Pac.r6, on6ori locmai lucrt.ll.
ovldonlr nu 36 v6d, nu 3€ dis-
ringe €!€nlirlul dln cau:a u.or
amAnunt. n6.€mnttlc.tive. lar
dnd.s sindim ce mL,ttimod}
lbll dsvl. sl radiosmaro.idlnnF
vo|a d6 .-ti tot€comand, mod€-
ar ti mult6 da lcrta d€sDr6
sporrurllolohnico-aplicaflvo,ifta
sp4iur |lnui articot 63t. muh
prar .g8trln!pe.tru a Dut6acu-
prhd€ l. 6l lNomr$n a. ar um-
pls lohori htr6gi. Consid€r6m
c:t am f6u3 sa conturim citite
rului o oPln{€9i sa g€noiamun
suDrecrd6 m€dit4i€ o€ntru @i
c€ .€ ocupAd€ problemot€rtne
Am ll n6drcoti daca am in-
ch6laeoeatadicot lira a lmtnli
ca .! tr6bui63! s6 piard! .ici
un momsnt din vod6rc ca 3i
ac$t€ activirillcont.ibuldIr t6r
mar4 cL'rlurria6n6ral€! omutui.
c6 ter6o cuttuieoen€rara3oh(|6,
c! dunqtinle dinrfocatsmaivE-
nal6nu 3€ poaraabordanimtctn
Epirircr6ativ,consrrucv, com.
ta ldpr€u.A cu Elh.btn si ct v,
prlaionlaproDlatl,toti o6nietitn
dom.nille gtiinla' rt 16inicir.au
arcatufto torm4i6 ds muricad.
cahod c6l6bd p€ntru ca ratsa
le ,{lcoh. T.cto a studiatafr ta
rorrenn|ct drn vi3na, cii si te
acad6miad6 rrt6 kumoasedin
B€rlln.vtctorB.b- a audiat.ii-
tnlels nalurii$i lilozons,chir-

11. gh. u.rlrc.cq cr.dlorul tcolii
rohanet d6 n6urolo0i€,a slu-
diat medicina$i ingineria,laind
arra3cu p.sioned6 matematici,
ldn C.nlrcudm a urmat lits-
.sls, liloelia, modicinaii SliiF
1616naturil,E.rnu.l g.c.lollu a
106ldoclor in mat€hatici.tirioa
ti ohimi€,1..1.nVuL a lo8tingl-
nsr, dff ri doctorin d6pl, An-
gn.l S.llgny a sludial aslrono-
mia, dar a devonlthoiner con-
struclo.. oo. l a tolt sl6vufc€-
l6bruluilculolor Rodh. iar N. c,
P.ul..cu aunoslea lilozoli€.
srerc6, lslinA,d$6n, m€dicini,
gllinlelo.alurii, dnfnd in ac6lr9i
timp la pian 9i orgd, lar P€nlru
ce v€ol vo6a d€ pian ti orge,
Cogu Con.Lntl...cu no tol
cala s lluns la sonlciGt€?Oar
!a-l lisdi o€ €l in!6i !d mdnu-
ris€asc5crszur !614 J{um.rql
rlnr flldolll c.n ob..nia o rb
hrrc{5 hlr. .r[ tl tlllnll tl
Incl al m.l mull c.l c|.. r.llnd
ca Fntru un dn d. anna .d.
.t ohrt n G.Ir rL . tdl Inchlr
Inlr-|ln lrbor.lor Inconlur.r d.
ltlcb, ani.b al iot i.lul d. .F.-
ni. tl nrahltl ca, p.nlru . .lu-
dh o Drobldra d. l||ba. nd.-
ndlcl no ..i. rorb. d. . !.
ocup. (b Xryd.! B..thot n ..!
W.!n r. P. dd .u, d. .lnd
.|rm iL 15 mL nu . D Drhlrr
E! filoron...".
Stlinld, .dn, hobby... Und€
oa.e sir locul li€clruia daca nu
in vl4a no.dre ds zl cu zl, tn
tormar€lomuluizileid€ miine.a
D€ruonalltilllmuillaiorsldezvol-
ial€ cu .d€vdrat.Poniruoa, 4a
om adta laurosrul Prcmlulul
Nob€l psntru llzlci, savantul
Plot L. K|Flr, .,ln d.cur|!l ro.
lull.l .ocLL .. v| prcduc. un
l.l d.
-bcll,.
nuhrllnlr|.b-
t rt|.la io.l.l+ cl tl Inlunlrul lor,
.p.. b.n.llclul p.r.on.lltalllor
cr..|o..., c.lo. h.l mltl||Lr.l
fiaroltr!.. crr. cor..Dund &r-
vol[rll progr..bb . mcl.lllt'.
. In l.nurrl6 1922.l{lc.lr.
lor!. propun. Plrhm..lulu'
roman o lcg. cc Pr6r€d. hti-
inle@ h Prrl! 3l Fm.,
dola scoll romSna6tlc€
av..u ca acop ,$rblllr.a l.-
g6tu lor Inld ftll4! romA-
n€.t a !l c.r occld.nl,rla,
9r.cum !l lo.inara4 lntr-un
m.dlu do lnd[ InloloctullF
l.io tl rlguro.d dlaclPllnl,r
c€lor |nal bunl dlnl€ lludan
til nollor o.ocntll'. La P.dr
ids i!pl, - l. Fadbnly aux
Fo..l curarrll. lu lnc.Dut
!|,b dlr.clh lul l{lcob lo'!r
ln lull. r.rlrl .n, l.r lr
Romr ln rc.lrl tlmo lub dl-
ruqb Ul V.db Pad.n.
o Lr 22 lanuaial0la Fcda.
ralla Inlamaboa[ dc A.ro-
nlltlcl alllaraarrl :ho.l C|-
ruLnl bravclul da ollol nr.
| 591. Romanl. dlnd .!tl.l
orlma t€m.l€-pllot. Pa duncl
ln Vrltl d. 27 d. !nl, lLnr
Cr.rLnl lnldt!.. pllol.iul l.
Cotroc.nl.lndrumr[ lllnd d.
caolt.nui Fot .cu. In oe-
rloadr urrutoaro .. r tlcut
num.rou. zborurl In M.xlc
3l OaConllnantulamadcan,tF
Ind cor..pond.ntl d. rlzbol
olnlru of6e ll.ncol,
. !! 2/t bnu| ! 1036 un
olcl,or obacur, lmrral llott
inelnl h Unlvlr.lht . dh
Na* Yo* un aparel cu aluto-
rul olruh t rxn.rlJ trm.mll]
h dllbril n6!,. - t 14ru.
lui fanatlr, lLnllxr Unlf,nr
!u lori prlmal. ouvlnl.
fln&nlaa, Eroarb4rta r ri{l.
!l!,.|lr rml'lclnll nu i'rt)
.cordal brifalul cuwfilt. I:!,
gcn rllizlril ln{lfllLl ,a1..
RUGAITPE TOT| CTTTTORICARE POSEDADOCUmENTAT, SCH|TE,
I'ATERIALETEORETICESAU BEALIZARIPRACTICE.INSOTITEDE FOTO.
GRAFIIREFERITOANELA DIVERSETIPURI DE GAZOGEN,PRECUI{SI LA
CENTRALEEOLIENEDE DIFERITEPUTERI.SA IA LEGATURACU REDAC-
Tra PF|N SCR|SORTSAU LA TELEFON17 00 20/269.
,l3:ffi ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

12. Muzeul tehnieii
lYilizatiei
popul&re din
SIBIU
a
ir|ldrllil, .t6ller€.!cut6 3r diroD
zltlv6, on.rt! llmpt€ sau cohbli-
cd€, lnlr-un lDdlu dDoztttohal
dndit Fnlru . e€mlt6 ini€ore-
.€. lrorlacu a ac6.iora in m.;iul
tmbi$t, DumbrlvaSlbiutoi,to-
cul ld6.l p.ntru o ast|€t d6 d&
L$ur$e d€ luodtonatitai.rt oi-
1016.., ds unitEr€ltlttsrici, d€
cr..l16 opn€ratiorin nonumir.t
modu.i do uiilizaro a mat ri6i
pnmo prcdominanie, c€€a oa am
pu!.a numl clvlllr4ia tomnutui.
,N.nunririt. lt Ing6nio!3€u ti-
zana|. unormqqugui, mri.€-
rnr, 9, car6alLzl 16numlmt6h-
norogil Prlmar€,als unor su..6
ds on€rgb p€ c.r. .rtizt t6 €ti-
chciam l€cundlro, rr put€a si
pot contrlbullnoa la puner€ath
v.roar6, p€ pran .conomic ds
.c€.lia dali, a luturorrsurslor
umane9l .llural€ do car6dtsou-
nom,cu ic.l.4i princtgtt,daicu
potln|irlol lndud.tot aien$te.
O vlrti! h !c€!t muz6!. dtn
Paod. lnct n.lnclu! in ctrcutr6to
turllllc€ O.N,T,,rlolto 3i l. h-
r.4|l ninddunrlt! d€ .-t oalrn
unloltrlcl !l In.dltul ln circuttrrl
v.lofllor Inlrrn.tlonlls, 6.t€ int -r..rnla .ru lgr€abili, .6v6t.-
roi6 !€u la.clnlnul, ln lonqb
ds orlzonlulcolrurit !t fi€caruh,
d.r r.drlculibll €r6t6n.6*ra .
Iod plulto.r. cr|.^
v.t
$re
In9'
rds€sd6 a tntihla ln 1863un
mur4 ar lohnlclloooute.6..om-
plstaroflr.!!c, 9t ci vit€ntoru-
p€riolr. h o|anulcunGr;rtt .r-
vlllrdior ..anutut, a crci ot toF
clorlcs,. IngGnrorttaltiInvbntato-
rururpoPuh.,vrno$ comot€t€ze
hrgtn6. nordri d6!p(i !lri-
m€|, do.or€ lorglnut ctv zati€i
cFrattAN cF/[ctuNotu
noaltrc, dc.orc contlnult.t6! !l
llabllllal6a ocuprtlllorp€ tlnti
Folpocf.d cu lld€litll€ !d.vt-
rLrlirlorlc,Inr.h.lndu-.€ t€ c.r
c€ilri rlllnlltlc6 dheloctotoglc.
como|€x6,duz.ul llultr*z! bc
q{lla tl vffloi.t.a mai'ntrtl ioh-
nic€ popurrrc prln co.ltructll,
14 ALMANAHL'L TEHNI|JM

13. Muzoul ll!.t,oarl pGocuplrl
v6.hl din ddmahiul urlllzt.ll
6ne19lilornoconvonllon6r6,un
loc doos6birocupind csa so-
lbne. Multltudh66 horilor €c
llon6 din divord. zon€ 6lnogra-
llcs rluslrsa2autlllzar6a9€ s.arl
l.rgd a ac€rtuilip ds 6n6r9l6lr
Morilescsd6anu dnl condus
d6 calcllalor, nu a(]convortoaro
d€ lrecvor(e,/.olldsrat6",roroa-
r.le n! 3r'ntradial-axlalo,cu p63
vlrl.bll tr pronluri cu donumlri
@lobro.d.r 6u o c.lilalo ps caro
nu o au lLrrbh6l66oll6noacturlo
Oiproblbll nlcl c€16vilioard:sint
conlaclionatocu r6ursle dle
poniblleln locul condru4iol 9i
cu invotl|li etil de mlciindl d&
vln ronlabilodln prlmul mom.nl
ll.ch.t.6.c..t.-
/r'rrulul un l tnort cu un
O$13."L.-'"''
o-"
,-"#i[*.ffic,
Solulir con!lructlv€varrat6.
!n.16 pufnd condltui 3ublocto
do brsvol,d6 la Drlndorsao6t6to.
d6 burucrr rigerul.o9i la.i cine-
mar'c, d6mon.ros:t viabititat6a
lnor dr.pozitiv6la care 3-a rt
nullal n0 din comoditetesau
nero.labilltrto,ci, our 9l llmgtu,
din nocuno€br6.Trrils Dutornic
andurlri!liz.ro,s.u.A.. u.F.s.s.,
Olanda,Fr!d., Marsa 8rltant6.
6xploal.r:A un numarimprollo-
nsnr d6 mrcrocrnlralo60li.no.
lr. numa.ulcondructiilorcrs t6
cofilinuu. For.l6 n!mo.oa!o,
p€rts 1@0 idontilicaronumaiin
!6.olul lr..ut, h :one cu slab€
rs.ur.6 hidrodnsrgsllco,morito
d5 vlnl n. amlnt6.cci noil6d6.-
cop.riri triinlitlca nu pot olimina
solL4iil.lr.dlion.l€ docltin6qit6
d€ afgum.nlul rorl6 ti dsi€ori
no0lU6t,p.ozric d.numl ,,Drst
un alo.€l in6diril Drslinll in
cadrul inrr.l.tiilor hidrauticods
pursromorll. Dluriroarg,caoodd
p€r6 ars l6hnologr.i popurar6,-
$lvat6 si con!€dato aid srtiF>
f;:'J'i"'3"8"":i*s;'{'i[llor d€ roA vllirblls. dt si a l,lltr
tlc.rii c.rlrl.lor ds !€ o in-
tr6aoe zond, moara ptutitoar6
1E ALMANAHL'L TEHNTUM

14. Csr,"r
. "-. f,o.rl d. tnl cu d|I .
O)
c".-t, lud. codr'it.
,Orm..*,"m"mr
man.,9um!0-
a€lo d. lapl o ,,rmb!rcdl6 de
-o63srvrre
qt lorvicil aurltiare,.
rnarnrod€ a ti o lhgtA in!trl. 6
nrdrautica
. Condruqiati conthu. porneo-
t|onar€ a ace.tui tip d6 mo!d,
rol4ronrr.t oroblsmclorde .rr-
bllii3t3tl cohponra.. s autotit-
nanr .tnt mori|3 Indtlcut.blt€,
dar dt. g€n.ralrid€ m€brt .u
conl.lbuli li p.rilqbnld.. Ort-
cum,moaraI dtaoarutcamd. o
96n€dl. tl arU:l r€d.lcoo€rlm
potlbll|u|lll€6l d€ u tiz!(,,
I rar€ur d3 v[nafs ricuro!
co.copur n6 vlnsoorti tn dt-
v€n€ zone dnogrrtice at€ terir,
|lr vrr|la,!!6m€.oa un€ioovcrl
!6 (t€.penap. flrut curdatoral
u..r rp€, !r9i shbol rt E€tor
o€ e..rgta. thtr-unladru D€tta-
grtllc 6xc6plro.allncadrlt r.me-
llc cu lth€farut h.rcat d6 C6-
f_6,m!rlJt sp€t !6-mptot6€c
uaraa ca duc ra moara..,,.vl
z|ra tr€cs prin goapodarl d.
mql3n. ri€ sr noraft ltu flute
lart.p€ nngndilporlrtvomatstm-
pro lau mar cohDttxa. to!o6r..
dlrul€9i vl 6rt, crane riu feer-
cln 913. oprqb p€ matutt.crF
Ard, intr6 nuion, papud !l
ra3rs, !6 ga!63co chorhlnacuplalal€Inllns€ la u&rt, totctc6
mrcr i gudron9t not€ oxo c!-
||v6 cuprrn:indtuncliohar€ridt!-
pozftv6rord. pretucr!rc9l doDo.
rr.re a p€btul Tot 6ici$;6-
36!c morll€d6 vlnt cu rotoaf6-rn
9ld6s.u din dn:i, iar oontruc6i
crrs dor€lc o 6xp€rtoltl nautba
rm€drrttbiircicu ram€d6 InchF
Un bogai mat6rtat ilusv.tv
6r!6 pul la indon$naamatoritor,
qhldul muzeulur€!!a si .t tcna
lrumo! rodaci.t, iar ortt6@ntru
vEilato. roztdd st drri iur.6te
orar€d6 minicErc€bqoa our
b.ava d. c€nkut or4ut-utSibiu.
n€comandtm tutu,or c6tor
sn4i in tr€c6repin slbiu ac6al
muz€rj pnor6& ca q.zar6. dal
d€ c€r mai inalti tinuti ca o|tF
zsnt6r3tl activitarastitn ticb.
13 ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

15. culo.|. oqlnul. In dom.n
|rirlro.c.ro. (b comunlcil.! p
cum tl ga.lrarsnor mod
m.l .llcLn!. (b..1un9.
ulllLr.t m.rhd . E.ior
lo*. rrnll. .l r..lucl
c.r. rpa.l In prfl.nl
dn d. rldhltrh iL
dq.rrLl|l.i..
1977,Con
oialal O
3-a
ul mondral oll€ a)€l p6
4illof l. nlv6l natlonal.
dorochilF
nun.roalo 6rtoorgrn€9l
rlll - rl€ clror Inl€rom
rll d. r€glirar€lobl60ll'
qi.raPq
19789l
al cofilnbtlllloi cr..t..
lnl'| rruciirl .h conunrc
csr6 rocomand,ca un
l€rnEionaEa Toloconun
s6 ti6 d@mnan ca
r€sporu8blEs Anuruinondlll
conunic4iilof. in36rcinat!c
coordonaroaa8p€crororprogr&
mslorsi a activiLliloraltorinsll-
tutli 9i, p6 ac4std bde, in coo-
Dorafscu cololalteoroani.m€in-
ioresar6din sisr€hul-O.N.u..e
continuop1696llroaanului rnon-
AI,COI|I]NI
ld
mondl.l || oomunlcstillor.
Srort cu mulliDloval€dlosdu-
crlivs. radioamalodsmul16 bu-
ln lara noashad6 un dso-
i.lafss in fndurllolinor€tu-
lul, tapt 6vid6nliat9i d. introdu-
c.r€a acasreidlsclplln6ln dndul
un evenflment: l9BB-
Arljtilt0ilrltAt
ln um6 cu 6 a.l a ioat smi-
$ ldo€t unul an mondialal co-
municaliilor,svinddr6ptobl6otiv
avLbfilhr.. r..ltsarllor .!.cia'
dral9l ln
r.. un i 1616l€mondiab cotn-
oletea oomunicatlllorh carsni'
m€ni nu va remin€izolaido co-
mlnilat€e loca|e,n4lonald *u
. Progr.mul anutui mondi6l
rsclama mobili2.rd luluror r+
3u.a€lor po6lbl16- linlnclare,
ifiH."l;liilpfsi nationalssut€d€ mll d€ tlnori
Acaasri actlvltst€ a cloetat in
,|z ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

16. I[tt[t
ultlha vrom€ o marc amotoafs,
lapt llultrar d. sxlltontai circ!
1500 ds c6rcurlr6hnico-6tllca-
liv6 6u p.olll radlo ti transmi-
llunl In car6,lub hdrumard 9i
cu lprlilnLilo,o.n6lor 3i o.oanl-
zttillor U.r.C.lsi dgsti$oErd.e
nvnaba 0611615000 d6 tlnori,
Cu o bogatAacttvii.tocompo
ltlonala, mbcarearadlosmitori
lor o3tslalonattst de.umofoaoo
m.nil.3tafi Slllnllllc6,simDo-
dosn6 n4lonars,3€siunldo co-
hunicii tl rol6rat€,3chimburi
de 6xp€ri6nt6,car6 au m6ni.ea
d lmbog6lgaso,bagajuldo cF
notrinl6 ar parliclpanlilor, se
rDlic6 c6l6 hai noi roallrlri, ae
dszvolloln ullhi insirda cooF
don.l.l€ Dractlcarllunoi s@rr
iohnlco-apllcrtivdin c6ln c6 mat
Ad6varstl 9unt€ a cunoat€.ii
intfs oamonl,pradicar€aradloa-
hsrorismului conlribui€,p.in
milroaco8p€cirlco,ti ta o mrl
bu.a cuno4i6.o li lnl6l696f.iF
116popo!.o, d6altl6l9i obloctrv
ar A.ului mondial,dlm6nsiunl16
rcllvirllii In l.ra no!!tr6 tnd o
Part6 Intog.lnG I nobfl.i asptr!-
lii PsnrrupE@ a poporuruiro-
mrn, 6rprimalcu cllriiato h cu-
tnlrrllo .6crer,arururg€mrlt al
partidului, lova.tBLrlIIICOLAE
CEAUIE8CNT.ln num€.me dG
cumonio d6 partid sl d6 siat.
Radloamaioflsmut,soort cu
impllc4ll in lcriviull socill-utit6
in va.iats dohdoii - trans@r
lurl, harini, comunlcdii, m6dl-
cini, m€t€orologi., scologi6 €tc.,
do rl3m6nsa, 30011al tin€rllor,
dar nu nuh3i .l lor -, .ehi.ro o
nobilaporrli 3pr6cunoebru 9i
Inlol6o6r6,c6 contdbli€In torma
lP.citlc6 ei la matariatiz!'sa
obi€ctivelorAnului mondlat .l
Do ob'cai,vlrnr st4htorcot6c,
tiv6 als radEamalonbr 3e ma-
soart d€ la data htrntarii to..
PonrruYO3KOA,sratia;otetiva
s Asoci4iei 3portiv6C.NF.-Ma-
gufe|6,a. rrobuitacuti o oxceo-
li6 dsoar6c6msiodatsa radid-
malorilo. slnt tin€ri, ia. orintro
cor mai pasion4i practrcanll5i
sporruruid$f4urat D€ unde e€
nuher6 murlr €tevrd6 tic6u ri
ch'ar d6 scoslAo€.erat6.
Cu 3odiurin tocatutund oBdi-
nil6, l6id gcoatdgrim6d,-und6
a prsdatti lon Stevici,9i nu d6-
Panodo locul und6Emin63cua
c.oar po€zia,,Lacut.,,Yo3KoA
numari pinein prdont 25 do ra-
dioamaroridulorizati,Etti33 c.16
au sbsolvitslahonul d6 6utori-
z!16tr, r. peBpoctiv.,inc625-30
ds viilori radrormston.er6 in-
c6p ln toEmnd,,uc6ntcia.,in re"
diotohnlc{,t6lograii69i vatic .6-
Aclivllat6eradioctubutui.6
do.r6to.r, ln mai muh6dlroctit:
hir6re ti psrtoctionar€rn tet$
grari€, radlotehnlci rsor6ticd3l
practlc!{consrruq'i,cat.l ll d;
pan!16) 8r chiar llmbi .rrdtn6
Prlntr6 i.skuctonj pasiona, 6l
Ir!ai rsdldmrrori cu €xmriernA
!6 numnre Emtt P6D..cu.
YO3FY,rtt lotdov.n. yO3czD
Dumlh alul.hd, Yo3AL.at;
l.n Harlrg.nu. YO3CU|, tAn
Lart .. YO3CUN.
Ooiars6 radioctub!tui, 16ati
zali cu lprlllnur F€d6r6isi re
mans d6 radloamato.tshsi rl
Conlruluin4'onst d6 nzrcdMa-
gurors,cupand6aoafrloca €mF
leloars-r6c€ptoa16d6 undo
scu1169i ulrrascurto,g6noratoar6
d6 s€mnatradiosi audto.sur$
ds alimenlar6siabttizlti si di-
v.r!€ 6116inrtrumontod6 md.uf&
9i conrrol, unelo d6 conltructie
P.intf6 panictpdrit€radioama-
lorllor do aici ls concurcurite
lpoflrvo organizars sub sglda
uacraoa a6 numarec3moione-
lelo n4ional6 po undo |icun6.
Irol.r,l ,,Ca.Dati, concuBUi
'Froarca
d6 min'', CuDa.fiin6
ru|". Nuh.roa8€ diprdn6 i!66tA
rotullrl€l€ m€.ltorii obtinulr in
acsatocomp€tiliid€ m€mbrii.a-
dioclubltuiYo3KDA.cu Dritdlul
18- ALMANAHUL TEHNTIJM

17. a
eilucdia
tshnisi
etinsrctului
viziiainoartrol. IO3KDA a avur
loc ,,bot€.u|"unor nol r.dlorm.-
io.l, fna.ul mabl.u slrunot. Flo-
rln O.ncls Qi .ubin6ln6rul
Oi.or!h. arcbru. adlca p mr
l€96tur.In €t6. dablllE cu Indl-
calivul 0roorio. 3i anirm6
YO3OFIrl, r.tp€cllv, YO3DFG.
Bucu.lt orlh.l lsollurl a lod
dubl.lA.l d6 Irorul-cahr6rldu-
lorul - un r.dioamdor buzolrn
- 16 Intartaada rubrtenllrlt lu-
cr.r6 pr.z.nlrt! d6 radlo.m.torll
d. la YO3KOAl. rc.ntul Slr
oozlonnAlonll .l radloemdorl-
lor, luor.rc Intltuhu Fn'. (b
b|nt|. hlurL ln *.d cu r3o-
n to.r. cu aj|n khntb.. con-
lrlbulndh domsnlullp.clllc d.
actlvlhla la llrglr.r del da cu-
Drrnd.rcr lcllunrlor d. r.cup;
rer6, raclclara Ql raullllzer€a
unorrubm.rmblurl!l p|nl com-
ponlni€ el. unor !p.fd. !l In-
lialatll, colocllvul rldloclubulul
YO3(OA oroDun. lnl.r.t!nt.
varlantede velorlllcaraa rdona-
lo.rclor dr .lrotur Drov.nll. dln
d€cllltrll u.or .chlprh.dlr
C.l mll fntr rldlormdor, DD
nbl Pulu,nu d€oltal€ vlora da
11 !nl. Ellv ln c|t!! ! lV-!. D!-
nl€l aal6do o€ ecumun ndloL-
logrllld d. porlom.ntl. O.cl l.
,oolla m.l.mrtlc! .!ir !. prF
mul plrn, l! redloclubdentle aa
lndrcipll rpr. cr6ill.. vlt :.1
ln lelagrafleQl pertaClon!rc!ln
d.nogr.ll. (n.c.{rl ponllu r.-
cadloneroanc!5l.lor r.dlo).
Cu o .ctFtrla :llnlc{, progra-
mul rudrocrubulul!. tucc.d. n-
guro! pontruInll.r.a In r€l6o.a-
tle cu Yo3nY. 6ntru t6tlc adlo
el lhbl ltrlln€ cu YO3ZM,D.n-
rru radlotohnlc{ cu YOgAL. o6n-
tru t€hniol d€ ltborllor cu
YO3CZDtl YO3CUNel p€ntru
radlotol.orill. d. oorlormantd
cu YO3CbW.
Dlncolo (b l€.11116ln oiof. d6
munc! plne d. !b.cg{lo tl db-
drr6 d60urd o6ntru lormirea tF
nonlor lldloamdon, d€ bogrtr
aciivita!. oho.llionllii in cac
dnt antron4ltln6rll,dnt d6 m6n-
llon.r prolecrol€ d€ vllror,
oroiecle co onor€62i col€ativul
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
ildrocrubululY03KDA.Prhi'6
!c€!t€. !. numarl orgenlz.r6. !
Incl doul carcurltshnlco-rpllo!-
tlv. do radloam.toriam lt car6 ir
u|ma $ Dlrllclo6 olovl tl !tu-
dorll d€ p€ platloflnrMigurelo,
rcillzaroaunul !i!i€m Dod€ctio-
nai d€ rniana, lPonroa ;€tr.l '
d€ apr6t6 oxllllnle In dol o cu
alroloa c{rcr cooc6rilo3l rsrlF
z!rc !a tle Int€gral !.nnat€ do
h6rnbrll r'dloclubulul (doalliolt
tn Drssnl r. .fq ,ln !tntl./' un
lrccv.ntmdtru), Nu er!8 daloc
rlp8lrd€ !.mniric€tb 9i faprulca
muncalldlodmrtorllor d. llcl r
tod lonllnlu .i..tiv d6 ctdrc
dln oonducorol F6d6r.ll6l to
nan€ d. radloamrtorilm,! In.tl-
tutululc.nlrul d€ llrlcA.. Conrl-
liului popul.r Magursl€.
Aut€nrlc c€ntru dr educdl6
iahnlct, da lormara8l porl€cllo-
n!r6 a llnodlor r|dloamliori, dt-
lla col.ctlv! YO3KDArdmlnoun
llocv€nl €xomDlud. omullti€.
un lnd.mn continuuapr6marlla
p.rlormlnl€, c6 nu pol ll oqi-
nut .ltl6l d6cti orln munct 3l
p.!luno, pdn dirulr6 eromplara,
drlbub liretl al€ tntrogllacllvi-
till a ladlo.marodlor.
,tE ALMANAHI.JL TEHNIUM

18. vril,invitam sa vlzitati
M Ztr.,TJ
Blogrelle unel tmportent€,
dar pulin cuno3cut6,instltdti
do educdliopatrto ct 9i cdF
lurt cum oat€MuzoulC,F,R.
incapoln 1939clnd acolt€ e
iolt IneuguralIn dteva 3dti
elo St8dlonututciut6€fl.ln
urma bombedamentolordln
1944pqine exponrt€eu ace-
p6t d6 IOC !l dlllflro€rg,
Rdnlllntetln 1b6g.cu oEazte
cent0narutui llhl€i
Eucur€9tl-Glurqlu,Muzeul
C.FF. meteriattziezAoonlru
vizli8toal!torta pertonitnEe
c6ilorl€rat6In obl€cl€,docu-
m€nte d€ €pocA, totog.aflt,
mach6t6qi recontlltulrl,Eoo-
poga lerovlare roman€aici
eparcg3lf6lla dlspoztllavtzt-
taiorllor, €vident fiagm6ntar,
dar erocvonloroanizElacro
noroglc ln marile 6tap6 d6
o€zvolar€,c€ au demonltrat
9i d€mon3treezeln contlnu-
ar€ capecltatoacrg6toar6a
poporului romen9l ln aco3l
domonlu,expr€316a Civallze-
liei der 9i izvor d6 istorie,
mom€nlforlll do culturd.dar
li instrumentde oduceti6oe-
lriotic!
O€ le clteva 6xponat6c6
gvoca lran3ponudl€ln enti-
chilet6ajung6mle pogtalioa-
nel€ 3l bOrllnel€lnc€oritrilui
d9 socolXIX 9l la d€haraiul
61ed|vet 6pop€rttero"iare:igr
31 oclombrle1889- ineuou-
rar€a pdm€i cdi t€ret€dtn l-arii
Bucurqll-Fllaret-Giurgh/,ur
matala scurtllmo d6 a doua.
Romen-llcani{15 d€cembrlo
186S).
ln MuzeulC,F,R.slnt €vo-
cal6, prln panouri, oblgcl6,
machol€, p nclp6lol€mo-
menloal6 i3torl6lunul dom€-
nlu prlmordielpontrurtirma-
r€a economicaa laiii -primelln16coNtrutu d€ inot-
neri romani (Buzau-MdA-
$6ti, 1881),Drimetocomo-
O.E,Rlive cu abur rcmanoaacatR€-
$lta, 1926),prirnstocomd vi
dl€3oFol€ctrlca(19€0),prtm,.rl
tronson f€roviar gtectrific6t
(1065),primul contetnsr ro-
men6c de m6re caDecltal€
(1970),reatiz8reaproaotiDutui
inotal4lol d€ comandt auto-
matAcu celculatoruld€ oro-
c€s {1981).
Prlndocumente,ectg{prln-
tre ca169i originetoat€flima-
nolor lmp€rlului Otoman),
obiect€dg mobilier,clrti slni
evocalemeriloflgun cleingi-
n€i, 3ava4t, togtstetortro-
menr cer6 au contrlbult le
progrcsulr46l6i foroviareIn-
cepindcu lon Ohtca9tllthall
l(ogalnlc.lnu, Ett. h.du sl
Angh.l S.lltny (cdr[,iei sja
Viziiatoril M!zeutui
C,FB.poradmira6teoan-
l!l auloFotorc6 svabll6a
dil6 lerato romanqti lll
v
9
eo ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

19. I
rezervatun sp4iu cu mobF
la€r p€rsonal,cani, obiecte)
dna la ultimele promolii d€
ingineri9i oamenide $tiinld
romani,care au impl€m€ntst
eleclronlceSi inlormaticaln
Proiectafea,conslructiile,
tohnologiileta treficul tero-
Penlru oric6 constructor
amator, pentru li€cars hob-
bist, Mu:eul C.F.R. po€te
constituiun popasinslrucljv,
plin d6lnvilimint6. D€zvolta-
reamFcdriiematofilord6 mi-
niconslruqiiloroviarc,a con-
structorilorde 14€16ds cii
feratein minialur69i a v€hi-
culelorsp6clfics,fapt dalorat
9i Put€rnicoir€l€l€ de for-
maroa cedrelorli spoclelbli-
lor din domsniu.indid eloc-
v6nl compl€xitat€eacliviti{ii
constructoriloramatorl.
Esta sulicignl si suoorim
ci o vizitl la MuzeulC.F.R
poatoconslituiun lertil lzvor
de inspk4ie Efl penlru cei
c6 mlnui6sclronul€l€le(me-
canic€, 6lectric€,
sl6cl.onlc6),der 9l penlruli-
latolbll {cere au la ind6mln6
Biroul96tuluids stati6,
mlcaro,lsleorat9i 0c6ta
feconsrrruiroumlnul16.do-
cumenlarad6 duz600r6tii
ds la Muz.ulC.F.R-
VeltitatooomottvA'Ce-rugaroni"c6 E psrcursta
mijloc!tsocotut!itr€cut
unul dintr6prim6t6dru-
muri l€roviaforomaneiii
rocomotivga lo3tpr6z6nia
tr 16anN€r3sr63cent6na_
.ului C,F.F 06 sc.sasi
rulABucurqii--ciurOiu
panouri cu tgmatlcll speci-
lice), penlru numism4l(un
panouc! medaliili plach6l6
inspirated6 evenlm6ntgledin
dom€niu),p€ntrucineamatorl
{nu oar6 soslrgaunui tr6nin
gara La Ciotat a Inaugurat
oticialarla a 7-a?).
Aulenlici l€4ie d€ istorie
9i sduc4ie patiotice (si nu
uitim tras€slg Bumbqti-LF
vez€ni,Salva-Vi96u,Dund-
rs-Mar€aN€agra,und6 tln€-
r6lul Petrieis-a id€ntilicatcu
momente d5 reterinl6 ale
conskucliilorsocialismului),
o viziti la MuzeulC.F.R.re-
mine o voritablh invit4ie la
cunoalt€fe, la aprofundarea
sensurilormajoreal6 dov€ni-
rii contomporanea palrioi,
(c.s.)
el ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

20. sooesssPromovar6asDodur,.oftehnico-aDlicativ6,
laptul cA modolisrnutcu clisctptrnet€9at6(esro. navd.aulo s' rachetom;detrsmi
capili clh c€ in c6 mar m!,lt precticantid€monstreazainia o data taotut ci
g€nsr4iatinire s3loanimetade proocuodiimaior€menlt€se contr'buF ta;arvot-
ras,mursrsaInr€r*uluip€ntru
"",""t".",
t;l3"n"i:,J"ilt'l3tn"jfl!
la d€lvoltaroasa tEici si inteloctualaermonioa3i
,Spon_lnclu!ln avrnlalullerg6t dllclpllnolordotateln lt6cer6an cu troio€l€Cu-
F'CrU,r,U,, moOat|amutcont tuteun 9$lonent 9 olocvsntsrqumontoontruo r€alF
Itla do naLgadult.ql Enumolaptuli,. Oonoratt6tlnilrdoatoD-6rmsn6ntracordagla
lluxlrl Olnamlcel prldtlrll lalo psntru muncil 9t vl8tl,
Anl€nall In cercurllo.ptlcettvoatoc.letor dc autturl,lco tor,Ins tr [or. ctu-
Durrrorlporttvo.a.cttedo mttd6 pr8c canltet mod€ amutit3tnt,o€ bunidrootato.
conlEar{l pr|cllctiill unor tporturl tehnlcocu mart velontoodiJcEv€. n€cersro
lolmirll lor.A!116l,nu ac poel€vorbtd6 eeromodoan laal;un€llnto lorlosle de
oo!€n tehntctt fElcl, nu 8o poetevorbtde rechetomodolbmttrt d orgoa ro ao-
floala h domonlulchlmlel,ltr ln c€e! c€ prlv4tc navomodalllmuloD un-6eor6ru-
pune,dlncolocl€Indomlnlreit mhuttoztteto,un bo!!t beoalt6orotlddln dLcto .
na|etehntcotundamantata.Electrontca,domgnludo-mar6inioroure, bt o6r6ti sl
In mod.rtlm un tarcn terod6 rptlcEb ttato.In pEgtne ce urmota ot,rtd nar dr
modollll clleveInlorcarnt€alrblaclo,nu numlt da m€dttelle,car! !6 Dotcon! tul
In adoviltla Inv]tdll la ..EllzArtprac ce, cepabflado p€.iorment.lnittc conform
oxtgarl€br ma tor concuturl.
56A
RAC+IETOTIOD
Rlchdornodalal€ o..u.nirt. ln
contlnuara tu lott orobct t. !l
l')(D. m.nldc In oldrul C.S,T.A.
- Suc..v! lllM doLa mod.to
d. p.rtonY|.nla cu c{.. anl out.
nul loculll h cat oo . S3A,Ci>
nchlDl€rulm.u lon Borcln .
oqlnur iot locut tt t. c.raoo.h
SOA, l! concur&t t|r|tor r-oct..
llrL drtlurrt || Sofi. ln
-Ei.nbrb 190C,,. .chtD. outd|ij
locul I lS3A)tt tocur (56A) h
EtoFtN roDoFtoc,
m...rFu .r .EoFrutul
' Condrucli! c.tor douanodel€
aal€ lo.rL llmpla, dupa cum ur-
- tubut aa .xccuf dtn doul
dr|lurl d. ttrtla D.ntrucd.oort.
s6,i al dl. bd- d.0.8-t-hn
P.nl.u criagorh SgAi
- conur dln l€mn dl bdla vt
- In t t (b ghtd.rodtn tibta
('. lrumintu & 02 mm:
- !rlplo.r.l. dln tomn do
Modllul Fniru cltogorti S3A
€ata r(t!.ilc cu c€l o€nlru SBA,
dngur! dll...4a llhd tuoglh.,
Sirlm.rul .. va ox€curtdin t+
llo maiallrall olidl aib tonru d.
ar|nat rl, avlnd rumrtut mt.im
de t/10.
Pff4uir 3!t conl€ctlonati
dln lolL dc poll€tibneavlhddi!-
mairuld€ 7@ mm3l a3loor6v6-
zuU cu 18 luloanto,
O nootrt. ln m€tod! ds prin-
daro . r|o(l8lulul d6 abtemut d€
r-uD.rlr6 0 condllule €llmln&
r.a allrliculul, &a.t 3i!t m fltnd
lnlocult cu o Cl dubL do tioul
c.l.l loloolt€ l! ctzntrta
P.otru voDllroa Olraulat !6
v. lolo6l 1ll dilud cu .taoot lb
llllc.
tc ALMANAHUL TEHNIIJI'

21. v
I
-'1
1
0,
1
ALMANAHUL TEHNIUMc3

22. AUTgTilgDEtDEUIIEER
a*,/o d
.-....-
ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

23. 7
I
Egt'tglgBDE?,5cH'
tu.thg.C|OCIANUNEOELCU
>_-:-:-JL-<-_:-z=
Qtu-Ead...
4"L(o t/,)
ALMANAHUL TEHNIIJM

24. AUTg}TgDEt
Aolomodalut pr€!.n!!t |!cc
p.n. drn cttego.t. eL'tomod€t.-
|or cu rrrqtun€ p. roru (plnku
El .rta Pr.varut cu 9!iru rotl
tl aq|ond cu un motdr cu rts
d.r. hl€rnl (cu ptaion),T.rn&
mra|| r. rac. dlract..u orthr.-d
Pulle l! un! !!u mlt muitardt.
contactut rol or cu totut tr;
bul. .a lormda uh dnrptunohl
.|u un rr.par p.rat.t.
uoncutuflb !. d.6ta!otr{ D.
prarac'rcular..tacht rmen!t.i.,
rtrld un_dllh.!ru d. 18 tri,
uronra vfia:ctor rohitv m.rl
c.r€ $ ouln ln concurufinrh
l3o !l 320 krvh), contt'udi!
unul lulomobll d€ vtiara dib
nulil at {la fl prlcap.raln O.F
vqr pnacrzr.td. d.cut. !t !
c.rlialrl md..htotor !to!ir.
Caro!€rla aria comoola dtn
c.rc.$ Inbno.rt, r..ltzrta dtn
dur.lvmlnlu, mrt6rt!t lror !l
rolri. rdlal.nt, ll crrcr!! oi
r10.rl. c. .. .r6cuu dln t.inn
l|u drn mr.€ ot rilc..
C.rc..rL tnbui. d libr o
torml $rodlnlrntct !t luDrata!
.rr. o.rabln ludruhrpanrru'.
nu oPUn.nazL!.44 ta lnatn||r6,
u. .ram.n4, clrca!€ r.bul€ !i
&oP.r! cu ntct .xcatl to.t€
m..mblurll€ .ulom6d.litul
Moiorulpo.taatlno.turtttldo
25000olnal! 30m rovhl.. l.r
rotll. molo.re dnl lr t5m
In cr:ut fiod.tututoreinltt,
lr o vll.zi do 230knvhtuldtd
rolllor molorr. 6do d€ 15251
rovmln,lfi a fiolorulul6atad.
26070 rovmln.
Acartaturattttmouno acht,
br.r. torne buna! volant.lmo-
lorulultl ! rolllormoioar.,op€-
rl|ll c6.€ pod. r€illre Drln
.chl bnr. dlnaFlcttl .rocr4r.
oP torulmoror.!i! o ptrght€
cu llolorul olrelt in iihDul maF
lulul motorulpoatoll oi i, p.tn
tvangurlr.| conductl do all-
moniar€c|l combustlblta moto-
rulul.Er rllmlnoln ataracarc!!€l
cu 2(F30 mm !l | l€ ood6 mo-
dlllca dln m€rsDozltialn !€n!ul
opririi ,llm€ntlrll moiorutut.cu
alutorurun.i metun.
Pinl€nulk€bui. !a rdnlna
dollupr! rclulul cu cca 5 mm
clnd ,utomodalul s.t6 6€zat D.
51. A.3 roluld6 almDlodlci ds-
tumar€! a'€lp.t6 a eutomodalu-
lul la d6ma.d. putcmlc6rt .6t€
pr.vazul la oarl.! ilnala cu o
p6cqa dln mriorlal dur, ral.-
DEUITEZA
E3 ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM
Mod.lul Prs€obt In con nu_
116 €llo ld€rl ponrru ret6co-
mlnda F1a. Et Fo.ra fl lbordat
anr d. attr. lnc€ptto.i, dt sl
lvin.dr, cu dtv.r.€ lotutit co;
Corput!€ vt r.! zr cu co.ar€
dh prrcal acoP.r[. cu beghoto
uu cu pecal d. r mn. Nu €x_
crud6m po.ibllltarer 6xecutrnl
corP'rluidh libd d€ titc|.i lsrr
ch|e. din llbti d. !trn{ d€
iii#l
*
"*.
dr.drm.d6
P€nlrucorclrtta ct€Inhbro !€
.€comendl rc!ru 1 | 50, d.r o.n-
rru av!n.41 !car! d. conttric .
vr ll .Lrd Intr. t :50 .i I : lO.
p€nlru I Pui.. r..lz. ioit. dat!-
r|no cu rcurltcta. Flnd ioin.
comporl, ic€ata o€lcldoeru !r
purer conalltul o mrchcu d.
In.lu llnuu chhr p€.tru concur
lurrra Int.rndionat€. .vtd6nt
comPrclalacu datrritat un doall
do-documanl4l. co.r,.punzator,
Fnnctprt.t. dtnonaiunlcon-
.rucllv. al€ lco.rut ip da o.va
Lungrm€.....................26.2h
!41D. .........................7,2m
Ilsl -- ----- ........2,7h
Yrcza,- - -,-.._._. I hodurl
Ecnrpr1,,.......,,,,,..7 o!h.nt,
F.nvu con.rruqb vom rt€o.
o rc.d conv.nablL,adadll| It-
pulul d€ moior,tt .cumijtatorr.
drapontbtt..S. tr{r..c co|!iat.
|l &4ru conv.nrtatt 16 d*u-
9.!zi p. contur. 56 dlcup.lrt
aporIl lnr.nor, ttut.d o lrodma
a conrurutur(tr 12-15 mfi. s.
mo.i..rd po chttt 3t !6 lF
clahra. Monuu bldh6t.tdr
-
clal.l Monrll.| b.ghd.br ..
tll€|o., .e oambr..rr' bofii.tul
bc. arrolmtrv,t. b.b;.d at.p;l
In rnDord,p.niruI nu Droduca
ro6bn€r.t chit.l. Dupa piro.
n|€|o., .e llambb.tt bofd.tul
dh plrcal .l€ 1mm. 56 !t€fu-
|elb rPol inlr€outcoro.$ tue|elr. rporJntr€outcorp,!€ aco-
p.r! cu rron tt 6md |! !.u untr €m||tl|l lau un
.n ttp d€ ctol cu u&!ro raotda..|r np.d€crorcu u&lro raptda,
s.. cnrurqF 9t .Pot a. tt€tu_leio. S€
'nonir.rt
rubutfun;
lrc€ 9l arul clnn.t, C|btn! !.
6r€cuu dtn trb| ct !t.mt d.
:j lfl#" '"
m.t.r'r pr.ltc

25. ffi'g
ALMANAHUL fEHNIUM

26. {:
I
=
N
]t_
EB
ls L E la la E ]r ]r lr lr l, lr f1 bl1
ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

27. ALMANAHIJL TEHNIIJM

28. I'ICTIONAN YO,
(DUPA
..8!drocomuntcqitb int16 stati_
r€ o€.naiori dtn trri d[€riis
ant lnt€.ltsa daci admtniltrdE
!n6|l dtn litrit€ln caurt sFa no_
nncar dol'cordul
Clnd .lnt t.rml!6. rranrmiltu-
nrl€hl.6 .trllile d€ amaloridin
larl diLrrt€ trobul6$ 36 |acntn
lhbaj clar 9i !a !o llmiio:€ t!
m63€i€d€ ordlntohnic.a$nd t6-
galu.aou lncorclrl169, rcmarclls
cu caracrerpur p€rson.l!r crr€,
drtl tilnd ihDortant.tor lctzuu,
nu lulllflcn rccLd96..atr !€rvF
crur oubrrcd. lolocohonlcrrll
E8rsrblorur Iniezt. !6 s€ iU -
:ez€ rLtlllc rlo .m.torl D€ntru
lranrmliare! d. comunlc4ll ln-
t€rndronaroorov€nindllu dr. -
nr|€ |a lsio osrloan€.
Ollpozilll. pr€c.d.nt6 pot tl
modllicds prh arlnlament.o!r-
llcuhr. lnlru !dmhl.trrti[€ ian-
Orlca o€r&lnl c!r6 dor6!!
.. oqln! o aulonz4b p.ntru a
mrnevmrolrlialo unsl ltdll d6
rmrlor trabui! $ doved.lld
leplul c! .ar. .ptl D.nlru r.an&
mlt.r.! mrnurla cor.ctl !r m.-
vu .ac6plronerc! corocta d€
ieie ln !.mnala al! codulul
Morlo. Totu,l ldmlnllintllts t.-
i6rat!1. Dol d nu .€clrmaaolt-
caf ecerr€l prolcrlplli dic6
€ar. vorbad€ ddll utllldnd €x-
clualv ti€cvonl6 hll man d6
30 MH:.
Puigrurmaxlmlra! rrdtttorde
.malorl .6 sl.blleatod6 oai.o.d-
mlni!tratlll6 Int.r€!rr6. tlntnd
.6ana de lptlrudlnlt€r.hnta6at6
op.ruroriror9r condllll6 in cll.
dc6ai6rl4ll tr6bui6!a lunctlo-
Pui.rc Do ii€carc dal! dnd
..to m.ntlo.atn outor€a unul
€mnabf radlo3lsctrlc 6tc,, €a
lrobul€ .xprha|! .ub una .ttn
rormolod6 mlr lo., lundie ds
cla!! do smllluno,ullllzlnd!lm-
bolunl6 arbitfarclndlc.id
- Pulof. da vid (PXsau px)i
- putorc m6dl6(PY sau DY)i
- putofo la curtntoare {Pz
P€ntru diisrllo cli3e de smi-
rluno, rapoan€l€lnlr. oul€roada
!lrl, pulsroq m€di€ 9l pulerea la 0' 8
730
5
230
3
o'
coNvENTrAUrT- 1973)
purliloar€,in conditiit€tunctio-
nirli normtl6 9i ln rb3dntamo-
dulalloi,sint Indicat€h ivizot€
CCIR, car6 pot ll uiitizlts c€
gl'!id.
In lormuls,dmbotut,,0,'Indici
pui.fsa in wcr rl rlmbotut ,,P,,
put6r€lrn d6cib.ti rctattvdt! un
Pui.r. .b trl (. urut .|drai.f
i.dlo.hcth): M6di! out€ni iuF
nlzarsllnlol.d3alim.ntarca .nr6-
n6i d€ calr. un 6hl or ln lunc-
lonaro norhald ln curuut unol
cicru d. r.diotr€cv€nl6oorer-
PundF.mplltudlnlimaxlmoa iF
v€roD.ld. modlldla.
Put r. n.dl. (r uaut irrtttor
r.dloaLclrb): M.dta our.rti luF
nl2al6linlald6 atlm.ntaro! ant!-
n.l do cairc un amiatortn func-
llonrrs normel{,.vrtudt p. du-
rr|l unul Inlorvard3 tlmp ralalv
lu.c In raDoricu o6rlo!d! com-
Pononleldo modul4i6 cu lr€c-
v.ntr c€a mll loe.t.
llmp untv.?irt coofllonat:
Noul re9uhm6n!elrldlocomunF
cdlllor Dr€v.d. lolollr.i ln .ctt-
vll lll. int rndlonlt. d6 radtoco-
munlcalll a lhDului coordond
(UTC)ln locurthputljt .ot.r m.-
dlu al n..idlanutul Gro€nwtch
(GMT).Cel€ c. urm6.ra - .r-
lr'l€ dln docume.t.to CC|R -
llnt d€ nalura!i pr6rtntocon.t-
der€ntlro c.r6 au condlt t. o
In 1967,d.tlnrtlaalontca! !o-
cundol .l!i.m6lo. l.t rndlonrl.
d€ unll4l (Sl) ! lolt ta oiigin..
un6rrmpontnt€hurdit: tracord
d. la rna&rar.a tlmputuialtro-
nomrcr! c6. a limDululrtomlc,
ane ln lurur utui 1876.cctR
i-a ocupatln hod actlvd€ dott-
nlroa unul liatoh intornallonll
d. t|mp alomic donumil tamo
unlvorc€raoordonat(uTc) si db
sp€cllicrll! In doratiu,d|sooit o
nac€r.ro ponrrupun€roain aDll-
caf. a iimpuluiUTC lr scsraIn-
In mal6d3 d6 coordonaraa
s€ruiclilorde 36mn.l6orarc.Dro-
916o16obllnut. grutt€ rr€codt d€
ra lrmpul |'tfonomic fa tr,tul
atomlctlnl conlldoEblle.Un6r6
acii d6 tlmp uTc rtabih€ d€
lorvlcillod€ lsmntl. 0r.16dlibra
lnn.- 6t6 cu m.i pulh d6 1Jqa,
uupl un fimP.6t.tiv &urt po
car. Fru lu.t lucrilrit€m6r ic
nrr€ mai !ul, !-a dun! prin ur-
mrr6 |a 0 hcnrtitudingd6 mai
mull do o ml6 d6 ofi mrt mic!
dodl c€. dh.i.te. D6i imor6-
lronanio,r6:uh.r6t6oblhur€ nu
rllpund luflciant corint€toraoti_
c4illor mod.rn6, tond.i. 06
!116 d€ trmp d€ hihi Drcctzio.
s. conrtlil o lo!.t. pute'rntct
csllro prrv|ndun nou !l!t.m d6
dlturlr. a lomnEl€ioromr., cir.
rit p€rmlt!,h o !c!ra mondiaE,
comprra.oalhDului cu o inc.r
liludin. mal micl d. O,l !!. O
!%gflHn:g5sl,i:ilit:ll€mln.i lrlbm tl d6 i tlcllta
Inlroduc€rca.. .ecuol.d t6 a!-
TlmpurUTC ! to.t Introdu!In
anul 1872 Drl. lvlzul CCIF n,.
460 r.l.rltor Ia €ht!tun[. d.
r.cv6qe d.bn 5l de !.mnal.
rn enur1075Cont€rtrt. q€n.-
En o€ o.rulllr tl maluri . r*c
m.ndir rimDulUTC o! bazad6
Anumnot^rt au prcnutg.t ddt
.or 160rr. mat.rt. de hb tn
c.r. llmpul ls€al nu !o mli ba.
zsa'l p€ mput roter mddlu t!
cf3"5TY'.Sl?8i#i:1,,i,i,tft.. 016cu mai DUin da o .€-
conda,m6rti.t. tor .t.r toin6 dF
t nl6 dnd 16 dorc6i6mtlonre
.pr.cr!aa thputut, uTc 6.t€ d€-
tln[, lar In nuh.ro.!€ !motir.-
m€nro- chiir lh.dt.t dt..iontbtl
H B
D
30 ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM
12'

29. a
cu o inc€rllludln€malmlc! d6 1
,6, lpro d€o$bh d€ mai mulrs
h!, dl malo.rl incorliiudin€!
in€r6ntii dr|3minanl nmp'il'ri
'l-
Unltate! lcid d6 timo UTC
€.t6 !€conda sl, oars .d(i unlt.-
i3a lhpulul l6galin nuh€roa!€
tAri. D€@r€c. mr !€ dltuzodA
d6dt lamnaro orar€ UTC at tr€c-
v€nl€|. dalon .!ocld6, &arr d.
timp UTC e lolt !l.!!a d t€r
vo$ct |! r.l..lnlr gsnorllap€n-
lru limDuloilclal,o..cumtl D€n-
tru lo!l. r.rvlclllo Inler.dlonrlo.
ORA+OCATOR:Sldani g.atic
orln cera a€ oo!t. d.l.rnln. cu
uturfn|l Poiqr. g.og.lticl !
u.6i .ttlll d. mdldn.tor.
Carolrlol o€ h|rtl .at€ .Lc-
tud dln 2 tn 2 grld. p€ m.rl-
dle.€ pl.clnd d. h m.rldl.nul
zoro (gr..nwlch) tl dh gr.d ln
o.rd p.olru p.rilda ploclo(l (la
la .curtor. Fl.o.. Dltr.t ..rirl
d.t.rmlnd (pnmlr) 'ir. In corao-
Po.d.4a dool lll.r. {tlc. l).
Flac&o ollrat orlmlr ir!. lm-
rlilt ln 80 d. mlcl oltrde !t
cundlt€ (E Pav.rllc||, 10 p3 orF
zonlrl, ilg, 2), nolet6cu clk d€
l. 1 lr AO.
L. tlndul .lu, tl!c!r. Darrlr
. !!cund!r .!i. dlvlzlt ln I phr.le
ql nolrta cu llt.r. d. h a la J,
Un d.mplu d. QFA rl u..l !ra-
lll d€ .|dlolmrlor NEaIC elia
dd h llgurus,
60
30
52'30
3730
2230
15
730
0
4836242
31
CKI D}
Yr-iir lar ler cl iv'
as en jLl'-
Ac Bc lcc
A€ gA JCE
r ^^ lDc
BC I ue l,--
I
01 a2 03 04 o5 06 07 08 09 l0
l1 15 16 17 16 19 2A
22 24 25 26 2A 29 30
31 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 40
42 43 45 46 47 4t) 49 50
51 52 '53 54 55 58 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 86 67 6a 69 70
71 72 73 74 77 7a 79 80
24 36 44 12
ALMANAHIJL TEHNIUM

30. t
I
3
R,rl
BI
El!
ili
i,lili
liti'lt
fi;
l
I
-
Lq00
I
I
Mt<1 Mk2
zgsi-

31. cll, ||racanloll,p.lpagarll unCG
lor alacliomgnalloa, ah., nal
Daarua.al und ailludlnla lun}
lor ..llll lnll| o.m.nlfl .l pd]
Lnlal.
nadbanralorlamul.In ftaltl
llmp, Drlnlo.fiah tal. aL or!a.
nlr.h, pngltiL lln.rl .l.vl tl
nuncllorl aDaaa aLranl bunl
.p.chlld ln p.!(tuq|., |r|lll .o
cl.Ulll tl llrll lh io.L .ltu.lllL.
l-s; t
RADIOA]|IA
lnmemorlam
l9B5-1989
DUPA,,RADIOUNIVERSUL"
cercgtarg c€ro mai 0€rt€ctlonel6
3lau la lnd€htna corc€tllonlor
fl 16 |aur.|z! .!rctna. Trobuie
!e r€cuno+t€m ln$ oi dome
niul und.lof scuds a tolt totollt
prlma oaii d€ cAtr€ radtol.; r
H'r,S,,3l'1"?''f%',1#,'.0orobururpemht6lc .u .€rdtit
murl mal rcpsd€,aca$ti Dro,
bbme. Fl.zultriat€lot tt Driv[o
cu mir6 inc..der€, irooar(ia ot!
Strld.nla d6pG5 d6 rldioa-
malorl psntru a Invln96gf6uin-
til. cu carc au avul d€ luDlat
chlrr d€ la lnc6or,rla loat 06 d€-
plln le8pullti, rrdloamatorllr&
Elnd * Cor€dlalo6 lumli in-
tllgl rodul muncll lor. Adaz| €i
sFau asioulalun rcoGz€ntanlln
' aomi6iunil6 lnr6rnslional€c6*
t€ pe4lru ltudiaraati lolqbha-
r6a luluror ch€3liunilo.ln l69s-
-
lurl ou und6le ol6ctromagn6-
lc€ lnt.€buinlat€ca nilloc do
Pnmul lolor sl munclrrudioa-
maioilor a lod ins{ll tnlrcbuin-
larsao€ o lcart dln oaln c. mal
m!f. a -und.lor lcuri. panlru
36rviclil€r6lulat€ de transmi!l-
unl 6l.ctromagn6tlc€.Nu wsm
re spun.m Din acoasta ct do-
m€niul ondolor lcurts nu ar li
bd gns[ utll d€ cti.3 maril. la-
borllorrc, unds mlllo!c616d6
atun
sg rlll|nF'S$*-*'.1,.r|l!S*r:,1tli ALMANAHUL TEt tNlrJ r

32. au lotl v6nllcel.d6 n numaratl
rtd|oahttori Qt p€ntrudf€rtrb
condlr'rnrdap.oprq ..
Lr nol In iad ln lelnr
1938-1839,clnd oot.iutdlltru-
!..€ llnlll€talalorilco,riallunaa
unrrltdln rmrioril noetrlit lolt
htrabulnllla oonlrucomunicE
llll. otlcl.l. l|cur. ditorlrolor
Avntul hdtoamatorlclaacrr
prlnd. In apachltln.rctul.do-
larcant,condllulndun bun !l
iolo.llofmlllocd!.ducatl. a
roaalullinar.l, p. car. ll ru&
traoaCamullaorld. b rltaocu-
Erx
In tg24.. rc.llr.ul or|mrt.-
gllura rrctolataorlttoaEurotr.
amarloa,lntlt rnatofrl wlMo
dln w.$lngton tr FIAB dh
Nrar,oa o tunclmada unditda
olro.100m,Tdtln le2{ rnriorll
raqaaoal coloaracllr. lndala
p4il c. l-a.-put ! lndotta Oa
cit orail.. In .l6d d. !c6iri!.
rrdlormlronl, llhd grup4t ln
rlodalir, dozvoltd ln .ufl.rul
rcalor linsi rlmtamtntut d.
pri€tsnl.0t do dirctolni, rit rL
grou d. lmpus la trat! t! clra
lolI doralc .. s! lmounA.
Trcbulo 3l amtrittm,d. anF
non€a, hptul ce radtolmirortl
t9i ln!6arc cunc€llnl6l€n*F
!116 9l lac otoctlv tnc.rclrl !!r-
prr lucrurrlorlnvltlt., n .ttnt d.
nin.nl, docl p..tru propri! tor
Plac.ratl pe proprl. lor chattu-
l.ll. A.upra Lnomanclorob.aF
vat al dl.cud cu colrglt tor mll
lpidlrbii In-;fad-i.;;;:
r. orranr.cuurt, lhflun. rltn ottcaocazrLil,rtirrunrriii
m|l.n.lul d. argarlmanhr.ilm|l.n.rur d. .rp.rtm,nhrr il
trturor,r|dlo.mdo.ltorp'ortatl
tntnoutnlrtrnn-roimrhi-rJipantriJ
-navottaohtan flhd
dlnc.ln c.
'n.l
mtct- lo 30.l
chlrr 20 m - atrbl nd m/toi-
In 1926, cunoacl/lut hdtor.
mator .n!t.! o2MM dtn catar-
hlm I r.4rl .l abllaaaOlo l."
garur, radrotot.tontclol/ Nour
z.a|!nda. und.t. rmi.a d! !or-
rur .ru .u trrcrfr o dt.t.ma d.
rplor|m|lrv 20@0 kn, .r.bithd
r.lr.l racordullumll.Un rn m.l
frlru x hc prtn.ra Inc.rctri da
I
P/.aora pl636 toatralo 3l numorc
d6 valotlti tranamb€iriroctdtn
toatr6.Ailt cor d€monrlntit d€
dansurinol, pL4ht O.6trraflh€
cultural6.Psnrru toti ln36 .!io
6gardrcA snud6..! 16 tacoortn
clarnlcilau creir ce
FlECoFlEtuFlt
Pantrucomunlc4 e rrDtdr,t.
lou dl.tanla lololhd un *hr
Ptm. rcdu!, rmrtoril .mon-
clnr ||r un con.td6r.bltlDort ln
ulllmultlmp Llcrur rora tdrr rrt-
mul.i prin concur.urltBora.nl-
zrla ln.todlc d. catr. orotitr.-
|. r€.p.c{v., 8.vt!ta lhatort-
ror c.trtorni.nt,,,F!dlo",tn nu-
marul l|'l din not.mb.i€, n.
tluca v6at . p..tormtnt€l r.t-
rrzrr. (t. cudnd d. cttr. rmrtc
I WSOZA!r W6M|(8.c!t. ;u
nrcui o regtturl p! tr.cvsntad.
rrz n.grctcri (2,7 h), fllnd dt.-
lanl4l cu 400 km unul d6 ahut.
Pontru YRn va fl d6ci ht6re
ra.i d6 poment 9t cavr d€sDr€
proprgarar p. band! da 7 Mc
{40 m). n.vbt! 'R!dro" oublrcr
obrarvrllunlle .mriorutul
wgBNx (Mf. E.H.Conkltn),c.r.
alabllei. o coreloondodi !,.r
l.ctl lnt.! numtrut p.ralo. .o,
rlrs tr tr€cv.nlt p. c!r. !a oot
roelizr l.g6luri d.pArtlt. (dx),
P. crr€ o d.nuh6ts ,,lrocv.nia
crllicl", Oltqrum.la p€ crre la
roproduc. arala lnlluent! o€
c.r. o ru p.t.t€ !ot!r.. Otnac€-
rd{l dlaoram. lo ved. ctt d6
lu.llllclu ..ta propaOrroa.x-
t.aordtnar6p€ 7 Mc, de clrs
!-du brrcur.lrmatorllln to.mn.
rnl]lul 1935,lucru p€ car6 t-a|n
gllc.pr4l. tn t |Ut .0..t!, .l
'{ung riapo.U tt Int..butnr. a
rrd|otrt.gra4tt aau cr tdhnF
crlnr Drncpragttttl,Onl c! !t io.
al.lxl .. trc n.vola !a ch.hu-
rrrcl bmt cu Qco aru lltartl
p.hrru &tt .ltqun oar.onlt ln
caz d. n.caltirta rp.ctata,
lorc! l|und ctnd lU nevot. d.
un numlr..porl de |tttal da
s*ffi"ffi#"rdin Angliaa p mit un ch8stionar
#,"",,*,,1"",,""","1,,"-pa.lintr691o'{amaloriti9% Pro-
lorionbli, l3 consta6 ce, h 9.-
n66l Dubliculo6l€.alislacutd6
lslul qrm 16 alcgtulGscp.ogra-
mele.ln c€€ace DriveBleorele
rint6l6 eritate d6 amatorl. oi
cu lnlrobiri r€leritoare la alog€-
rsr programelor.Din c€164000
#ffireffiir..,3.1 " -]9J-Tli .1,LMANAHUL TEHNTUM

33. L_lel!14!19
lF-relllll.l
g&fi*
REACfiE
o
,
t0
IN MEMONIAM
x'&t{li{sfr"tu#{ngn$anrltltl'tiifl*qt
lm{b[-{hrn ptxqnq$qtr.xn',la*';i{io#l.r. un lub radf.ror, 0l
Publlc.l !016 rll|!ilul d.c€-
nlllul a In B.dio Unlvlllul .a
caDtorulallturrt, 4i cum ..1!
orirz.ntattl ln tlllu, to!t. ti con-
druil 9l tolollt cu r.zullila bun.
ullllrlndpl.|. rccup.rri..
l. 6a.n1l,6atovorbl do !n ra-
dlof.coplof crl raa4lr c. llrrl-
m..l h allill d. rrdiolr€cv.nlA
o D6nlod,€un ar li EF80rEF6,
6IILA
Eobln€ladnt conalrulta
lru grm.l. undelorlungltl
dil ln l.b!l ..t. lndlcrta r
l[!ta, dar poal. li tolor
drmACuEm0.1
ALMANAHUL TEHNIL'M35

34. 1,NOlrUNtASTFONOMTCEGENERALE
sorrol. ..1. lltu.t In c.nttut .t.tomutut Dt.netr. dtn @ro tlcap.na tr Paixnrur.aco.ta .. Invt.tqt. In lurut so...tut Intr_on!n.
latacitovadatet!ndamonlae dosproSoare
Ol.rrnlr trla de pimtnr
hrttoc€ . .. ... ... .. .... 149,6mit oanokm
.. 1521 mrloane km
14/,t mrtoanekm
In rh4h del de rerEte tdd d. ptmt e[ptkir _ 8u 4a!o"
aparenl.. ..... .... .... 3159.
(eat . . .. .... . 1.392mrtioanekm
Volumul ......... 1,412 lOiBkmr
M6.. .. 1 99 rO! o
Den.it to. mllloclo I 4j oTcmr
acceler4l. Eravll4ler ts !upr.t4r 2/ 3c-8.r ,
Dur.r, medl€. ror4bl
-:t_":!"! ?!{.ie
vxers Dlrcarlt t4d d. .r6b|e .pro-
prrre ....... .... ......... .. ..... .. tg.4 km/s
Luml.ozbre loi.6 3,86 1Os efgs =
= 3.86 r0r kw
P€cD, .r. iupr.i46 .olad ..... ... 6,35 10,0
erg/cm,s = 6.35
kw/cm2
Con.l.nla.0l!l5 . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . 1.374 106
erg/cmrs: 1 97
cd/cm /min -
1J/4^Wm
Tlpul 3petr.t . ... ... ... .. G 2
T6mperdtunei.cflvi ... .... .... _.. 5 OOOK
P6nlru d aprecia c6 repf€z nta
acoslo date lLndamonlsl€, ci
l6va dplrcalr 5i comparai sint
n6cosare varalia dislanle
Soar&Paminl se €xp ica pi n
lordra eliprica a orbitei acestura
drn urna. dislanla minma nind
cea drn penhelu (incepLt!t l!i
rulre) Diameiru rear a soaretul
nrrece de 109,24de or pe ce a
Tenei sr eslechiar de 3.6 or mar
mare d6cir drstanla Paminl-
L!na Vo Lm!l Soaretu intrece
de crrcar 3 m lioanede orivot!
m! PaminillQ, lar masa soafe-
lli intrece de 333 mir de ori masa
Pamint!lur Densitatea Soaretul
mafe decir a aoer.
dar nu rep.ezinta decil cam 1/4
dD densrlareamedrea Pemintu-
ur un corp aluns Ia s!pralala
Soarelu af cintaride crr.. 2A dF
or mai mlll decit pe Tera, dalo-
nla acceleraliei qravrlalie, mutl
sporiIa. Pr n constant, sotara se
i.lelege ca.riat€a lotatlj de .a,
d 4ie so ara care cade pe o su
prarala disp!sir perpendicutar
pe reere solare la exlerorut at
moslerer terestre. la drslanla
In ce6a ce prv€$te roralia in
turur propne axe pe care depta-
sarea pereror solare o pune in
evidedar, ea este de 27 de 2ite.
dar aceasla este rotatia sino-
dLca €ci r_nacesl timp st Pamin,
36 ALMANAHrJL TEHNI]JM

35. ral. davln bun. conducttoaf.
de alaclrlcl|ll€ a1 !6 comporlA
ca nl!i! ogllnzlln clr! dnl r.-
ll.ctrta undala ndloolactllco
duol Incld€nla,lltltudlnaa, ln'
cllnlraa, dolomltllla tl donslt&
lae ltrllulul, undr rullactau
port! lllnqa un Punclloarlaln-
d.olrld d. ltdlr amliltou..
Fracvori.l! nu .. rull.ct| Tn
mod ldanllc,Pontruundaled'
clmatrlc€,flnomcnul InctP. !a
lla dl.lul dc blnacunolcul!r dl
mul tlmD aa Dubllcl Pravlztunl
d.ltul da .xrcia ala ProPlqlrll
P.nlru undalam.trlca,da nu'
mrl 20 da anl ru loal conaltlrla
rutlaxllD! ruforalabor.rlt ll Pa
.t|!turlla aoorudlo!E, daf Incl
nu aa oot lt|blll pfavlzlunl
.xictai ., ltla numll cl rallaxl'
ll. .lnt fill lr.cv.nt. In tlmpul
!nllor da lnt.nll actlvllrl. !o-
lrrl tl r.c.nl a-r rlrbllll ca alra-
lufll! lporadlca Poi ava! lll.
lut a"! d6Dl!!!t po orbu, Rota_
ll. .ldorald6!ta d. ecaaa$n!F
5tt mal mlcl. Toloddi, sorr.lo
nu .o fot4l5 ca un coD aolld,cl
c! vllaze dlLfll!, dupl ltlllu"
dinl.
in 1951! lo.t d.lcooorlla r.-
lltl! lntr6 vrrldh dlurnAa d€c!F
nil.l mlgn.ilc€ 9l lllr clci!lu
!.,tar d$€nd Dnma proDa I
.l.cl.!or caoilrica lmPo4anla
.1. ectlvlUlllSo.rolul.5a ltl. c.
lmoortanll au rcarla €iootr
Dlnlru acilvl!l€a rrdlormelorl_
lor tllndca.16 Inll!.il!.:l Pro_
ololraa undaor rldlo P, !u-
bdht. goarllul ru loc itacvanl
irugtll, .l! lllnd .trJn! l.g.16 dr
clmpurllanrgn.tlca rla contru'
Acalt. .ruptll produco radla-
ll. fldlo.l.clrlcl complox,9lo
;mld!n. lnt.nsA ir dom6nlul
reralorullrlvlol€taalX Ela€mll
da $.mana& fadlalil corpu&u-
m,larsi 1626 co3mlco (6n6r9ie 10
M6V pind la 10 GeV) !i parlic!16
aurc@16(6nergie sub 10 k€v)r.
F;..T
.....""" .i.crur ooppr.r
, k.v {krro-.r.crbn-volr)..ie
.n..01. comunlo.il unui .l.ckon
.c@l.r.lvd. o dlldrlt d. pohnlhl
M.v (m.sFl.clr*,od) 6t .nd.
El, cMunlc.il unul .l.clro. rcc;
lenr d. . . r.r*ia d. @r.ntl.l d€ 1
cev (tr9..r.clr*von) €rl. €ner
!n!t .tet.on .cc.
le'.t d. o dit.Brli d. por.nlr.rd.1
El. pa h h Plnlnt Inlr_unln'
l€rva da ckca 'r0 do or. al Pro-
voacl ludunl mrgnslicoQi p.r-
r!rb.tll lonolt.rlca lmlod.nl.
(aurorll. borotl€atc,).
In lle.! v.rldlllor. €m1.1'rnll.
da lndo hlrtzlon€ !1. golrtlul,
c6 corulplnd omlrlunilornotaF
mlc!, f€lavA .,(l!lade fonom.-
n€lor da coroanl, Pulln !!u dt
loc rco.albll. obr*vdlal oF
tlc., Furtunil. da ,,roolnot'.lnl
ob..rvrl. ln undr m.lica. Ela
orelueunIn mod normalo lnll-
rlrar nlvalululmadl!rl .mlalu.
nll, lnlotllt d. ..lturl lorn.
acurl! {mrl pullnd. o lacundl);
.clata allrln dnt da llp mono-
cromrrlc !i nu ocuol dacll
brnd! d. lr.cv.nla d. 6. MH4
llrtlnlla !o produc ln lotll
b!nd! undalor m.lrlca al alnl
lr.cvlnl obt.rvala da rld]or-
mllorl pB 144 MHr, clnd anl+,
nalo dnl o/l.nt.l. rpra vall l.
50
;IN
apusulSoar€lui.S!€ele d6 zqo-
mot s€ situeazap6 corornela o
altirldina h€di6 d6 500000 knr
9i porD€rsislamaimlho zil€
Nu s€ 9li6 ince d6 c€ numai
anlmito gr!p6 d6 p6le 3olare
.inl surse d€
2. ASTIUNEAAgUPRAPAO.
PAGARIi UNDEIOF RAOIOE-
tEctilcE
Radi4iil€ solare ce ajung in
straluril€ inalt6 als almoster€l
cr€6a2aacolo o ionizar€ mai
mult sau mai P'Jtinint€nsa,t*
n.men demonstrstln 1924 d€
doctor!l Petlit; strai!rile ionF
caozo. P6nrru mom6nr ramin6
ca c6i c€ dor63csn 6rploat6z6
lonomsnul se obs€rus apa(ia
p€telorpe Soar€ sau s6 urm6-
reasca6disiunil6c6 0t6r6inloc
m4ll asuprunumdrului9i im-
Cind o pati apar€ p€ supia-
l4a Soarclui efecldle sals so
fac simlitBcirca 26 de 016mai
liu iu, limpul noc€sarca partlcu-
ble se alingi slmosterallres-
tra; ei$tele 3int cu alit mai l!-
tens€cu cil pala€st€malimpor.
tanl6 (parlicul€le aling armc
sferaintr-un unshi maieli6ace).
Pslslo ma1imponanler€apff cl-
r€odata dupi 25 27 de zile
37 .Ytlexgffilrllii$".?l: !ii]r${it. ALMANAHUL TEHNIIJM

36. F-r3!nr-Ga-rn-rr n
dupl ca tu tacutocotulEorr..
r!r, tfi amtatunlsaotrr! obrar-
vrtr aatatoartldttlcltrt l..varl
araclalaarrcta dln ctura mrfll
conP|.i(ltlllI cllJt.tor,
3. atct,uRrLEso(aqE. os
S€RVAA!A LOq GIUOiI iN
Aottvttlta. aota.t aata .rort-
m.U h doul l.tud numtrut tul
Woll, car. llna cont da nunarul
Patalortl cara ! Dulutfl r.con-
atltuil plnl ln 1740.at d. !uor.-
r{t tota[ . patator,crr. a.r.
mlru..tl da obaarvltorut GrEn-
wrohdln 1874Jn 1843un altrd
non rmrtor, gchwdba,! d.!co-
paril vffl.llr ctctlcA! numtrut!l
d. pala lol.fa ! clror r.rtordl
da f.curanll aata d. ckm 1l
.nl cu dll.rad. varilndd6 i! 8 i.
14 rnr (ulthola c[r. !vrn!!r.
.rnrd. 1.108 tr 11.3in[. Clctll
r rvul o crtlar. faplda,un m!-
rrmum cu o duratamil h![ lau
m.r p(ln lungilQlo d.!cr6t6rt
o..lul (t. lanll Alurr ctcturd
aata daalul d. vlndtta !l !-!
PraauPU.cl .rl!t.u oeiiold.
..cdnoaru mir runoi(ru lost |n-
vocrl. o p.notda do 80 ds anr3l
s-! ob!.'v!t d. .!.m.n.!.
cr| hliltdlnll6 nord !i !ud. !nd.
r€ rorma.zamalorlt c! oot6ior.
v.rlt!| In curuuiunutclclLro6n-
ru r l. rpropta d6 scudor t6
.tnlltrJl &arlula Clctut urmrr.r
pl.rcl m.ltprorD6 da Dolt.
Clclurll6 iu lo.t n!morotato
Incrplndd. ra 1 de ob.otuato.ul
dlnZijrlchlnc6olnddh i755 T'
nlnd cont d€ peftodtchatsam6
dr€da 11an cictut20s-atsrmi
nal ln mrnis 1976si a tdcll toc
clclulul21, ln cr16 tf6i.n 6c!m
Nici un!l dintrocicturitoobs6F
vare prna d nu 3-a comoortat
ld€ntlc. Pr.viziuntt€pontiu ci-
clul 2l €raud€stlt d5 D€simiste
maxrmumutacliviMti sots.e n+
hc6lind se d$croasc6; or a-
cosre Drovizluni3-au 8flat in
conrradl€1i6cu mdsuraioriteur-
r€noar6aro numirului i!i wofi
P€ds o Pane9i p6 do ald Dart€
cu mesufdtoril€llur!tui sot,r oo
2,E GH.. Alts previziunlau rosr
dimpotiv6 loade aprooisro de
v6lo.ilsmAsurate.Mai multi au-
ron crre ad studiatpr€viziunile
portu.beribrionost€ricssi otec-
lul lor a3up.atetocomuntcdiltor
au 6mE rpotozainule oi et€c-
lurul ma.@i ptanolsre aB!pra
soaro,ur cor$Dunzator enumF
lor pozllii ate p.incipat6torpta-
n9lo als 8i8t€mut!isotof: Me.
cur,v3n(l6,Jupitsf si Pamint K.
D. Wood,de ta Univ€rsilatoadrn
i*iliirfiii,irifi:r'iii O
lll RSmlrh(O8 KO) | r.tuar .c.r.u Y rl
r6ldr. In ,nadlocommunlc.-fi I I
rron' (]urlo. 1976.p. .91-499) : r,
.r comprramaclntamutclct!1utI
rotir cu tunctonlraa unut orcl- I
tarorr,rcron irr ;;; iu;!r ;;- - AL. Mllcu|-llcu
lenoarl, .cr.!le lufd llnd I
p.nl'L So.r. arrtturdurltaI In arproltlrar.ra ltord. .mF
oc nurur DEn.||r, Avrnd r.. J t.-'acrplla, o oEbt.r .Dn.
z.rvr rluprr rtof rFtr..actI alltta o conllt!ta taottur! tnlr.
oo.rbrrr ,lorrr c'cd€ cl nlrF raprr.turl at a,ar.iur rrdtrnt _
iunJr crctJrLt?0_vr l ith. t! l.nr.nr Inir.rorvrr re intrmpra
.n{llLl tlrlulul1977.cu rLma,ul l.dr.aorr cr, drr cruu! unore}
crlruL,2_t--!^,tv.r oc . !tt6[Jt igt.,a rrcoracr.,rnl.nr aa nu n-
o vrrofi€ agrrl !dL.z. d.€ri o trlqruna torria
.au rup6no8'r lJl 50 O! fapt, ;fttcr dr4 put.r.r tLfintrtl| d;
i.".:l'l'if.",""j'!'"roli1ti,";i;!:,ti g'3lii
"",.hI,"."JJ"T,l,LiIlcspui le croa.cttn firput 'u, rln.r mart ,h rq ra" pura,.r
tlhrl cl lr r controt.!l
1978-oli, .
'ncopurJr_tut
rg79
:runiodt. !dipr.r.! .ntcn.t, o!.-r^_.lripur r..Ft/ 1876-.978 "14l ca irpr,cr nrrurai ii-rvu (r€cv64et6 arx,m.'6 L$ I po4utuld6 und. ltlttonar. tn -rrsG) aJ dtpa9r! de!.o.i ao i 4L|. do i.oarura
$tsu cu r.c.pllt n su.a, a, In rntc6tutd. tat, le DrooJ-
iii;l"ii, i"r:";',J:l;:":ii::
i i;il,i,,;?,1i,:::i{:;tJi,,i
i{"[:'i#,#"',ll,i""'',1",'&"':;"i""li,,1i"l?:",T:i:;,":",i,.",
nu ntotd6r!n! ..dtormatorl!m,
anlmlle l6nom€no rnt6n!6 al6 I
3otvlall 6olar. (de Diiddti€c6.
reo un! grup mrrc do p€r6pnn
merrdanuf c;nir6l a dbblrui 3G
la4 produc slscio !.oflzlco co'
g*r*:e':la*='ifti$,oitr#"#$"iiq"fiTi:*il";lJgi "j:"lL:",1Jffi[_]i"";.o;;o*:.,dnr.€d,v6.;,6
rr :.1^r.'X4***i;il1li":lii"r:".I,*"J:"ile"ii:]fi.
a::;""iflTt":,;'tJiiT,?*'jrfifu"":!j':,J,?:i131"
lir,ti#,""*::l;ililg;:n'i;iiili::#!!::'":":"if,i,u"i
i.l:::::i"'.e*+";';; ; :::,,"Jl""X"Jii[::,3;:..,fr1,l"lF_-,.-:-"
lpon cJ sotJt, (L T8sotg m6ra_
"i"{"'?,10
oPl,1'i
::,,fi8$',:l;:"",i:i.:Ti.;,a,6LLar6con-
Incarcar..e/ecrnc,provo.il d€ l. - La trecv€r1te ,oase do tucrJ.
iiil"t'fltliilr:#ifl"a'q;;[1i3'?1,""i"xliii"
ff""-",:,,!::lJl:"11f!t:fli!';ts,"".""$,"i::r:i;":,";l;:#!'ioocp€ nag.orosr€ra. ac6r, pro_ lj6lp:n pracrca tJcru c6 n" mai
::ii11,1,Till',;."3:::'i"':,i4fl"ji":?"#:;ij%**:::""";Tosr€r6r.corpusLulrpro!o.c6t SaprocitAmmaiintiicapnntFr-pr,ct tu.ir€s-
-nt.
(d€ r,ansFis,ors€ i,il€leg€
iil,i!3,.:iq:,"i4i",'"",x,:.'J:'t.J}.,:"i?
Etf.,i'1""",f1":$!;:;i"i,'";i:iJ3"5::'!t'",""'"",j:1prove.i d.r ;sLmstor' Lil.s poateli atcatue
dr. doua tne parll€te, d,rtr_un
cabtucoariatetL In cdut strlr/_
CALIN 9fANCULESCU 'lor de arisr€-rsc€DtG.jrnE
3A ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

38. mlnrda mc.8€tfazt reteflvehun momantd.t, dtr d ac.6ta
rars vanrzatn tuncuttinl€t:!o
lpun€rn ec.!t cazcdlvomd.-e
rac.cuund€progr.ttve,
In prctlcAn. Intthtmhd cu
r|n r|nn6,ttecat.b unlt dtncip.re dl un ganarltor,i Inchlla
r! c€d.,tl .xtraml|!t. o.tntr-o
r,nPtdrnll,z Eat.ca:ut u.tr.t
rn flgur!3, und. lnh rre tmoa-
oad. carlctartrttcA2, iaro.iro-
rarorur,16 rmpadrrrd. litr.
ror .. Fanr! 3trn9l|l|c!ru.ou-
rcmcon!/daract Imp.dant!d.
arrcrnaz r. reducola o rl|notl
r.rat.nt,, R
Crlcut.l. (p. c!fc, d! a.aft.-
n.4 nu t! raproduc.m.icl n.
lnra cada-rtungltlnl.t aa.t.-
orQr0 o r€p.dtla ltatlonrra.porlqrar.ror.lv1!lpr.Fta,daca
notamc! v tanatunarI! boh.l6
arrcrn||,r. d.mon!k.!rt ca oo-
rary||rurll4lonrrln l!mu Ini.t
Iiaca Pnn punctod. mlxm
v , tr prrnDunct.da mtnifi.
Feponul Z,/R !. noterza ds
oblc€lc! 6 tl 36 num6t6 rsoor
luld€ !nde ltdlon!..|
S-ZlF
ln ll|lrltlre strAtnalt maltn{t-
nlm lub notdllla swF (atlndino
w.v. rrllo).!! TOSlhux don:
Oln ptJn€rda vldrra flztc,to-
iur !l pelrac. ca at oum dlltfl-
bllie Pot.4lrt.lor de-! unqul
rrn|.i ar raz!|l| din luofrD!na-
r0r r dou, und. progr.alv€l
16 cu lmp6dana carlcranstbA
Z. Conlom dathllt€i,In ac€sr
caz, rapo.llrldo und. datlo.tr.
a valolrarS = Z,/Z = 1,i6.e ca
ns arill cAVi,. : V,,0,,lau lltt6l
sPUrce nu maloxlltl mintm€el
marrn€ edlcl nu mli 6xt3tl
und6 at4lonar€ Nu mat ,(l!la
d€cl nlc r€ll€,(l€ D. aerclna,
cera sbroarbaftum toale .n./-
gla turnlzrtl d6 g.n€retor.DelF
gur rc9atr €lta un clz tdeet,D.
clr€ ll ln lnlmloart€f.r ln or.c,
nce, qi d€ cara tf.but. ra tn-
c€rclm a ns lpropteclt malmutr
In ln!t!latlll6no!.tro d3.mt.l.
valorft! lll s d.ptndaIn mod
dlr.cl da rrDortui d nir6 .mo -lldinll undal r.flrctet. ! cei !
und-o dk.cto d.ct mdaurrrG!
[]r 5 ,. polta r.duca ta d6t6rml-
naf.r €.lor doll amptltudlnlIn
rc€lr car l. obltnad. ttot co!fl-
c.nl!ld6 r€ll.rl.
.npllrudn.r u.d. E .ctlla
.mpllludln.r!nd.l d [cl.
c!ru a. tfa Tn lnt6rd.pcnd6 a
. - o undacrrati propro6d.
la g.naralorlpra conauriltor,
numlt!undldlllctl, !lrmlt! undl dlllctl, !l
crl', duparallac-
tarupo rrrctnl, rc propagr!a ia
rc.rlll apr. 96naf.tor, numlU
Or.llc, l.nom.n! aat. tu.-
lrrl ln lloUf! 4 cufb.t. cor..-
punlqd lr momlnta dtt.flo da
rrmp In plnct0 cr A C, E va-
n4irr. do pot.ntrl dm m!xlh.:
!p!nan: ol lvam vontrado ian-
t|un., In punctac| B 3i o, vr-
r.!111.llnl mlilm., morl!plntru
.rr0 puno|lral. numllc nodurt
tu|. lmpodlnt d. ob.€rvrt cs
ro parrlc. atunctclnd lntr aatg
inchr.a prlntr-o lmp.d!nla .c!-
F.lrebndr! 631.un ao..sr d+
lobnd. urr p€nrtuo !bt'€ d..m'3 6
Eeror!!r cd r. cupar€! onitArorujul
taml€r mriim d.
p!r6r€carr6anl€nd,3au cu rn6 cu-
v nte, adrpla.€I^k€ €mlltlo/ s rn-
l6nd. ap6ratu d*cri3 mr o. nu
lac6 allcda d6cil sn ldcitir€z;..n-
vorur p6rmansnrdt acslEi rdaoldr
schodE r€t6ctom.ltutui6sr. 3 m-
pld o cuplareinductivecu tkut catd
6r ld..u! p€fdil€
6n€.gii neslijrb€ inl€r4indu-n€
c&6 .st. propo(b undo dn.d6 3 a
!nd6i 4rl€dar6 ca'. 3€ propag6
sJntmli infi d€tecrarB,dtodot.sbso
rul id.ntlc6avinds rot d€36Dara.e€
und6ldiB.t. si ret€crat.rdloa m'
d!lin care$nl con€ct6r€).
Bobrnajus€ rac€D€un lor d6 .a-
d'ot.cv646 6"1nd
spirdin pimdr i& in 8€clndarbib-
n5l brnlar2x 35d6spn€
Nu s va lmpGenabobiruiutcu tac
sau vop3ea,rnkucil
apropE.r d€ *ru6t'€ a miezutui
maghsli. rucruca€ strqi if tinatri
Reisl.nla de 100 !! ar. rot0t de
.lo
ponru drbr€a ov6nluareroroscilal'
cara pot aoar€acind so cuobea
emidlotul. CircuitulRC, con6ctr t!
PrizamedisnAr boblnajului,co..e
t.aua d'sco^irnuilal.6p. nder pro-
vo(aE d€ !pn5 rn*aold cu lnul crrd
Rosldul 6st6 Bmplur s€ @nod
Ie@a6nil6lorul 16r€lredom€t.u.irr
dUE'l€l|€ctomevu
c'alade 75 1r s€ roresctrimsrut9
porenlom€kur sem
'€srah.'.n unda Elaclara lcinb o6 unul
orn Insrumanie)$16 nutd.s6 inv€r
seea bord€l€ r6tleclom€trututntr€
€mtalor ii sa'crna ndrcala lr€bu
Indsa rreac*,l (c'l'no unda,6flec
laE eqd€nr p€ c6r.ral insrunen0
u.adrba scar6'penlrua.e pur€acri
4ie d*rur de in.omodd6 racur D.
ac6erse l8c€un rabetcu lalontecl
d0 !n& Glt6c
rer€.bte s. race
tordsaunaregrind nd'c4'a de unda
ALMANA}IT'L TEHNIIJM

39. a
De ex€mpl!,Pe.truS - 2 r'
un drGpozliv pracric penk!
masurareau S este Prezenlat
in ligurle5 ii 6. Eslevorbados-
Pre o Inie 'ap.oape'coaxiaa,
und€ condlclo/ul ext6rior este
o cutie meraicaavindsecliunea
in lorma de U ceeac€ permite
accosul la conduclor!l c6nlral
Parael cu a.esta din urm:i se
Plaseazdun alt conduclor.care
va servi dr€pr ,anrena" Prin
doua bornede iqke coaxiae,
a.samblulse branieea lnlfe i+
sir€a 6mlalorulu Si exlrsmila-
leacabl!luideanl3na.
Punct!lcenlralal llrului,an-
rone 6srel€garla h€sa prin 16-
zisl€nlaB delmitind cele doue
s€gm€nlecaptatoare6gale, de
lunglmoI Ditofenl€led€ pol€n-
lial indusesinl redrosalocu dio-
d6leD $i D , lillralocu conden-
saloaf€leC ai C ai aplicalolnu
galvanom6lruG a cdruisensbi
t8t6 porlo li roglatdcu poren
liom6t.uP Prininl€rmediuco-
mulalo/ulu K s6 poar6 bran9a
o8lvanomolruli€ ps O t€ p€ O
Pfimamasudloare,cu K pe D,
di o d44ie propo(ionaldc!
amplltudinea!ndei dir*re de la
em(abr Ajusfnd polenliomelru,
se .egleatasonsbilital€ainsttu-
menlulurqstlel incit 3e oqinem
ddi4ia aculli la capd6 scaE Pe
um. tenia modili€ pozilialliP,
s6 comulaK pe o. Nouad4i4re
6te propo(onaE cu amplludi-
nea undo r€loclal€, cooac€ p6ts
mile cilireadir€cld3 coelicimlu
lul d€ rsll€rie, ,. in prscliodse
pr€l6ragradar€ascalei diroclin
unilili S, lolosind1614iEm€.Iic
n3u, 4a cun s€ ved6la aparalu
diniigum7 (SWF S).
Do remarcatcd prlma masu-
rdlosre,dupd elalonare(s€ Inlo-
cui€9leP cu o rozst6nl6de v3-
loqre corespunzeloa16),da indi-
cali propo4ionse cLr pulerea
HF drsponrb16la reqtr@6m'ld-
Dupd cum dm drilal d€ta si
tualiaideabar li s: 1, cindin-
tfsaga pltor€ a em4 orulli
esrerransmisdantenei In prac-
ticaseobl n varoris> 1,€risrind
inrotdeaunaan!mite pierderide
putere,cu atil mai maricu cil S
6sle mai naro. Corelaliadlnlre
procenraiulde pure.e plerdutd
sr valoar* l!r S esleIndcala
se consided cd inslalala 6sle
salisfacetoareda9d S n! depa-
g$te valoaroa2 In ca2urIn care
nu se obJinedirecl ac6si rozuts
rat €sleposibilse se ameloroze
adaprar€ainlercgfndintr€ i6F
reaem4aloruluiI linl€un nltru
trsnslomslof de impedanla.
car€ Poatearalaln Principluca
in tig!G 8
sor.6r€mplu
rs 6 a! 5 dvz!n p6scal6
'.r
unda
16r€crdtd ndca 25 dvzun vom
3v3d un rapod de unda sralronara
Por6nlomorrul de sensrbi'zat6
v€bur€ s6 arba c6le doua s6q uni cl
p6nku dirorre unghiur de d6ch'
dere o varoare
pordnlrometuru,6sle d€ l0 20 kri
mci:[.' c! d'msnsiunr€ 40 x 60 x
a capere dou, mule
de fp radial N. psnlru cuDare, r5
o€ctv cat.6mlaiore' anrena
Emiiitor
1'12p
200
PF
Nu ir€b! € admss o va odr6 a ur rr
ma m5@ de 3 p€ntru ci unda @iroc.
ral! poai6 d'svlgo slal! rindr a
smlrioruu squ.in c6r m' bun ca
randamontu 6misrerscodo
Oae ., arevdlor maim6r,lrehuie
r€d mensonald anlona aslrol incil rr
R6rrecromerrurssre un aparar d€o
3ebn de utr care p6rmil6 in acoA
nmo s acordu emlalorulu' (P€ ma
x'mum de !ndt dr€cra) supraee
'lherea
pomanonla a adaplen c!
br i elajulu'de pul€res marrea,an
CALEI'ol
Ie[rt|aHe. In leb.uare 1911 un
pas'onal al aslronomreL
amrralul v..ll. ur.6.nu.
olera sp.€ roloslre pu-
brce o lneta zeiss de 150
mm, instalatain mobrl!l
spec ar adenalar cu o cu
poA din aciualll buevard
Ana lpatesc! In lara, tn
n!mai T lunet€, dar nici
lna mal ma.e de 100 mm
. Februaie 1880 in-
grneru roman Dlmllrle
V6re.cu const!i€ste !n
alromobil c! ab!ri, care
!a circu a pe strazile Pari
su !i i ind dgnumil de
i.ancezi ,cel mai reusil
tren tara s na ln anlL
1909, cind nvenlalorul a
munt, auiomobiul mal
putea li adm rat aMuzell
Scoii de pod!r sr sosele
Antef;
10|F 2X1N911
1N1118)
0Ka
LrnJ
(
10n 10n
100pA
41 ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

40. Oacl vtal/t multor rudtolm!-
lod. ,ala oblln.r unui tr!n-
-.oarvar
Indu.trtrt btnr r€ot!t !1,
In apactr|, |lambtlt maclnic
(atbarrt dt junltr tkatof d. D.
maa)i d. nuft. on vbut dmtn€
vralr cr, .r nu aa9ot tlc!€so-url
Nu n. rtfitn. dacltat n. lnuiu-
rnrm0u .arI rla Droortut!tle_
Dor.tor, unda un r.c.otor !.u
.xl.tl .ru clnd lttA cA'€xr!t,i
aaud. la col.gitdo brs.!t, (co
r,lracaPflnv.d.g.t.)
O ca Hlm crft |i rr.oacu,
0!ma pflmltrutoftztitr,taldo-
rqn un facaplorc! flun6 ct.p6
Oarorltl acaltor o6rtrl, vorr
prs.6nlr ctcva rotuiil tlhnlca
d6 rslr.rc e €m[dtoafotor3SB.
venrnd a r.t ln rprilinur (!pt
I
ll
!!tl.l do ctrvlrturt nu !u mtrut
incl l! ,,Olod!",t ptnt ltunit irF
m.dt !l na contocltonefto
.prral'rr, ru.ll !l pltDlbltl,
c.ra d coraapundlc.rtntoior!l
dal.ror.t.hnlc. dln lLrortr.lla
dl.llnat Ox-ulutio ctapt p€ntru
Zli o cl!
C! !e flm lnlsr.ard. cor€rDo;-
dcnl,h o.lDur rlnd dnr.m abrLdcnr,rn prinit rrno,Ontcm6Uit,
llr! un 6mllltor btnoro-
tFL tl.! lncl clnd taoa-
rura!3 ltrbltdtr. In SSB(ban-di
flm) rl ftullor fadlo.mrlon
ln ortc6 c!:, Dr.2arir unor
anumlt. .9.r!ta do mdlua €!t6
!b!olut obllgilon., llPla unula
dlnk6 .1. .xclunnd op€r4lt
rssp6cllv{: un omilo.coP, un
o.na lor Af ?l un vollmalru
aloclronlc, plua cllnoqtara! .
p€lhctl a mon|llulul c. ur-
! Lr'rjr( AiriA
u r. ri., I(]njri Lrj
r:;.r nna t
.56 9 6 cA ei.mlntuto.en .l
ar _unur .m4etor u .xctrrior
!6E 6 o ftodutaiorut.ch b.rt
c! ror d. . orcitr atriut flnlt dopurcr€ rn runctt€d€ moduratt.
,,itfPfti,"f,,?1,#i?i;"1grcrlatl 9l nd fi€bub se radt.ra
Fnfia op€r8li€docl rr€bub.r
consrst6In varllc8raacornoor-
ral| scFsrur modutatorsi, bt-
nsnt6rbe pLrn6r6e 3a Inrr_o
r!nctronare corectl 9i D6nrr!
ec{rsra 86 va tacehontalut din
un 36mnat3tn!rordat prov6_
nrr d€ ra 9en6r6torutAF €!t6
lDrcar ra Intrsr€ad6 modutan6a
.m4drorutui t6ir6a modui.to-
r(lrurso spiic6 ta intrarsaolat-
Oscilogram€t6posibltea aoa-
.64 p€ 6cran sint itletratein l-
'Outa2
Astter.in ngur, 2 A curb6t6
arsra o tuncl,onrre Inco/6c6.
modur6ro.!t $1. daz€chrtibrat
rr. In ac6srcaz,6mi6rorul€mtro
o unda modutat,in smp tudhs
(grad de moduratieapro(imanv
u,r, )r s€hnatutdrn tigura2 B
artra c€ 3een{6 un semnathG
durarin amptiludino,dar cu op.orun:rm6hai mar€a moduJr-
lB (m = 1) 9i d6ci modltatorur
ruc.eda tot incorsct abia in fl-
gura2 C put€mconstarao ane
rcrare a modutttorutui,iar 4hi-
,,
c
@
al' ALMANAHUL TEHNI UM
O
oo

41. I
e
rlbrarsa dd n nva 6s1e aluncl
cind curbs vizualiz6ra se pr6
zlntdca in lgura 2 O AceFs$ s
llal€ n€ asEura d6 elLmrnar€8
lotaE a und6 purtdloare din
sp6ctr!, s ngu/ele oxrst€nte t-
ind c€le dolzi bonz lal6ral6 ,na
dlntro ac€slos urmind a lr supil
Olpb 169laiul modulalotu ur
oscioscopu s6 va con€cta la re-
tir€a litrLlli de banda sau a
Pe ecran!1 oscrloscop!lur vor
pltea aperea desene ca in I gura
3 Aparilia pe 6cran a doua linii
parar6e (lig 3 A) indrcaanula-
rea compl€ra a lne benz lat&
rale. em(atorul pllind n utilral
Dace pe ecran semnalul apare
ca in ligura 3 B sa! in n90ra 3 C,
inseamne ca a doua bande lalF
rala nu a lost lotal anulatd !.
mind a vedea s lala llrrulu
p'tnr ri ri srDn_
rea lers L., llf .! .,r., ldrd
P!fcl" tJ. n,,tr1r,r4,,- n trr
A...sh .ond( de rLrf!:lt,Lr"
lrAbu. si I .
valor e In(l .al0
In nd
':a1'
l'. Ll" cxprlialr { n
C!n, n qco.rar .1rr'r lnral d.l
P!lere.tk..chLriil f', ur lirl
eleclro.., vor I'ebrr re5pecral.
cu 3tncii! vlrorlla tgnrlufill
.nodlca, ala cur6nluhnanodrc
arelen:r!nr du PUlariuaroT!n
llunil€ d. pohrlzarc nu lrrbui!
sd vareze if p.r oada nDjui
Se va lr.c s.ama si de raplli
cd rn miia pe'nielrr.! poal.
indrcaval,riie.lc vid alc LtrreoliL
lur9 decr alunc .rnd acest r
trlmenl va r.drca 240 16lr mA
in realial!, .cesl. vakri sift Je
O ata vefilicarea eratu!r I nal
esle neutrodrnaror llre.erea tl'
recla a semnalulu prtrr .ordcn
saioarele parazne. rotrnrl. de
Cind se constala o trec.r. a
semnalul!de la 1n1ra.eil're.1 ,.
anlena, se vor i49la -)rcrn.rlerl
de .[cu1 spe.'rl n,anlal. per_
tru renedierea acesleistarl
Se va vdriica aoo, i'np rlrdl
La iegirea erctalorului, decl
doDelillrul de banda,emrlalorur
conl ne un ampllcator Liniar
lormai din unul sao mai m!lle
eiaie.in Primul rind se inpun ve-
riliaarea valori!or lensiuniLor de
43
"o.
FR aplical de a
.i/r rald l! nftar66 ampllcdlo'
,,, , rfftr Aco.3l0 amPll,doo
3F sr4lJl(4t0 c!
.l{! lro.E sDUcr, trr .scr oscoP
o rnetoda d.s ioLosld 9r ra-
rndI r.r.d.r. ,"s1. a5a numlo
.d'nrr{ion rn seosr .a s6 lolo
s..L De.ln, mod!rai.'a em4.ro'
rulu
'loua
semna. do loasa
fio.vrrii 1snu aloat) co.
i nnlald! se crpredza P. o
snr(.'a rn lcara fenlru a nu ra_
d a t' l',am o pan. . .neralLooo
t,F ti0na .u o b!.La tr o aprl
(.^tri u.!, .i rcurl a.o.dal pe
rre.vonla de lucru e €m4aLoru-
clrn l6nrunt-'a de ra 3c6st c r
cul! o!t. d.ltrrl ai. fldlcrla, aa m
apllcd dlrect pe blecile de devta-
lre verlr.ala a nscLos.opU u
La Intarea d. loasa lr€.venla
a eni(dlo^rlur se aplrca doua
sen^a c de la doua qen€ra
roare de eremplu un semnalde
I 000 Hz ir artll .le 400 Hz c0
anrPr'rdnr ( gurosegale.
AcPsledo!. s.mrale vor prc
duce pe e.r3fu oscioscopulu
d v.-se desefe.
inrrequl Lanl.sl€ brne reglal,oscF
loqrama va aparea ca rn i0ui3 l
(lr.e iebrmare I nrtafe dul_
l,p lcarc cenola o l!nclionare
!rrornrala a em{alorurL 5r rm
p!f. vefJcarea paqrlor sale
Ins, rLrE MtH/lEBl:u,
YO3CO
ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM

42. sembrur tabricatg3p.ct6t D6n-
tru €chlpafiento p.otg3lonEt€.
r€ ac€aElalnle s€ lrucrt€ 5i
rde6a utlll2erii mod!tatoar.t;r
integral€,Amintim dolt tiouri:
BOB0259i FOB796
Prink6 avantal€teunor dso-
m6neamodulatoar€tsl6 de c€t€
cra3i66 enumar6m: echitibrare
6rc€l€n16,zcomot de int6rmo-
dur.lrs mic; dimen3runrr6du!6.
rn co|€ c€ lrm€aze va i 016-
zbnlat circulu int€orat dOB
025,hbricari. Lc c E
2. aCHEMA ELECIF|CA ario.
l) corlin€ multiptlcalorutiio;-
venorul l€nsiun€r'cur€ntc! in-
t16ro diler€nliaid $i timitatorul
penlr! inhr€s d€ purl6ro.;am-
pr/rrcrrorurdil€rentiatde r6 16
14eau6d€ oolari2sr€
Mulllpllcilorul lfioduterdr
dublu €chltlbra0to.msazdprln-
c'patur btoc al circuitutulRoB
025 El s6 complne din tranuts-
roar6l€Tr0.T, Inr.aroaoontru
purlalor(vFo Bauxo) so i,fla in
Dd.r8 lr3n2islo6ral0r 16r c6.
J.qENEFAUTITI
In p.acllca radioamrtorllor
un lucru roarloimporlanto,onsra
In obtn.rea unul s€mnatd6 lro
BLU (SSB) sa! in d.t.ctar€i
(d.modularsa)!h!l 36mn!l c!
p!rtaloaro .uprhrra C€! mai
ulUlzat6n€lod6 €stsacers ! to.
|ornr unul modLilalordubtu
echlllb.rl, care suorthA .urrA-
toar€a.c6re m.l i.ecvoht; !tnr
mod!tatoarot€ cu tranzlstoer€,
rpor c6recu drod€tt, malpilln,
Otton6 nevoil d6 cr*r6r€ s
ffiffffi$xfi
ffiffiffir$ge$ffiffi[$fi$tr[[|
$ffi${$ffitrtiIng. ANDFTAN Ntco|-At
Perrormanlslor lolrrlurli drn
dol.r.a r.dloah6rontor a tost
n6c0aarepr€luafeaunor suban-
lnt.oTe
purlqtoa
'b
VEDEREDESUS
re de
referint6
tnlrdre
semnol
modulotor
Tensiune
p0loflzore
p€nrr! s€mnatutftodutatorraF
sau FF) ln €mtoareteac€slora
For n hrrate doua s€mnalesub
rorm, terrsiunesau curenr c66
ooua Intrai (de s€hharmoduta,
ror sr semnatpunatod Dotlr in-
r€rschrmbstgintre 6tc, ment_
nin0u-s€ ta i€sire o forr.d ie
un_oacu purt6toaresuprinata.
u€zavantsjut €c€stdr c rcuit
consts Intr-o consider.brrddls.
ro.srunaprovocatad€ ne|niari-
rsroa lonclrunii baza-eFrrorsperccnr de tranzistoared,ter€n_
r€re Pontrua ate.ua acest6te.t
s-au provazurdoud diode (no_
lalePeschem;T!. srTr5l
tdatundc!Ent
rmprbunacu drodeteT,j 5r T <.
erus 6_13i6Editore4iete(T. i;
m!IlolicalorLn,r,
!l'rrzinds€mnatede curent cu-
renturma{m
'njectai
in munro/F
calor de calre etaje/etradu;a-
roare nu poate depasiclrenlu
2g
o"5oo
44 i :11:._.I i*i::*r*j <ri! . :.:: _-r4r]r;4ry3t3* ALMANAHIJL TEHNIUM

43. tixai de ganoratorllde clrenl a
Ampllllc.lorul ds lqire osie
lormat din tranzrstosrgl€T., Ta
5r T,, Ac6sl el€j pnm€9leu.
semnaLde a mullp!c3lor9 rur-
niz6a?dun semnalla i€$irelntr€
l6rmnalul 9 9i masase conoc-
teaz6 un condensalofcaro 66
reprezinte un $clrtcircuI la
l.6cv€nlad6 lucru Fs est6€gad
ca valoar6cu R,,. Lmp6dantade
ieFr€ a oiajulu €sl€ toartemicd
R.t.rr. d. ool.rk ta Ac€ala
lrobLji€sA Permild urmabsrole
caracl€r3llci: nivslurle de cu-
r€nl sa rdmlndconstanl€odate
cu varialial€nsuniido elrm6n-
lsr6,sa lucf€zePerl€clPrndla I
m ta inl6rioarsa lon3runrrd6 a r
menlaretcur6ni!1 de Lntraroal
gonoratoruluisa 116 Ind6pen-
denrdot6mperalur,.
Acoaslaret€a 3re ln compo-
n€rta sa tranzlstoareleT4..Tr2I
Tb T,. O comp€nsare6xco
enta o iurn2ea2a lranzrstor!l
3 CAFACTERISTICILECIF.
cutTuLUl
Una dintre caracleristicil6cir
cuitului o reprezintaci$tiqulde
conversie Acesia este d6 cca
oodul Giuro€n-vaoL
oi, 6ire or ni'e oi'inetero arr 3r'rt63ri' 'oms' uo
X,iJil",ii ii,ri,i' aii:-E-. 'ssu- dn nora a rosr
,i.,i;ii i,"i,i'ii oi r rso re,r,1srn s.-' 80er'?
.i"i'.i *. i,"J,iGt" oi oe rora e'ipric6
'u
rto
,".i"i si
"u
t"t.es o" € 3rosi o .esrorosJp€-
iiiii;';;;';:io,;';; roas svir-do-raDacir6re
-i'ii",,'oi--r.r,"s-"
d6 40000 s0000 d€
ii + G*--."-i'ii't,l'i specra'o'iar''rF'rrur6
1.,* l.-i -i^ ri".i'e ro+ rsco.srrLr r' socoru
:;;: -* ar l'r-r6al|rd
'oro5r
i'
specar pe.ltu Lpt6r€ d€
.l!rnu ds lsl€vizlune g adialori
Osranklno - Moscova,
cu o inelimo de 520 m
psle Lna dr-lr6 ce€ ma
-
oalalLr
^,Arr_8mb'a
-
ndrl6 .lad'tr do ac4l oen C'da& 't244- 35{l dsi
oin
"mit
s',era z"eni a .orsrtu ,n spa.ra 6srp
nrrnllui d6 beton armal una drntre col6 ms' mpor
sr so'ul a co.sl'Jcl va ra'le opere- 4i{a'r^nrce
adoolas I conl6ra o 'e_ i" sil naLr/ "ropclal ca
zrslenrara o'6siJ16a lgle- 'a6di1) penl u reql
i"ii i-"'iii,,"iii 61'r"." m;u" pararL''sr6 ir'
it-"-o*ri,io
-.
i.
""t,t ".-
premu'rrJ u. zid iarbrit
.|,- l, zo ro cm -.9 depesroI 6006
5 dB. daca .ive !l tensrunf PU.
ialorulu esle de cca -13 dBv
{174 mV). iar
semnaluL!i modulslor 6sle de
cca 26 dav (39 mv). O alla ca
'actensl'c6
mporlanla consra
in raoorru dinlre s€mnalu ulrl 9
pu.tdior la €$rea modulstor!lu
(nasura a ech libr,/i mrx6r!_
rui). Acdasta se paslreaza la o
valoare de cca 50 dB oina !a
iiecvenle de 600 kHz. oeci 6sle
un exc€lent modulalor (m !e4
oenlfu aoaralele cu rrecvonla
lnlermediara sub 1 MHz. Se
poale utiliza 9i la lrecven16mal
mari. dar pertormanlele se re
un alt oaramelru car6 rmore-
seaze pe radioamalori este 299-
molul La €9irea aceslura In
banda 01..1 000 kHz n velul
zaomoiulu s6 situeaza la cca
-r30 dBv. Deci rnodllatorul nu
e$e recomandal Penlru uiLr-
zare in eiajele
r20 dBv 10775r V) penlr! a pas-
nrra cel oulrn un raport sem.al'
zgomol de cel P4in 10 dBv.
Avind in vedere tr 2gomorur In-
lrodus de celelalle elale ale unul
anl de receplie, ra2olla ca mo-
dulatorul s6 poat6 uliliza in €tale
in .ar€ se cere o sensibiitalede
Prinrrg aplcaltrle aceslu' c.
cln se pot €numefa modubror
dubl! echilrbrali
pr6soa.e li expandoarei mu|n-
plcalor de cur€nl
cu le cu r€913jautomalal smpr_
licarii muluPlicator de cur€.1
alternativ: mod!lator d6 lrec-
vedai modulalor in amPlriu_
d ne circuile c! laza blocala
(P.L.L.).
Ne !.m r6leri numai la moda-
litalea do a- lolosi ca modulator
dubl! echilibrat RoB 025 Poale
li uliizal c! o sinqur,Lsurs ds
alimentareinl.e +9 4 si r15 v
(fig 2 ai lig 3) Fiecar€dln cei€
doua sisteme de alrmentarePfe-
zintA avanlale ii dezavanlale
o s ngura surse duce la rejecra_
rea toarte buna a zqomolulul
180dB) dar c6re mar mufte com
,onente adllionale ooue sirrse
dc alimentare duc la diminLrarea
numarului de componenle er
600n
ALMANAHUL TEHNIUM