Like humans communicate with each other, computers also do communicate with each other, but not by the names; they have their unique numbers, such as IP addresses over a network. Humans are customized to address by the names instead of numbers to identify a person or a site. To communicate between computers and humans, networking engineers developed a Domain Name Server (DNS). This blog is curated about how DNS works. But before that, What is DNS?

1. How DNS Works?
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Like humans communicate with each other, computers also do communicate with
each other, but not by the names; they have their unique numbers, such as IP
addresses over a network. Humans are customized to address by the names
instead of numbers to identify a person or a site. To communicate between
computers and humans, networking engineers developed a Domain Name Server
(DNS). This blog is curated about how DNS works. But before that, What is DNS?

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What is DNS?
Domain Name Server (DNS) is a system that includes a database of the public IP
addresses with website names. It acts as a resolver that converts domain names to IP
addresses. If a user wants to open Google on the chrome page, DNS will resolve the
name Google and check for the IP address in the cache memory. Based on the IP
address, the computer gets connected with the web server and retrieves the web
page to perform various actions on the Google web page.
How Does DNS Work?
DNS works collectively to resolve the IP address for the domain name with various
DNS servers.
1. If you type a domain name in the web browser and the system can’t find the IP
address in its cache memory, it will redirect the query to the Resolver server.
2. The Resolver server is an Internet Service Provider (ISP); it checks for the IP
address in its cache memory. If it can’t find the IP address, it will further redirect
the query to the root server.
3. The Root server is the top server of the DNS hierarchy, including 13 sets of root
servers around the world. Each set of the root servers has its unique IP address.
When the root server receives the query for the IP address but can’t find it, and
sends the query to the TLD.

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4. The TLD server is the Top-level Domain Server that stores various address
information for the domains such as .net, .com, .en, .org, and more. When the
query is received but can’t find the IP address, the TLS redirects the resolvers to
the Authoritative Name Servers.

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5. The Authoritative Name Server is responsible for knowing everything about
Domain, including the IP address. When the query is received from the DNS
resolver, the authoritative name server should respond to the server with the
IP address.
6. And the DNS resolver will communicate with the system to retrieve the web
page.
Once the DNS resolver receives an IP address from various servers, it stores the
IP address in its cache memory. In case, if the computer sends the same query
for the same domain name, it can retrieve the IP address from memory and
mitigates the whole DNS Server process in the search for the IP address.
Final Words
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