2.USE OF ANTIBACTERIALS IN POULTRY AND IT’S LIMITATIONS by Dr. Prakash Nadur In Kannada & English

1. USE OFANTIBACTERIALS IN POULTRY AND IT’S LIMITATIONS
PÉÆý GvÁàzÀ£ÉAiÀÄ°è ¸ÀÆPÁëöätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀzÀã¼ÀPÉ ºÁUÀÄ
CzÀgÀ Ew-«ÄwUÀ¼ÀÄ
¥ÀæPÁ±ï £ÀqÀÆgï JA.«.J¹ì., ¦.ºÉZï.r¥ÀæPÁ±ï £ÀqÀÆgï JA.«.J¹ì., ¦.ºÉZï.r
¥ÁæzsÁå¥ÀPÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄÄRå¸ÀÛgÀÄ
¥À±ÀÄ ªÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ OµÀzsÀ ±Á¸ÀÛç ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «µÀ ±Á¸ÀÛç «¨sÁUÀ
PÉ«JJ¥sóïJ¸ïAiÀÄÄ, ¥À±ÀÄ ªÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ
ªÀĺÁ«zÁå®AiÀÄ ²ªÀªÉÆUÀÎ
pnadoor@rediffmail.com

2. PÉÆý GvÁàzÀ£É: 2020 (FAO)
¨ÉÃrPÉAiÀÄ ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀjPÉUÀ¼ÀÄ
¨sÁgÀvÀ
ªÀµÀð: 1993 ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀjPÉAiÀÄ
ªÀµÀð: 2020
C©üªÀÈü¢ÝAiÀÄ zÀgÀ %
[Growth rate]
ªÀµÀð: 1993 -2020
PÉÆý ªÀiÁA¸À [«ÄðAiÀÄ£ï l£ï] 0.25 1.23 6.47
ªÉÆmÉÖ [©°AiÀÄ£ï] 9.30 79.10 8.48
eÁ£ÀĪÁgÀÄ[JªÉÄä,zÀ£À] ªÀiÁA¸À
[«ÄðAiÀÄ£ï l£ï]
0.49 1.45 4.41

3. 19902015
PARAMETER YAER 1990 YEAR 2015
Broiler parents housed (cr) 0.7 3.5
Broilers/month (crore) 5 25
Broiler feed price (Rs/kg) 20 30
Chicken per head (kg) 0.4 2.5
Broiler price/kg live (Rs) 25 65
Broiler integration 0% 60%Broiler integration 0% 60%
Broiler FCR 2.2 1.65
Days to slaughter (2 kg) 48 38
Multi-age group farms 90% 10%
Chicken processing 1% 7%
Antibiotics issue Nil 50%
¸ÀÆPÁëöätÄ
¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
E®è 50%

4. ®¨sÀå«gÀĪÀ ¸ÀÆPÁëöätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
– ¸À¯Áá£ÁªÉÄÊqïì
– £ÉÊmÉÆæ¥ÀÇgÁeÉÆ£ïì *
– ¥É¤ì°£ïì
– ¸ÉÃ¥sÁ¯ÉÆøÉÆàÃj£ïì
– mÉmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì
– CªÉÄÊì£ÉÆÃUÉèöÊPÉÆøÉÊqïì
 ¤ªÀÄä DAiÉÄÌ ºÉÃVgÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ
?– CªÉÄÊì£ÉÆÃUÉèöÊPÉÆøÉÊqïì
– PÉÆèÃgÁA¦üí¤PÁ¯ï*
– ªÀiÁåPÉÆæðqïì
– ¥ÉÇèÃgÉƪÀÄÄn°Ã£ïì
– DAiÀiÁ£ÉÆÃ¥sÉǸïð
– ¥sÉÇèÃgÉÆÃQé£Á¯ÉÆ£ïì s
– ¸ÉÖçÖ¥sÉÇÖÃUÁæ÷å«Ä£ïì
– E¤ßvÀgÉ
?

5. fêÁtÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À OµÀzsÀ ¸ÀÆa§gÀºÀzÀ ¤AiÀĪÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
FARM to PLATE CONCEPT
 vÁvÁÌ°PÀªÁV PÁ¬Ä¯É ¥ÀvÉÛ ºÀZÀÄѪÀÅzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
OµÀzsÀ ¸ÀÆa§gÀºÀ (?)
 fêÁtÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀÆPÀë÷ävÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀjÃPÉë (?)
 ¨ÉÃPÁVgÀĪÀ OµÀ¢ü ¸ÀÆwæPÀgÀtzÀ ®¨sÀåvÉ (?) ¨ÉÃPÁVgÀĪÀ OµÀ¢ü ¸ÀÆwæPÀgÀtzÀ ®¨sÀåvÉ (?)
 ¸ÀtÚ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ M¥ÉÇàwÛ£À PÉÆý ¸ÁPÁtÂPÉzÁgÀgÀ°è
OµÀzsÉÆÃ¥ÀZÀgÀzÀ §UÉÎ EgÀĪÀ vÁAwæPÀ
w¼ÀĪÀ½PÉ/CjªÀÅ.(?)
 ªÀåªÀjPÀªÁV OµÀ¢üAiÀÄÄ ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd¤ÃAiÀĪÉà (?)

6. ¥ÀæZÀ°vÀ ¸ÀªÀĸÉåUÀ¼ÀÄ
• CAn§AiÉÆÃnPï gɹ¸ÀÖ£Àì (Antibiotic resistance)
• CAn§AiÉÆÃnPï ±ÉõÁA±À (Antibiotic residue)
• ªÀiÁgÀÄPÀmÉÖ – CqÀØ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄ (Impact on Trade)
• ¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ DgÉÆÃUÀå (Impact on public health)

7. PK-PD integration of enrofloxacin (per os) based on observed or hypothetical
MIC values
Parameter Observed MIC
(μg.ml-1)
Hypothetical
MIC (μg.ml-1)
Ratio
(Mean +SE)
Inference
CMax./ MIC E. coli (0119) : 0.125 - 8.40 + 0.34 Satisfactory
S. typhimurium: 0.125 -
- 0.01 104.50 + 4.95 Good
- 0.10 10.52 + 0.42 Satisfactory
- 0.25 4.20 + 0.17 Not effective
- 0.50 2.10 + 0.08 Not effective- 0.50 2.10 + 0.08 Not effective
Breakpoint > 8.0
AUC(0-24h)/
MIC
E. coli (0119) : 0.125 -
30.48 +4.98 Moderate
S. typhimurium:0.125 -
- 0.01 381.0 + 62.2 Good
- 0.10 38.10 + 6.22 Moderate
- 0.25 15.24 + 2.49 Not effective
- 0.50 7.62 + 1.24 Not effective
Breakpoint > 100
(Prakash et. al., 2016, KVAFSU project)

8. CAn§AiÉÆÃnPï gɹ¸ÀÖ£Àì (Antibiotic resistance)

9. Tissue levels (ppb) of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin after the withdrawal of
enrofloxacin administration (10mg.kg-1 x 5days; per os) in broiler chickens
Time
(hr.)
Breast muscle Liver Kidney
ENRO CIPRO ENRO CIPRO ENRO CIPRO
24 126+ 8.48a 73.0+ 7.07a 445 + 21.2a 515+ 8.48a 316.5+ 9.19a 414.0+ 22.62a
48 30.5+ 2.12b 29.0+ 4.24b 82.0+ 5.65b 161.5+ 4.95b 165.5+ 6.36b 181.5+ 4.94b
72 1.60+ 0.84c 0.71+ 0.01c 10.0+ 2.82c 19.0+ 4.24c 10.75+ 3.89c 4.05+ 0.21c
96 N.D N.D N.D 0.36+ 0.08d N.D 0.22+ 0.02d
Note: a. ENRO=Enrofloxacin; CIPRO= Ciprofloxacin; b. LOD: 0.01ug.ml-1 ; LOQ: 0.033 ug.ml-1
c.Values expressed as Mean+SE and d. ND= Not detected;c.Values expressed as Mean+SE and d. ND= Not detected;
Values in the same column (mean±SE) bearing different superscripts vary significantly (P<0.05) in student’s‘t’ test
Comparison of total residue levels with prescribed MRLs
Tissue ECI
(GOI)
EEC US-FDA Total Residues
(PPB)
PPB PPB PPB Day 2 Day 3
Muscle 100 100 100 70 (< MRL) (64.50+ 0.70) <MRL
Liver 200 200 300 250 (>MRL) (243.5+ 10.56) <MRL
Kidney 300 300 400 350 (>MRL) (347.0+ 1.41) <MRL
Note: Total residues = Sum of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin residues in poultry meat
(Prakash et. al., 2016, KVAFSU project)

10. CAn§AiÉÆÃnPï£À Ew-«ÄwUÀ¼ÀÄ
Limitations of Antibiotics
• ¨ÉÃgÉ OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À ZÀ®£ÁªÀåªÀ¸ÉÛAiÀÄ°è ªÀåvÁå¸À
(Impact on other drug metabolism)
• ¥Àj¸ÀgÀzÀ E¤ßvÀgÀ ¥ÁætÂUÀ½UÉ UÀAqÁAvÀgÀ
(Risk of disease outbreak in other animal farms)(
• ªÉÊgÁtÄ gÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼À°è CAn§AiÉÆÃnPïUÀ¼À ¥ÉÆïÁUÀÄ«PÉ
(Undue wastage of Antibitics during viral diseases)
• gÉÆÃUÀ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ ±ÀQÛAiÀÄ°è PÀÄApvÀ
(Immuno deficiency)
• ¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉAiÀÄ°è PÀÄApvÀ
(Impact on growth)

11. £ÁåAiÀħzÀÞ OµÀzsÀ ¸ÀÆa§gÀºÀ JAzÀgÉà K£ÀÄ?
What is Judicious Prescription?

12. PÉÆý OµÀzsÉÆÃ¥ÀZÀgÀzÀ ¸ÀªÀð¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå vÀvÀéUÀ¼ÀÄ
Principals of medication in Poultry
1. ªÀÄÄAavÀªÁV E®èªÉà vÀqÀªÁV C£ÁgÉÆÃUÀåzÀ ¥ÀvÉÛ ?
2. ¸ÀàµÀÖvÉ CxÁªÀ C¸ÀàµÀÖvÉAiÀÄ wêÀæ vÉgÀ£ÁzÀ ¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ?
3. ¥ÁæxÀ«PÀªÁV AiÀiÁªÀ CAUÁUÀ ªÀÄÄPÁÌVzÉ.?
4. ®¹PÉ ºÁQgÀĪÀ CxÀªÁ ®¹PɺÁQgÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼À UÀÄA¥ÀÅ ?
?5. PÀgÀĽ£À°è CAUÁ±À PÉƼÉvÀ, E®èèªÉà gÀPÀÛzÀ°è £ÀAdÄ?
6. ¤ÃgÀÄ CxÀªÁ ªÉÄë£À°è OµÀzsÉÆÃ¥ÀZÀgÀ?
7. ªÉÆmÉÖ CxÀªÁ ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ ?
8. PÉÆý ªÉÄë£À°è fêÁtÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÉÃj¹zÁÝgÉAiÉÄÃ?
9. PÉÆý ªÉÄë£ÉÆA¢UÉ PÁQìÃrAiÀiÁ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ OµÀ¢ü?
10. vÀ¯ÉaÃn ºÉÆA¢®èzÀ [Extra-label] OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀªÀÅ
C¤ªÁAiÀÄðªÉÃ?

13. zÉúÀzÀ°è OµÀ¢ü ZÀ®£ÉAiÀÄ QÃgÀÄ £ÉÆÃl
OµÉÆzsÀ¥ÀZÁgÀü
»ÃjPÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ ▼ «AUÀqÀ£ÉAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
▼
gÀPÀÛ ¥ÀjZÀ®£ÉAiÀÄ°è OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀiÁt
▼▼
CAUÁUÀ zÀ°è «AUÀqÀ£É
▼
¥ÀjªÀvÀð£É  ▼  «¸Àdð£É
▼
OµÀ¢ü PÁAiÀÄ𠤪Àð»¸ÀĪÀ ¸ÀܼÀzÀ°è OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀiÁt
▼
OµÉÆzsÀ¥ÀZÁgÀüPÉÌ ¥ÀæwQæAiÉÄ   CqÀØ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄü  CAUÁ±À zÀ°è G½PÉ

14. ¸ÀÆPÁëätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀzÀã¼ÀPÉ
(Judicious use of antibcterials)
 ¥sÉÇæÃ¥ÉʯÁåQÖÃPï OµÀ¢üUÀ¼ÀÄ (Prophylactic Use)
PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è gÉÆÃUÀ PÁt¸ÀĪÀ ªÉÆzÀ¯ÉÃ, gÉÆÃUÀ vÀqÉUÀlÄÖ«PÉ
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀ OµÀ¢üUÀ¼ÀÄ GzÁ: [Chlortetracycline]
 xÉÃgÁ¥ÀÇånPï OµÀ¢üUÀ¼ÀÄ (Therapeutic Use)
PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è gÉÆÃUÀ PÁt¹zÀ £ÀAvÀgÀ aQvÉìUÁV G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀ OµÀ¢üUÀ¼ÀÄ
GzÁ: DåA¦ü¹°£ï [Ampicillin]
 ªÉÄÃmÁ¦ü¯ÁåQìøïì OµÀ¢üUÀ¼ÀÄ (Metaphylactic Use) MAzÀÄ PÉÆý
ªÀÄAzÉAiÀÄ°è gÉÆÃUÀ PÁt¹PÉÆAqÀØ°è, gÉÆÃUÀ E®èzÉìÄgÀĪÀ PÉÆý ªÀÄAzÉUÉ
ªÀÄÄAeÁUÀævɬÄAzÁ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀ OµÀ¢üUÀ¼ÀÄ.
GzÁ: mÉʯÉÆù£ï[ Tylosine]

15. ±ÀÄzÀÞ gÀ¸ÁAiÀĤPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß (Pure chemicals)
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸À¨ÁgÀzÀÄ.
 AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà PÁgÀtPÀÆÌ F vÉgÀ£ÁzÀ gÀ¸ÁAiÀĤPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
aQvÉìUÁV E®èªÉà gÉÆÃUÀ vÀqÉUÀlÖ®Ä G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸À¨ÁgÀzÀÄ.
 EzÀÄ OµÀ¢ü ºÉÆA¢gÀĪÀ, ªÉí»PÀ¯ï, KQìæAiÀiÁAmï,
DqÉùªï UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀĪÀÅ¢®è.
 ±ÀÄzÀÞ gÀ¸ÁAiÀĤPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß OµÀ¢üAiÀiÁV
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼À DgÉÆÃUÀåzÀ ªÉÄïÉ
¥ÀjuÁªÀĪÀ£ÀÄß ©ÃgÀÄvÀÛªÉ, ºÁUÀÆ CAUÁ±À ²®ÄÌ ºÉZÀÄѪÀ
¸ÁzsÀåvÉAiÀÄÄ ºÉaÑgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
 ºÁUÁV AiÀiÁªÁUÀ®Æ DAiÀiï.¦.,[I.P] AiÀÄÄ.J¸ï.¦[U.S.P]
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ©.¦ [B.P] UÉæÃqï OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À£Éßà G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ.

16. PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À ¸ÀzÀã¼ÀPÉ ºÉÃUÉ?
1. OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÉÃZÀ£É¬Ä®èzÉà (Indiscriminate) §¼À¸ÀPÀÆqÀzÀÄ
2. DåAn §AiÉÆÃnPï UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤UÀ¢üvÀ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtQÌAvÀ, PÀrªÉÄ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ°è
¥ÉÇæçAiÉÆÃnPï UÀ¼ÁV E®èªÉà ¥ÉÇæÃ¥ÉʯÁåQÖÃPï UÀ¼ÁV §¼À¸ÀPÀÆqÀzÀÄ
3. ¤UÀ¢ü¥Àr¹zÀ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtQÌAvÀ PÀrªÉÄ/ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ°è OµÀ¢ü PÉÆqÀ¨ÁgÀzÀÄ3. ¤UÀ¢ü¥Àr¹zÀ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtQÌAvÀ PÀrªÉÄ/ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ°è OµÀ¢ü PÉÆqÀ¨ÁgÀzÀÄ
4. ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉÆmÉÖ PÉÆýUÀ½UÉ ¤UÀ¢ü¥Àr¹zÀ OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CzÀ®Ä
§zÀ¯ÁV¸À¨ÉÃr
5. ªÉÊeÁ¤PÀ ªÀiÁ»w ºÉÆAzÀzÉÃ, ¥ÀzÉà ¥ÀzÉà OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß §zÀ¯Á¬Ä¸ÀPÀÆqÀzÀÄ
6. eÁ£ÀĪÁgÀÄUÀ½UÉ «Ä¸À°ÃlÖ OµÀzsÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀPÀÆqÀzÀÄ

17. PÁ¯Á²ævÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÀæªÀiÁuÁ²ævÀ fêÁtÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À DAiÉÄÌ
PÁ¯Á²ævÀ fêÁtÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
Need to maintain constant MIC
 ¥É¤ì°£ïì
 ¸ÉÃ¥sÁ¯ÉÆøÉÆàÃj£ïì
 ªÀiÁåPÉÆæðqïì(mÉʯÉÆù£ï)
¥ÀæªÀiÁuÁ²ævÀ fêÁtÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
Possess post-antibiotic effect
 CªÉÄÊ£ÉÆÃUÉèöÊPÉÆøÉÊqïì
 ¥ÉÇèÃgÉÆÃQé£Á¯ÉÆãïì
 mÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì
 £ÉÊmÉÆæëÄqÁeÉÆïïì
 ¥ÉÇèÃgÉÆêÀÄÄn°£ïì (mÁAiÀĪÀÄÄ°£ïì)
 ¸ÉÃ¥sÁªÉÄʹ£ïì

18. ¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ ¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉ ¤ªÁgÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ vs ¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ£Á±ÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ?
¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ ¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉ ¤ªÁgÀPÀ UÀ¼ÀÄ ¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ £Á±ÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
¥ÉÇèÃgÉÆêÀÄÄn°£ïì
(mÁAiÀĪÀÄÄ°£ïì)
¥ÉÇèÃgÉÆÃQé£Á¯ÉÆãïì
ªÀiÁåPÉÆæðqïì(mÉʯÉÆù£ï) CªÉÄÊ£ÉÆÃUÉèöÊPÉÆøÉÊqïì
°APÉÆøÀªÉÄÊqïì ¥É¤ì°£ïì°APÉÆøÀªÉÄÊqïì ¥É¤ì°£ïì
mÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì ¸ÉÃ¥sÁ¯ÉÆøÉÆàÃj£ïì
£ÉÊmÉÆæÃ¥ÉÇÃgÁeÉÆãïì ¸À¯Áá£ÀªÉÄÊqï+mÉæöÊ«ÄxÉƦæªÀiï

19. ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß MUÀÆÎr¹ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¹ªÀÅzÀÄ
MUÀÆÎr¸ÀÄ«PÉ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄ UÀªÀĤ¹/µÀgÁ
¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ ¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉ ¤ªÁgÀPÀ Û[PÉÆý DºÁgÀzÀ°è]
+ ¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ£Á±ÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ [aQvÉìUÁV;During GI-infection]
vÀ¢égÀÄzÀÝ zÀÆgÀ«j¹
¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ£Á±ÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ[ZÀÄZÀÄѪÀÄzÀÄÝUÀ¼ÀÄ]+ ¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ
¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉ ¤ªÁgÀPÀ [PÉÆý ¤ÃgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DºÁgÀzÀ°]
vÀ¢égÀÄzÀÝ zÀÆgÀ«j¹
¥É¤ì°£ïì(Old generation )+¸ÉÃ¥sÁ¯ÉÆøÉÆàÃj£ïì I/ ¥ÀæwgÉÆzsÀ±ÀQÛ zÀÆgÀ«j¹¥É¤ì°£ïì(Old generation )+¸ÉÃ¥sÁ¯ÉÆøÉÆàÃj£ïì I/
IIgen.
¥ÀæwgÉÆzsÀ±ÀQÛ
zÀªÀÄ£À
zÀÆgÀ«j¹
©ÃmÁ ¯ÁåPÁÖªÀiïì + Qé£Á¯ÉÆãïì ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃfvÀ GvÀÛªÀÄ/ AiÉÆÃUÀå
CªÉÄÊ£ÉÆÃUÉèöÊPÉÆøÉÊqïì + Qé£Á¯ÉÆãïì ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃfvÀ GvÀÛªÀÄ/ AiÉÆÃUÀå , DzÀgÉÃ
eÁUÀgÀÆPÀvɬÄAzÀ §¼À¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ
£ÉÊmÉÆæÃ¥ÉÇÃgÁeÉÆãïì * + Qé£Á¯ÉÆãïì vÀ¢égÀÄzÀÝ zÀÆgÀ«j¹
PÉÆèÃgÁA¦ü¤PÁ¯ï* + ªÀiÁåPÉÆæðqïì GzÁ: mÉʯÉÆù£ï vÀ¢égÀÄzÀÝ ¸ÀvÀvÀ zÀÆgÀ«j¹
CªÉÄÊ£ÉÆÃUÉèöÊPÉÆøÉÊqï + PÉÆèÃgÁA¦ü¤PÁ¯ï* vÀ¢égÀÄzÀÝ ¸ÀvÀvÀ zÀÆgÀ«j¹

20. PÉÆý ªÀAiÀĸÀÄì
Consider the age [Guo, et.al., 2013;PLoS ONE]

21. 7. ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀågÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À ¥ÁæªÀÄÄRåvÉAiÀÄ
DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À DAiÉÄÌ
¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ
¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À ªÀUÀð
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀzÀ DzÀåvÉ GzÁºÀgÀuÉ
ªÀUÀð I
(Class I)
(¥ÀæzsÁ£À C¥ÁAiÀÄ)
 ¥ÀæªÀÄÄRªÁV ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå ªÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ°è;
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ
 PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è aQvÉìUÁV PÁ¬ÄÝj¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ
¥ÉÇèÃgÉÆÃQé£Á¯ÉÆãïì:
K£ÉÆæÃ¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï, ¹¥ÉÇæÃ¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï,
¥sÉ¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï,
M¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï,¯ÉªÉÇÃ¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï,
¸Áàgï¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï.
ªÀUÀð II  ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå ªÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ°è ªÀiÁzsÀå«ÄPÀªÁV JjÃvÉÆæêÉÄʹ£ï, ¥É¤ì°£ïì,ªÀUÀð II
(Class II)
(ªÀiÁzsÀå«ÄPÀ C¥ÁAiÀÄ)
 ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå ªÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ°è ªÀiÁzsÀå«ÄPÀªÁV
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ
 PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è aQvÉìUÁV ªÀiÁzsÀå«ÄPÀªÁV
JjÃvÉÆæêÉÄʹ£ï, ¥É¤ì°£ïì,
dAmÁªÉÄʹ£ï,
¸ÉæüÖAiÉÆÃ¥sïgï,¸À¯Áá£ÁªÉÄÊqïì
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ mÉmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì.
ªÀUÀð III
(PÀrªÉÄ C¥ÁAiÀÄ)
Class III
 ªÀÄ£ÀĵÀå ªÉÊzÀåQÃAiÀÄ ±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ°è G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ PÀrªÉÄ,
 PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è aQvÉìUÁV ªÀiÁzsÀå«ÄPÀªÁV G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ
(Majority of them has low per oral
bioavailability)
¨Áå¹mÉæù£ï, ¸ÉÖçÃ¥sÉÇÖêÉÄʹ£ï,
mÉʯÉÆù£ïì, ¸ÉàÃQÖ£ÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï,
¤AiÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
mÁAiÀĪÀÄÄ°£ï
 Farm history and/ or in vitro sensitivity
 Clinical judgment
 Use labeled directions before opt for extra-label
 Narrow spectrum antibiotic, if pathogen is known

22. PÉÆý ¸ÁPÁuÉAiÀÄ EwºÁ¸À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À DzsÀåvÉ
PÁ¬Ä¯É DAiÉÄÌAiÀÄ DzsÀåvÉ ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÉÃvÀgÀ ºÀ¸ÀÛPÉëÃ¥À
PÉÆð¨Á幯ÉÆù¸ï
{Septicemia}
 Class III  Class II
 Class I
CªÉÆäAiÀiÁ/zsÀƽ£À ªÀÄlÖªÀ£ÀÄß PÀrªÉÄ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ,UÁ½QAr
ºÉZÀÄѪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ, ºÉZÀÄÑ ZÀ½/±ÁR¢AzÀ zÀÆgÀ«gÀĸÀĪÀÅzÀÄ,
ºÉPÉÌAiÀÄ vÉêÁA±À PÀrvÀUÉƽ¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. ªÀiÁågÉÃPïì
¤AiÀÄAvÀætzÀ°è¬ÄqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ.
¥sÉÇêïè PÁ¯ÉgÀ
{Septcemia, lung infection,
menigistis, arthritis,cellulitis}
 Class II Class I
 Class III {Extra-label}
PÀpt §AiÉÆøÉPÀÆåjn PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¸ÀwÛgÀĪÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀæªÀĪÁV
«¤AiÉÆÃUÀ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ.
£ÉPÉÆæÃnPï JAngÉÊn¸ï
{Acute to chronic enteritis with
 Class III Class II PÁQìrAiÀiÁ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀÄ «ªÀIJ𹠣ÀAvÀgÀ PÉÆý
ªÀ¸ÀwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ ¤ªÁgÀuÉ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ.
{Acute to chronic enteritis with
necrosis of upper SI}
ªÀ¸ÀwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ ¤ªÁgÀuÉ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ.
ªÉÄÊPÉÆÃ¥sÁè¸Áä
{M.gallisepticum}
Class III Tylosin/ Tiamutin
 Class II Tetracyclines
PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è EgÀĪÀ PÁ¬Ä¯ÉUÉ aQvÉì ¤ÃqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ; PÀpt
§AiÉÆøÉPÀÆåjn PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ.  Class I [India, South Asia]
 Class II [Tetracyclins & Erythromycin,
if M. synoviae]
¸Á¯Áä£É¯ÉÆèù¸ï
{Brooder house Eggs, Later
Poults}
 Class III limited basis
 Class II limited basis
May require Extra-label
¸ÀAvÁ£ÉÆÃvÁàzÀ£ÉUÁV Ej¹zÀ ªÀÄAzÉAiÀÄ gÀPÀÛ ¥ÀjÃPÉë
ªÀiÁr¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ; £ÀAvÀgÀ PÁåjAiÀÄgï PÉÆýUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀzsÉ
ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ [Prevent vertical transmission via eggs]
¸ÁÖ¥sÁå¯ÉÆÃPÁPÀ¸ï
{Hock &Footpad,Swollen head-
celllulitis; Osteomyelitis}
 Class II Penicillins,
 Cephalexin,
 Erythromycin

gÉÆÃUÀzÀ ªÀÄlÖªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀjÃQë £ÀAvÀgÀ OµÀzsÉÆÃ¥ÀZÀgÀ
ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. Identify the predisposing factors; Upper
respiratory infection ?

23. fêÀ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀ PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ: ¤Ãj£À ±ÀÄavÀé
OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ ¤Ãj£À ±ÀÄavÀéPÁÌV ¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ vÀqÉUÀlÄÖªÀÅzÀPÁÌV
PÉÆèÃj£ï qÉÊDPÉìöÊqï 1«Ä.°Ã / °Ã ¤ÃjUÉ 20 «Ä.°Ã / °Ã. ¤ÃjUÉ
DQìqÉʹAUï KeÉAmïì +
DUÁåð¤Pï Då¹qï + ¸À¥sÉðÃPÉÖAmïì
1 UÁæA / °Ã ¤ÃjUÉ 4 UÁæA / °Ã. ¤ÃjUÉ
During N.D & I.B.D outbreakDUÁåð¤Pï Då¹qï + ¸À¥sÉðÃPÉÖAmïì
DAiÉÆÃr£ï ±ÉÃ-0.01, 1«Ä.°Ã / 10°Ã
¤ÃjUÉ
±Éà 0.1, 10«Ä.°Ã /1°Ã. ¤ÃjUÉ
¥sÀgï Då¹nPï Då¹qï +H2O2 +
DUÁåð¤Pï Då¹qï
1-2 «Ä.°Ã / 20°Ã ¤ÃjUÉ 4 «Ä.°Ã / °Ã. ¤ÃjUÉ
¨ÉÃeÉʯï PÉÆäAiÀĪÀiï PÉÆèÃgÉÊqï 1 «Ä.°Ã / 20°Ã ¤ÃjUÉ 1 «Ä.°Ã / °Ã. ¨ÉZÀÑ£ÉAiÀÄ ¤ÃjUÉ
[For cleaning table Eggs]

24. fêÀ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀ PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ- ¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ ¤ªÁgÀPÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀzÀã¼ÀPÉ
¸ÉÆÃAPÀĤªÁgÀPÀ ¨ÁåQÖÃj¸ÉÊqÀ¯ï ¸ÉÆàÃj¸ÉÊqÀ¯ï ªÉÊj¸ÉÊqÀ¯ï ¥sÀAV¸ÉÊqÀ¯ï ¥ÁågÁ¸ÉÊn¸ÉÊqÀ¯ï
C¯ÉÆÌúÀ¯ï
Alcohol
++++ - ++ + -
ºÁå¯ÉÆÃf£ïì
Iodophores; Hypochlorins
++++ - ++ + -
PÀÆå. J. ¹/ Q.A.C ++++ - + + -PÀÆå. J. ¹/ Q.A.C ++++ - + + -
¦ü£Á°Pïì / Phenol ++++ - - - -
PÉÆïÁmÁ¸ïð ++++ - - -
D°ØºÉÊqïì/ HCHO ++++ + ++ ++ +
DQìqÉʹAUï KeÉAmïì
KMnO4 & H2O2
+++ - - - -

25. ºÁåZÀjà ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀ PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ- ªÉÆmÉÖUÀ½UÉ aQvÉì
Egg Dipping in Antimicrobial Solution
Gentamicin: 0.5g.L-1 ; Tylosin 1g.L-11g /Lt
ªÉÆmÉÖUÀ¼ÀÄ
37-380¹ UÉ E£ÀÆÌ÷å¨ÉÃl¤èð ElÄÖ ¨ÉZÀÑUÉ ªÀiÁqÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ
[mÉʯÉÆù£ï/JjxÉÆæêÉÄʹ£ï/dAmÁªÉÄʹ£ï]
zÀæªÀzÀ ±ÁR 1.7 – 4.40¹ gÀ¶ÖgÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄzÀæªÀzÀ ±ÁR 1.7 – 4.40¹ gÀ¶ÖgÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ
ªÉÆmÉÖUÀ¼À£ÀÄß 0.04% - 0.1% ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄfë¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ zÀæªÀzÉÆA¢UÉ
10 jAzÀ 30 ¤. ªÀÄļÀÄV¹qÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
ºÁUÁV ªÉÆmÉÖAiÀÄ ªÉÄðgÀĪÀ gÀAzsÀæUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄfë¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀªÀÅ
¥ÀæªÉò¸ÀĪÀÅzÀjAzÀ ªÀÄjUÀ½UÉ ªÀUÁðªÁUÀĪÀ ¸ÉÆÃAPÀ£ÀÄß
¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁjAiÀiÁV vÀqÉUÀlÖ§ºÀÄzÀÄ

26. 9. OµÀzsÉÆÃ¥ÀZÀgÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÁAwæPÀªÁV ¥ÀæªÀiÁt§zÀÝUÉƽ¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
[Tiamulin in water vs feed (~ 12.5mg.kg-1 ) to prevent vertical transmission]
David G.S Burch, 2009

27. DzsÀĤPÀ ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À DAiÉÄÌ……
¸É¥sÉÇïÉÆøÉÆáj£ïì
First generation: ¨Á¬Ä ªÀÄÆ®PÀ: ¸É¥sÁ¯ÉQì£ï
• ¥ÀæªÀÄÄRªÁV Gram +ve; weak: Gram -ve
• ªÀÄÄRåªÁV ©ÃmÁ ¯ÁåPÁÖªÉÄøï +ve; S.aureaus
• PÁæ¸ï gɹ¸ÉÖAmï - ¥É¤ì°£ïì( Ampicillin, Amoxicillin)
Second generation: ¨Á¬Ä ªÀÄÆ®PÀ: ¸É¥sÁPÉÆèÃgï
• CªÀ±ÀåªÁV Gram -ve; weak acticity:Gram +ve
• gɹ¸ÉÖAmï- ©ÃmÁ ¯ÁåPÁÖªÉÄÃ¸ï• gɹ¸ÉÖAmï- ©ÃmÁ ¯ÁåPÁÖªÉÄøï
Third generation: ¨Á¬Ä ªÀÄÆ®PÀ: ¸É¦üÃPÉìöʪÀiï, ZÀÄZÀÄѪÀÄzÀÄÝ: ¸É¦üÖAiÉÆÃ¥sïgï
• ¥ÀæªÀÄÄRªÁV- JAnÃgÉÆèÁåQÖÃjAiÉÄù
• ºÉaÑzÀ ZÀlĪÀnPÉ against Gram-ve ; Active against anaerobes
• gɹ¸ÉÖAmï- ©ÃmÁ ¯ÁåPÁÖªÉÄøï
Fourth generation: ¸Éæü¥sÉʪÀiï
• PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀ §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w¬Ä®è.
• ºÉaÑzÀ ZÀlĪÀnPÉ against Gram-ve and anaerobes
• Highly resistant to ß-lactamase

28. PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è ªÀiÁåPÉÆæðqÀìUÀ¼À £ÁåAiÀħzÀÞ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ
JjvÉÆæêÉÄʹ£ï- mÉʯÉÆù£ï-¸ÉáöÊgÁªÉÄʹ£ï- n°äPÉÆù£ï
Selection of
 ªÀ¸ÀÄÛ«£À ªÀÄÆ®, ±Áé¸ÀPÉÆñÀzÀ°è OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀiÁt (Acidic-trapping)
 PÀgÀļÀÄ AiÀÄPÀÈvï£À ¸ÉÊQèAUï : Concentrate in bile
 PÉÆñÀzÉƼÀV£À ¥ÀæªÀiÁt > 20 times Plasma
 75% ¥sÁè¸Áä ¥ÉÇæÃn£ï §AzsÀ
 ±Áé¸ÀPÉÆñÀ- UÁ½ aî-AiÀÄPÀÈvï- ªÀÄÆvÀæ¦AqÀ- ¥ÀÇègÁ-
 D¸ÉÊnPï zÀæªÀ- ªÉÄzÀÄ CAUÁA±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄD¸ÉÊnPï zÀæªÀ- ªÉÄzÀÄ CAUÁA±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
 ¥É¤ì°£ïUÉ gɹìmÉAmï EzÀÝ°è
 Gram +ve and Mycoplasma/Chlymydia ¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ EzÁÝUÀ
 ºÉZÀÄÑ ºÉZÀÄÑ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¹zÁUÀ - Cholistatic hepatitis ?
 PÀgÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÇåºÀ £À ªÉÃUÀ eÁ¹ÛAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ/ vÉÆAzÀgÉAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
 QêÀÅ vÀÄA©zÀ/ PÉƼÉvÀ fÃuÁðAUÀzÀ°èè OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ UÀÄt PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ

29. PÀ¤µÀ× ¥ÀPÀë ¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ ¦ÃrvÀ CAUÁUÀ¼À DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À DAiÉÄÌ
Organ directed prescription policy
¸ÉÆÃAPÀÄ ¦ÃrvÀ CAUÁUÀ¼ÀÄ OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À DAiÉÄÌ
±Áé¸ÀPÉÆñÀ- UÁ½ aî- UÀAl®Ä gɹágÉÃmÁj ¥sÀÇègÉÆÃQé£Á¯ÉÆãïì
n®ÆäPÉÆù£ï, JjvÉÆæêÉÄʹ£ï
ªÀÄÆvÀæ¦AqÀ ¥É¤ì°£ïì ,mÉmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì ,J¥sÁæªÉÄʹ£ï
AiÀÄPÀÈvï ¥É¤ì°£ïì ,mÉmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì ,J¥sÁæªÉÄʹ£ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
¸ÉÃ¥sÁ¯ÉÆøÉÆàÃj£ïì¸ÉÃ¥sÁ¯ÉÆøÉÆàÃj£ïì
doÀgÀ- PÀgÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÇåºÀ DªÉÄÊ£ÉÆøÉÊQèÃmÁ¯ïì[¸ÉàÃQÖ£ÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï] J¥sÁæªÉÄʹ£ï,
DªÉÄÊ£ÉÆÃUÉèöÊPÉƸÉÊqïì: ¤ÃAiÉƪÉÄʹ£ï
¦vÀÛ gÀ¸À/ doÀgÀ- PÀgÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÇåºÀ ¥sɤPÁ¯ïì*
G½zÀ E¤ßvÀgÀ CAUÁUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸À¯Áá£ÁªÉÄÊqïì + mÉæöÊ«ÄxÉÆæüæªÀiï
¥sÀÇègÉÆÃQé£Á¯ÉÆãïì
ªÀiÁåPÉÆæðqï ì[mÉʯÉÆù£ï, ¸ÉàöÊgÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï]
°APÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï

30. WTO/ GATS :148 member countries ,160 Services
WTO

Sanitary & Phytosanitory Measures(SPS)

FAO / WHO

IPPC: Int.Plant Protection Commission
CAC : Codex Alimentarius CommissionCAC : Codex Alimentarius Commission

Codex committee n Food hygiene/
Food additives/Pesticide residues/
Codex committee on residues
of Veterinary drugs in foods
(CCRVDF)

31. ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À CªÀgÉÆÃzsÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CzÀgÀ ªÀUÁðªÀuÉ
[Antibiotic Resistance and its Transmission]

32. UÀjµÀ× OµÀzsÀ ±ÉõÀ/²°Ì£À ªÀÄlÖ
Maximum Residual Level (MRL)
• MRL: Country specific, hence trade disputes
• MRL: Species - Tissue - Commodity specific
• MRL: US FDA, EU, Japan, Australia, CAC -MRL
Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC)
• CCRVDF: Codex Committee on residues of veterinary drugs in foods• CCRVDF: Codex Committee on residues of veterinary drugs in foods
• CCRFFP: Codex Committee on residues in fish and fish products
• Regional: FAO/WHO Codex Committee for South Asia
• Ad hoc: Ad hoc task force on animal feeds
• Official : Lowest between bacteriological & toxicological MRL
MRL

33. PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è OµÀ¢ü »A¥ÀqÉzÀ £ÀAvÀgÀ CAUÁ±ÀzÀ°ègÀĪÀ ¥ÀæªÀiÁt
Tissue concentrations (μg.g-1) in Chickens After Drug Withdrawal
CAUÁUÀ OµÀ¢ü »A¥ÀqÉzÀ
£ÀAvÀgÀ ¢£ÀUÀ¼À°è
No of days after
Drug Withdrawal
mÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì qÁQì¸ÉÊQèãïì £Ágï¥sÉèÃPÁìQì£ï
(M1:-oxo/ M2: desethyl)
J£ïgÉÆÃ¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï
M1:¹¥ÉÇæÃ¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï
ªÀiÁA¸À
RAqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
1
3
5
6
12
0.23
0.15
0.031
-
-
1.18
0.26
0.06
-
-
0.29(0.21/ 0.54)
-
0.21(0.22/0.32)
-
ND (0.008/0.05)
0.54 (0.65)
-
-
ND (1.18)
ND (0.010)
AiÀÄPÀÈvï 1
3
0.30
0.18
0.90
0.54
0.65 (0.32/0.93)
-
0.99(0.96)
-3
5
6
12
0.18
0.050
-
-
0.54
0.12
-
-
-
0.24(0.16/0.77)
-
0.05(.034/0.10)
-
-
0.41(1.37)
0.025(0.071)
ªÀÄÆvÀæ¦AqÀ 1
3
5
6
12
0.43
0.21
0.13
-
-
1.92
0.93
0.17
-
-
0.92(0.24/1.09)
-
0.39(0.12/0.67)
-
0.05(0.04/0.07)
0.91(3.02)
-
-
0.32(0.90)
PÉƧÄâ 1
3
5
6
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.37(0.110.36)
-
0.20(0.08/0.31)
-
0.05(0.022/0.06)
0.35(0.32)
-
-
ND(ND)
ND(ND)
Anadon et.al.
Anadon.A, and Martinez-Larranaga, M.R :
1993 In: Euro
Residues
1994 in Avain
Pathology
1992 in Am .J Vet .Res 1995 in Am .J Vet. R

34. ¥ÉÇæçAiÉÆÃnPï UÀ¼À ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ
Safe Nutritional Use of Antimicrobials…
PÉÆý DºÁgÀzÀ°è ¥ÉÇæçAiÉÆÃnPïUÀ¼À G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀzÀ ªÀÄlÖ »AvÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀ PÁ¯ÁªÀ¢ü
Withdrawal
Period
fÃAPï ¨Áå¹ìmÉæù£ï/Bacitracin 4-50g.ton-1
[Zinc or methylene disalicyate]
‘5’¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days
PPÉÆèÃgï mÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì /Chlortetracycline 5-50g.ton-1
‘0’ ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days
°APÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï/ Lincomycin 2-4g.ton-1
‘0’¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days°APÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï/ Lincomycin 2-4g.ton-1
‘0’¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days
DQìmÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãïì / Oxytetracycline 5-100g.ton-1
‘0’ ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days
gÉÆÃPÁì¸ÉÆðãï/ Roxarsone 0.0025-0.005 % ‘0’ ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days
«fðäAiÀiÁªÉÄʹ£ï/ Virginiamycin 5-20g.ton-1
0 ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days
mÉʯÉÆù£ï/ Tylosin 4-50g.ton-1
0 ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days
¥sÀÇgÁeÉÆïïqÁ£ï Furazolidone* 0.00083-0.0011%
EU, US FDA & Codex MRL =‘0’
5 ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days
D¸Éð¯ï ¤Pï C¹qï/Arsanilic acid
¸ÉÆÃrAiÀĪÀiïá D¸Éð¤¯Áåmï/Sodium arsanilate 0.01%
5 ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ/days

35. E½PÉ PÀæªÀiÁAPÀzÀ¼À°è PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è PÉ®ªÉÇAzÀÄ OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À CAUÁ±À ²®ÄÌ ¥ÀæªÀiÁt
Ranking of tissue residues certain drugs in decreasing order in poultry
AiÀÄPÀÈvï ªÀÄÆvÀæ¦AqÀ ªÀiÁA¸À
RAqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
ZÀªÀÄð + PÉƧÄâ PÉƧÄâ
qÉÃPÉÆQéãÉÃmï 3 2 4 1 -
qÉÊPÁèdÆj¯ï 1 2 3 4 -
qÁQì¸ÉÊQèãï 2 1 3 - -
¥ÉÇèÃgï¥sɤPÁ¯ï 1 2 4 3 -
ºÁå¯ÉÆÃ¥ÀÇf£ÉÆãï 1 2 4 3 -
¯Áå¸Á¯ÉÆùqï 1 3 4 2 -
°APÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï 1 2 - 3 -
1 4 5 2 2£ÁgÀ¹£ï 1 4 5 2 2
ªÀÄqÀÄgÁªÉÄʹãï 1 - 2 - -
ªÉÆãɤì£ï 1 3 4 2 -
gÉÆèÉär£ï 1 3 4 2 -
¸Áå°£ÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï 1 3 3 - 2
¸ÉªÀiï qÀÆågÁªÉÄʹ£ï 1 2 3 5 4
¸ÉàÃQÖ£ÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï 3 2 4 1 -
mÁAiÀiÁªÀÄÄ°£ï 1 - 3 2 -
nîÆäPÉÆù£ï 1 2 3 3 3
mÉæöʪÉÄÃvÉÆææªÀiï
Note: 1>2> 3> 4 > 5
1 2 3 - 4

36. K¥ÁæªÉÄʹ£ï
vÁeÁ PÉÆý ªÀiÁA¸À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ G¥À GvÀà£ÀßUÀ¼À°è CAUÁ±À ²®ÄÌ vÀqÉUÀlÄÖªÀ°è ÷¨sÁgÀvÀ ¸ÀPÁðgÀzÀ ¤§AzsÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ
EIC: Regulatory programme for Control of Residues in Fresh Poultry meat & Poultry meat products
(For export to Non-EU countries (in units approved for export to all countries except EU dt. 14.3.2012
Set/
Group
Substances to be
monitored
Compound /marker residue Level of action above which
deemed non- compliance
MRPL/ MRL [μg.kg-1]
Set5 /A6 PÉÆèÃgÁA¥sÉí¤PÁ¯ï Chloramphenicol 0.3μg.kg-1
£ÉÊmÉÆæÃ¥ÀÇågÁ£Á֬ģï
ªÉÄÃmÁ¨ÉÆïÁAiÀiïÖ
¥ÀÇågÁ¯ÁÖqÉÆ£ï
ªÉÄÃmÁ¨ÉÆïÁAiÀiïÖ
Aminohydantoin (AHD)
3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl -2-
1.0μg.kg-1
1.0μg.kg-1
ªÉÄÃmÁ¨ÉÆïÁAiÀiïÖ
£ÉÊmÉÆæÃ¥ÀÇågÁ£Á֬ģï
ªÉÄÃmÁ¨ÉÆïÁAiÀiïÖ
¥ÀÇågÁ¯ÁÖqÉÆ£ï
ªÉÄÃmÁ¨ÉÆïÁAiÀiïÖ
oxazolidinone (AMOZ)
Amino-oxazolidinone (AOZ)
Semicarbazide (SEM)
1.0μg.kg-1
1.0μg.kg-1
£ÉÊmÉÆæëÄÃqÁeÉÆìïïì Dimetridazole
Ipronidazole
Metronidazole
Ronidazole
1.0μg.kg-1
1.0μg.kg-1
1.0μg.kg-1
1.0μg.kg-1
Set-6/B1 DåAn¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁUÀ¼ÀÄ Amoxycillin
Difloxacin
Doxycycline
Muscle/Fat/Liver/Kidney: 50
Muscle:300, Fat:400, Liver:
1900, Kidney: 600μg.kg-1
Muscle-100, Fat-300, Liver-300,

37. vÁeÁ PÉÆý ªÀiÁA¸À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ G¥À GvÀà£ÀßUÀ¼À°è CAUÁ±À ²®ÄÌ vÀqÉUÀlÄÖªÀ°è ÷¨sÁgÀvÀ ¸ÀPÁðgÀzÀ ¤§AzsÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ
EIC: Regulatory Programme for Control of Residues In Fresh Poultry Meat & Poultry meat Products
(For export to Non-EU countries (in units approved for export to all countries except EU)
dt. 14.3.2012
Set/
Group
Substances to be monitored Compound /marker residue Level of action above which
deemed non- compliance
MRPL/ MRL [μg.kg-1]
-contd.
Set-6/B1
DåAn ¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁUÀ¼ÀÄ Flumiquine Muscle:400, Fat:250, Liver:800,
Kidney:1000 μg.kg-1
Oxolinic Acid Muscle:100, Fat:50, Liver /
Kidney:150 μg.kg-1
Sulphonamides
[Sulfadimidine, Sulfadiazine,
Muscle/Fat/Liver/Kidney:
100 μg.kg-1 (Combined limit)[Sulfadimidine, Sulfadiazine,
Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfadoxine,
Sulfamethazine, Sulfanilamide,
Sulfamirazine,
Sulfamethoxypyridazine,
Sulfamethiazole, Sulfathiazol]
100 μg.kg-1 (Combined limit)
Sum of Chlorotetracycline
and 4-epi- Chlorotetracycline
Sum of Oxytetracycline and
4-epi- Oxytetracycline
Sum of Tetracycline and
4-epi-Tetracycline
Muscle:100, Liver:300
Kidney: 600 μg.kg-1
-do-
-do-
Trimethoprim Muscle/Fat/Liver/Kidney:50 μg.kg-1

38. ªÉÆmÉÖ PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À »A¥ÀqÉAiÀÄĪÀ CªÀ¢ü
Antimicrobials in Layers (risk) and suggested withdrawal period
OµÀ¢ü F.AiÀÄÄ
JA.Dgï.J¯ï
AiÀÄÄ J¸ï J
JA.Dgï.J¯ï
OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀiÁt ü / PÁ¯ÁªÀ¢ü ¸ÀÆa¹gÀĪÀ ».C.
mÉʯÉÆù£ï CAVÃPÀÈvÀ
200ug.kg-1
CAVÃPÀÈvÀ
200ug.kg-1
¤ÃgÀÄ :500mg.Lx 5¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
DºÁgÀ: 200mg.kgx7¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
E.ªÉÆ: 8 ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÉÆmÉÖ: 0
DQìmÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãï CAVÃPÀÈvÀ
200ug.kg-1
C£Àé¬Ä¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è ¤ÃgÀÄ 100mg.Lx5¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÉÄêÀÅ/DºÁgÀ:25mg.kgx28
¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
AiÉÆÃPï =0; D®Äâ«Ä£ï=0
E.ªÉÆ. =0
PÉÆèÃgïmÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãï CAVÃPÀÈvÀ CAVÃPÀÈvÀ ¤ÃgÀÄ : 500mg.Lx7¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÉÄêÀÅ/DºÁg:
600mg.Lx9d
ªÉÆmÉÖ=6¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÉÆmÉÖ=>9¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
200ug.kg-1 400ug.kg-1
ªÉÄêÀÅ/DºÁg
600mg.Lx9d¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÉÆmÉÖ ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
mÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèãï
D¦ü¹°Ã£ï
dAmÁªÉÄʹ£ï
CAVÃPÀÈvÀ
200ug.kg-1
C£Àé¬Ä¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è ¤ÃgÀÄ : 250mg.Lx5d¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÉÆmÉÖ=6¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
KjxÉÆæêÉÄʹ£ï CAVÃPÀÈvÀ
150ug.kg-1
CAVÃPÀÈvÀ
25ug.kg-1
¤ÃgÀÄ : 500mg.Lx5¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÉÆÃPï=7; D®Äâ«Ä£ï=3
DåA¦ü¹°Ã£ï C£Àé¬Ä¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è C£Àé¬Ä¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è ¤ÃgÀÄ : 100mg.Lx5¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ E.ªÉÆ.=0
dAmÁªÉÄʹ£ï C£Àé¬Ä¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è C£Àé¬Ä¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è Inj: 10mg.kg-1xs.c or i.m AiÉÆÃPï=7; D®Äâ«Ä£ï=3
PÉÆèÃgÁA¦üí¤PÁ¯ï ¤µÉÃzsÀªÀiÁrzÉ ¤µÉÃzsÀªÀiÁrzÉ ¤ÃgÀÄ :40mg.Lx7d¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ AiÉÆÃPï=7; D®Äâ«Ä£ï=4
¤AiÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï C£Àé¬Ä¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è
500ug.kg-1
C£Àé¬Ä¸ÀĪÀÅ¢®è ¤ÃgÀÄ : 0.25g.Lx5¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ E.ªÉÆ=0 ¢£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

39. OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À ±ÉõÁA±À vÀqÉUÀmÉÖUÀ®Ä ÷ºÉZÀÄѪÀj vÀ¯ÉaÃn OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À PÀrªÉÄ §¼ÀPÉ
Reduced extra-Label use to meet MRL standards
 ºÉZÀÄѪÀj vÀ¯ÉaÃn (Extra-Label) OµÀ¢üUÀ¼ÀÄ:-AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
CzÀgÀ ¤UÀ¢üvÀ ¥ÀæªÀiÁtQÌAvÀ ºÉZÁÑV, ¤UÀ¢üvÀ ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ §zÀ¯ÁV ¨ÉÃgÉ
«zsÁ£À §¼À¹, MAzÀÄ CAUÁUÀ ¸ÉÆÃAQUÉ ¤UÀ¢ü ¥Àr¹gÀĪÀ OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
¨ÉÃgÉÆAzÀÄ CAUÁUÀ ¸ÉÆÃAQvÀPÉÌ §¼À¹, ¨ÉÃgÉ ¥ÁætÂUÀ¼ÀUÉ PÁ¬ÄÝj¹gÀĪÀ
OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉÆýUÀ½UÉ ¤ÃqÀĪÀ, ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ºÉZÀÄѪÀj vÀ¯ÉaÃnOµÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉÆýUÀ½UÉ ¤ÃqÀĪÀ, ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ºÉZÀÄѪÀj vÀ¯ÉaÃn
OµÀ¢üUÀ¼ÁUÀÄvÀÛªÉ.
 F vÉgÀ£ÁV §¼À¸ÀĪÀ OµÀ¢üUÀ½AzÀ PÉÆý ªÀiÁA¸À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉÆmÉÖUÀ¼À°è
OµÀ¢üÃAiÀÄ ±ÉõÀ/ ²®ÄÌ ºÉZÁÑUÀĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀåvÉ EgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ºÁUÁV CvÀåAvÀ
CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉ EzÀÝ°è ªÀiÁvÀæ §¼À¸ÀvÀPÀÌzÀÄÝÄ.

40. OµÀ¢ü ZÀ®£É ªÉÄÃ¯É PÁQìÃrAiÉÆøÁÖmï UÀ¼À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
mÁQì£ï ¨ÉÊAqÀgï UÀ¼À ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄ
Impact of coccidiostats/toxin binders on drug kinetics & consequence
mÁAiÀĪÀÄÄ°£ï ªÉÆãɤì£ï
£ÁgÀ¹£ï
vÀÆPÀ PÀrªÉĪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ,«µÀPÁgÀvÉ, vÀÆPÀ
PÀrªÉĪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ, «µÀPÁgÀvÉ,¹®ÄÌ G½PÉUÉ C¸ÀàzÀ
mÁAiÀĪÀÄÄ°£ï ªÀÄzÀÄgÀªÉÄʹ£ï
¸ÉêÀÄÆØgÀªÉÄʹ£ï
ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà vÉÆAzÀgɬĮè
ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà vÉÆAzÀgɬĮè
mÁAiÀĪÀÄÄ°£ï ¯Áå¸Á¯Éƹqï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà vÉÆAzÀgɬĮè
mÁAiÀĪÀÄÄ°£ï ¸Áå°£ÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï [Salinomycin] fêÀ¥ÀZÀAiÀÄ QæAiÉÄUÉ vÀqÉ GAlĪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ,
¹®ÄÌ G½PÉUÉ C¸ÀàzÀ¹®ÄÌ G½PÉUÉ C¸ÀàzÀ
Inhibit drug metabolism
mÉʯÉÆù£ï
JjÃxÉÆæêÉÄʹ£ï
nïïªÉÄÊPÉÆù£ï
¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå §gÀºÀ ¸ÀÆaUÀ¼ÀÄ
[many prescriptions]
fêÀ¥ÀZÀAiÀÄ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ QtéUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÀqÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¹®ÄÌ G½PÉUÉ C¸ÀàzÀ
Inhibit drug metabolism
¤ÃPÁ¨Áðfì£ï
gÉÆèɤr£ï
¨ÉAmÉÆãÉÊmï[Bentonite]
/ «µÀ §AzsÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ[toxin binders]
eÉÊ«PÀ ®¨sÀåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÀrªÉĪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
J£ÉÆæÃ¥sÉèPÁìQì£ï GvÉÛÃf¹zÀ ªÀĹ/ ºÉZï.J¸ï.¹.J.J¸ï
[HSCAS] / Chlorine rich water
OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ UÀÄt ªÀÄvÀÄÛ eÉÊ«PÀ ®¨sÀåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
PÀrªÉĪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
mÉʯÉÆù£ï
°APÉÆêÉÄʹ£ï
¨ÉAmÉÆãÉÊmï[Bentonite] OµÀ¢üAiÀÄ UÀÄt ªÀÄvÀÄÛ eÉÊ«PÀ ®¨sÀåvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
PÀrªÉĪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ

41. PÁQìrÃAiÉÆøÁÖmï UÀ¼À »AvÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀ CªÀ¢üAiÀÄ §gÀºÀ ¸ÀÆa
Prescribed Withdrawal period for Cocciodiostates
PÁQìrÃAiÉÆøÁÖmï UÀ¼ÀÄ
Cocciodiostates
ªÀiÁA¸À/ªÉÆmÉÖ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ
Broiler/Layer
»AvÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀ CªÀ¢(¢£ÀUÀ¼À°è)
Withdrawal period(days)
DªÉÆáçðAiÀiÁªÀiï ªÉÆmÉÖ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ{¤ÃgÀÄ CxÀªÁ DºÁgÀzÀ°è} ‘0’
qÉʤÃmÉÆïÁªÉÄÊqï ªÉÆmÉÖ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ[at ‘risk period’]
ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ
1-3
‘0’
¤ÃPÁ¨Áðfì£ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ 4
ºÁå¯ÉÆÃ¥ÀÇf£ÉÆÃ£ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ 4
¯Áå¸À¯ÉÆùqï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ ‘0’
ªÀÄzÀÄgÁªÉÄʹ£ï /¸ÉêÀÄÆØgÁªÉÄʹ£ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ 5 / 5
ªÉÆãɤì£ï/£ÁgÀ¹£ï/¸Áå°£ÉÆù£ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ ‘0’
PÉÆèæüqÁ¯ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ 5
qÉÊPÁèdÄj¯ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ ‘0’
¸À¯ÁáªÉÄÃxÁf£ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ 10
¸À¯ÁáQé£ÁPÁì¯ÉÆÃ£ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ [0.17g.L-1]
10
DQìmÉÃmÁæ¸ÉÊQèÃ£ï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ [200g.ton-1] 3
qÉPÉÆÃQé£ÉÃmï ªÀiÁA¸ÀzÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ ‘0’

42. ºÉZÀÄѪÀj vÀ¯ÉaÃn OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §¼À¹zÀ°è CAUÁUÀ ²®ÄÌ vÀqÉUÀlÄÖªÀ §UÉ
Residue Avoidance used Extra –label
EU Directive 2001/82EC Amended 2004 /28/EC
 ¤²ÑvÀªÁzÀ PÉÆý vÀ½UÀ£ÀÄUÀÄtªÁV ªÀiÁ£Àå ªÀiÁrgÀĪÀ
DºÁgÀ ¸ÀAPÀ°vÀUÀ¼À£Éß [feed additives]
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
 ²¥sÁgÀ¸ÀÄì ªÀiÁrgÀĪÀ OµÀ¢ü »AqÉAiÀÄĪÀ
PÁ¯ÁªÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ZÁZÀÄ vÀ¥ÀàzÉà ¥Á°¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
 vÀÄA¨Á CªÀ±ÀåPÀ«zÁÝUÀ ªÀiÁvÀæªÉà ºÉZÀÄѪÀj vÀ¯ÉaÃn
OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À£ÀÄß G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
Commodity Withdrawal days
if used extra-label
Poultry- Eggs 7 days
OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À£ÀÄß G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
 ¤²ÑvÀªÁzÀ/ ¸ÀjAiÀiÁzÀ zÁR®wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¤ªÀðºÀuÉ
ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
 CAUÁUÀ ²°Ì£À §UÉÎ £ÀdgÀÄ PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß
[surveillance programmes] C¼ÀªÀr¹PÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ
Milk 7days
Meat: Poultry,
Mammals
28days
Fish 500°C days

43. CAUÁUÀ ²®ÄÌ PÀAqÀÄ »rAiÀĪÀ ¥ÀjÃPÉëUÀ¼ÀÄ
Screening tests for residue detection
{{{Internal Quality Control Tests}
ªÀiÁA¸À RAqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ (Poultry muscle)
• 3-plate test (K. rhizophila, B. cereus, and E. coli) for detection and
presumptive identification of tetracyclines, β-lactam and quinolones
• Plate assays based on B. subtilis, B. cereus, and E. coli (specific
detection of quinolones)
ªÀÄÆvÀæ ¦AqÀzÀ zÀæªÀ (Renal pelvis fluid )(Nouws method)
• Renal pelvis fluid: 5-plate test NAT (B. subtilis, B. cereus,
B. pumilus, K. rhizophila, and Y. ruckeri)
• Bacillus stearothemophilus
• 147⁰F (64 ⁰C) for 3 hrs
B. pumilus, K. rhizophila, and Y. ruckeri)
ªÀiÁA¸À RAqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉÆmÉÖUÀ¼ÀÄ(Poultry muscle & egg)
• Plate assay based on Y. ruckeri and Premi®Test (specific detection of
quinolones)
ªÀiÁA¸À RAqÀzÀ zÀæªÀ (Poultry muscle fluid)
• EU 4-plate test, B. stearothermophilus disk assay and Premi®Test
comparison
CAUÁUÀ zÀæªÀ (Poultry tissue fluid)
• Premi®Test (B. stearothermophilus)
ªÉÆmÉÖ/CAUÁUÀ¼ÀÄ Egg/Poultry tissue
• Klebsiella pneumoniae plate test (Specific detection of quinolones)

44. ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ fë¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À £ÁåAiÀħzÀÝ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ : ¸ÁgÁA±À
Judicious Antibiotic Use: Summary
1. ¥À±ÀÄ ªÉÊzÀågÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉÆý ¸ÁPÁuÉzÁgÀgÀ°è £ÁåAiÀĸÀªÀÄävÀ ¨ÁAzsÀªÀå
1. A valid poultry veterinarian-client-relationship
1.Closely monitor antibiotic usage in poultry flocks
2. Production mangers, veterinarians in close contact with
service persons and individual usersservice persons and individual users
2. ºÉZÀÄѪÀj vÀ¯ÉaÃn OµÀ¢üUÀ¼À G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀªÀ£ÀÄß PÀrªÉÄ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ/zÀÆgÀ«j¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
2. Extra-label use must be avoided or limited
1. Govt of India - ECI
2. Food Safety Act, 2006

45. ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ fë¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À £ÁåAiÀħzÀÝ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ : ¸ÁgÁA±À
Judicious Antibiotic Use: Summary
3. ¸ÀªÀÄAd¸ÀªÁVzÀÝ°è £ÁågÉÆà ¸ÉàÃPïÖçA DAn §AiÉÆÃnPï UÀ¼À£ÉßÃ
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
3. Use narrow spectrum antibiotics when relevant
1. Use culture & sensitivity test result for therapeutic success
2. Determine changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns
4. gÉÆÃUÀ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ ±ÀQÛ PÀrªÉÄ EgÀĪÀ PÉÆýUÀ¼À°è ¨ÁåQÖÃjAiÀiÁ¸ÁÖnPï UÀ¼À£ÀÄß
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀzÉ EgÀĪÀÅzÀÄ M½vÀÄ.
4. Avoid bacteriostatics in flocks with poor immunity
1. Chronic or frequent infections
2. Infection consequent to Infectious bursal disease [IBD]

46. ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ fë¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À £ÁåAiÀħzÀÝ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ : ¸ÁgÁA±À
5. PÉÆýUÀ¼ÀÄ PÁ¬Ä¯É¬ÄAzÀ §¼À®ÄwÛzÀÝ°è aQvÀìPÀ ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ fë¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À
§¼ÀPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ÄwAiÀÄ°èqÀĪÀÅqÀÄ
5. Limit therapeutic antibiotics to ill or birds at risk
 Birds housed adjacently and not clinically ailing should
not be medicated
 Do not medicate during non-bacterial uncomplicated Do not medicate during non-bacterial uncomplicated
viral infections.
6. EvÀgÉ aQvÀìPÁ DAiÉÄÌUÀ¼À£ÀÄß RqÁØAiÀĪÁV ¥ÀjUÀt¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
6. Other therapeutic options must be considered
 Use antibiotics only as a tool to contain active disease
 Explore management adjustments:-
 Temperature-Ventilation-Litter moisture
 Supportive therapy with vitamins and electrolytes

47. ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ fë¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼À £ÁåAiÀħzÀÝ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ : ¸ÁgÁA±À
7. aQvÀì PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀqÁØAiÀĪÁV PÀæªÀħzÀÝUÉƽ¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
7. Therapeutic regimens must be optimized
 Use current pharmacological information
 Therapeutic dosage-duration- MIC values
 Drug-drug interactions, herbs-drug interactions
8. aQvÉì ¤ÃrgÀĪÀ zÁR¯ÁwUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀðºÀuɪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
aQvÀì PÀæªÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀIJð¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
8. Accurate records of treatment, evaluate therapeutic regimens
9. ¸ÀÆPÁë÷ätÄ fë¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÁvÁªÀgÀtzÉÆA¢UÉ
PÀ®Ä¶vÀªÁUÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß PÀrªÉĪÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
9. Minimise environmental contamination with antimicrobials

48. Vision is the ability to see what is possible
before it becomes obvious….