Repentance and Tawbah in Islam. Topics from Quran and Hadith. Quran verses on repentance. Constant self evaluation by sinners.

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Repentance
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Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari (May Allah be pleased with him)
reported: The Prophet (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam)
said: "Allah, the Exalted, will continue to stretch out His
Hand in the night so that the sinners of the day may
repent, and continue to stretch His Hand in the daytime
so that the sinners of the night may repent, until the
sun rises from the west". [Muslim].
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Repentance - Feeling sorry for the
wrong done wishing one had not done it.

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"And all of you beg Allah to forgive you, O
believers, that you may be successful". (24:31)
Praying constantly and sincerely for Allah’s forgiveness is essential.
We can never keep count of our sins or be conscious of how many
are committed unintentionally. Hence it’s best for a believing,
humble and realistic Muslim, to seek Allah (SWT)’s pardon every
day of his / her life.
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard
the Messenger of Allah (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam) saying: "By
Allah, I seek Allah's forgiveness and repent to Him more than
seventy times a day.'‘[Al-Bukhari].
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Taubah is the return of the servant to
Allah
The perfect guidance to the Straight Path cannot be attained with
indifference to sins or persistence on sinning.
Indifference to sin leading to persistent sinning negates the intention
and the will of the servant.
Taubah requires great determination and complete awareness to
enable one to return and run back, to The Lord Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim.
Returning to Allah is turning away from the road of destruction.
Efforts should be made to overcome obstacles that prevent one from
getting back to the Straight Path.
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Tauba one of the most beloved
acts of worship to Allah
Tauba calls to success. Tauba leads to happiness. Tauba expiates sins
and if perfected it changes the sins into good deeds.
When a slave turns in repentance to Allah it is one of the most beloved
acts of worship to Allah and Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is pleased with
the tauba of those asking for it.
Tauba brings forth love, kindness, softness, mildness, gratitude to
Allah, praise of Allah, enjoying His many blessings. And among its
merits is humility of the heart, submissiveness to Allah.
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Mistakes regarding Tauba
1) Delaying repentance : It necessitates repenting not only for sins but
also for delaying repentance.
2) Paying no attention to Tauba: Paying no attention to sins
committed unknowingly.
3) Abandoning tauba fearing a return to the sin; or criticism from
others; or a loss in prestige and fame.
4) Widening the extent of the sin depending on Allah’s Mercy.
5) Delusion concerning the respite (an interval of rest or relief / a
period of temporary delay) which Allah gives to the wrongdoers.
6) Despairing the Mercy of Allah.

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Constant self-evaluation
Three conditions to be met for repentance to be accepted by Allah:
1. Desisting from committing it.
2. Feeling sorry for committing it.
3. Deciding not to recommit it.
Constant self-evaluation by focusing on the following:
1. The fear of dying before making taubah.
2. Remorse about missing the good due to disobedience of Allah.
3. Working seriously to regain what has been missed.
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The Sinner Imperils Himself
"And those who do not make tawbah are indeed the
dhaalimoon (wrongdoers)." (Al-Hujraat,49:11)
The sinner imperils himself / herself when he
indulges in the following :
1) lack of embarrassment from Allah knowing that Allah's
vision covers over all.
2) lack of fear of going out of the deen.
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We are accountable for our sins
"Verily your Lord is Quick in Punishment and verily He is Oft-
Forgiving, the Giver of Mercy." [al-A'raaf(7):167]
When we commit a sin, we should have hope that Allah will
accept out Repentance and forgive us, but we should also
fear that we may be accountable for it. We should have
hopes from Allah but this should not make us complacent
about our own actions.
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Invoke Allah’s name to seek
forgiveness
“And Allaah has the most excellent and perfect names, so worship
and invoke Him by them” (Al-A'raaf ,7:180)
Al-'Afuww - He who pardons
Al-Ghafoor - He who forgives
Al-Ghaffaar - The Oft-Forgiving
Allah, the Majestic and Most High, loves that we call upon Him by
His names and that we worship Him by that which His names
demand.
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Syed-ul-Istighfar
The Prophet (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam) said, "The best
supplication for seeking forgiveness (Syed-ul-Istighfar) is to say:
`Allahumma Anta Rabbi, la ilaha illa Anta, khalaqtani wa ana
`abduka, wa ana `ala `ahdika wa wa`dika mastata`tu, a`udhu bika min
sharri ma sana`tu, abu'u laka bini`matika `alayya, wa abu'u bidhanbi
faghfir li, fa innahu la yaghfirudh-dhunuba illa Anta. (O Allah! You are
my Rubb. There is no true God except You. You have created me, and I
am Your slave, and I hold to Your Covenant as far as I can. I seek
refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge the
favours that You have bestowed upon me, and I confess my sins.
Pardon me, for none but You has the power to pardon).' (Reported by'
Shaddad bin Aus (May Allah be pleased with him) [Al-Bukhari].
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Confess all Sins
All acts of disobedience and every sin committed should be admitted.
One thus acknowledges having fallen short with regard
to Allah's rights upon him; that he has not performed Allah's rights as
he should. This is the beginning of the road to repentance.
Committing acts of disobedience and falling into destructive sins, yet
being oblivious that one is a sinner, distances one from repentance
unless one is guided and granted the success of being put upon its
path.
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Follow up an evil deed with a good
deed
Mu'aadh bin Jabal reported from the Messenger of
Allaah (Sallalaahu Alaihi wa Sallam) that he said:
"Fear Allah wheresoever you may be, and follow up an evil
deed with a good deed, it will efface it (the evil deed). And deal
with mankind with good manners."
[At-Tirmidhee reported this Hadeeth as Hasan, Al-Hakim
reports it in al-Mustadrak and states that it meets the
condition of Bukhari and Muslim Adhahabee agreed.]
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Stay away from the forbidden
carry out the obligatory
Taqwaa means staying away from the forbidden and doing what is
obligatory - enacting what Allah has commanded, sincerely for Allah
and in compliance with the Messenger of Allah (Sallalaahu Alaihi wa
Sallam); leaving what Allah has forbidden and steering clear of it.
Taqwaa is expressed in Prayer when it is established fulfilling all of its
conditions, pillars and obligations perfectly.
Taqwaa in fasting lies in distancing oneself from idle speech, obscene
words mannerisms, boisterous behaviour, backbiting and spreading
tales and other such things that make the fast deficient and deprive it
of the spirit of fasting.
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Weeping out of Fear from Allah
(swt)Allah, the Exalted, says:
"And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases
their humility.'' (Al-Isra, 17:109)
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The
Messenger of Allah (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam)
said, "One who weeps out of fear of Allah, will not enter the
Hell till milk returns back in the udder; and the dust raised on
account of fighting in the path of Allah and the smoke of Hell
will never exist together". [At-Tirmidhi].
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Worshipping Allaah out of Love,
Fear and Hope
“So make your worship purely for Allaah and seek His forgiveness for
your sins.' ( Fussilat,41:6)
The concept of worship in Islam is the truly unique way in which it
incorporates the feelings of love, fear and hope within the hearts
of the worshippers of Allah.
The Muslim’s worship is not complete without the presence of all
three qualities: LOVE of Allah, HOPE in His Mercy and FEAR of His
Punishment.

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Imam Al-Nawawi's Riyad-us-Saliheen
http://www.abdurrahman.org/zikr/mostexcellent.html
The Most Excellent Manner of Seeking Forgiveness
The State of Repentance
A Cry for Help - Turn to Repentance
Imâm Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah

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