Head, face, and back muscles’ table

1. ‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫بسم‬
Head, Face, and
BACK Muscles’
table
‫علمتنا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫إال‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫علم‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اللهم‬..‫العليم‬ ‫أنت‬ ‫إنك‬
‫الحكيم‬
‫ينفعنا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وعلمنا‬ ‫علمتنا‬ ‫بما‬ ‫انفعنا‬ ‫اللهم‬‫علما‬ ‫وزدنا‬‫يا‬
‫العالمين‬ ‫رب‬...
This table corresponds to the info that were mentioned
during the lectures (according to the sheets)‎

2. Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action Notes
scalp
Occipitofrontalis
(frontal belly)
Skin of forehead
& eyebrows
Aponeurosis
epicranialis
Facial nerve(7th
cranial nerve)
Temporal branch
Elevates
eyebrows
& forming
Transverse
wrinkling of the
forehead’s skin.
opponent of
orbital part of
Orbicularis
oculi
Occipitofrontalis
( Occipital belly)
Occipital bone
(lateral part of
the superior
nuchal line)
Aponeurosis
epicranialis
No prominent
action
Face
Orbicularis Oculi
(Orbital part)
Medial
palpebral
ligament
Medial
palpebral
ligament
Facial nerve
(7th cranial nerve)
Closes the eye
tightly (in
response to fear,
bright light...)
Temporal
branch
innervates the
upper part,
while the
Zygomatic
branch
innervates the
lower part of
the muscle
Orbicularis Oculi
(Palpebral part)
Medial
palpebral
ligament
Lateral
palpebral raphe
(ligament)
Closes the eye
gently during
blinking and
sleeping
Orbicularis Oculi
(Lacrimal part)
Fascia covering
the lacrimal sac
At the 2 eyelids
(upper & lower)
Suction of tears
Buccinator
Upper part
maxilla,
opposite the last
three molars
Upper lip
Facial nerve
(7th cranial nerve)
(Buccal branch)
Compresses the
cheeks against
the teeth
Only muscle in
the face
covered by
fascia Covered
by
buccopharynge
al fascia
Buccinator
lower part
mandible,
opposite the last
three molars
Lower lip

3. Buccinator
Middle part
Pterygomandib-
ular ligament
Decussates in a
way that its
upper fibers
insert at the
lower lip and the
lower ones at
the upper lip
Facial nerve
(7th cranial nerve)
(Buccal branch)
Compresses the
cheeks against
the teeth
Only muscle in
the face
covered by
fascia
(buccopharyng
eal fascia)
Orbicularis Oris
Superficial
(extrinsic fibers)
from muscles
that surround
the lips
at the lips
Facial nerve
(7th cranial nerve)
(marginal
mandibular
branch)
narrows (closes)
the lips and the
oral opening
Encircles the
lipsOrbicularis Oris
Deep (intrinsic
fibers)
Maxilla
&
Mandible
Neck
Platysma
Fascia coverage
of pectoralis
major and
upper part of
deltoid muscle
Base of the
mandible
Facial nerve
(7th cranial nerve)
Cervical branch
Formation of
wrinkles of skin
of the neck &
assist in
mandible
depression
Sternocliedomastoid
Clavicular head:
upper surface of
the medial 3rd of
the clavicle,
Sternal head:
anterior surface
of manubrium
sterni
Mastoid process
of the temporal
bone of the
skull.‎
Spinal part of
accessory nerve.‎
Unilateral action:‎
Tilt head toward
same side, by
small shorting of
the muscle.
Rotate the head
toward opposite
side, by full
shorting.
Bilateral action:‎
Flexion of the
neck‎
Digastric ‎
(Anterior belly)
Digastric fossa
on the inner
side of the
lower border of
the mandible Attachment of
tendon between
two bellies to
body of hyoid
bone
-------- -------- --------
Digastric ‎
(posterior belly)
Mastoid notch
on medial side
of mastoid bone
-------- -------- --------

4. Mylohyoid ‎ Mylohyoid line
on mandible
(mandible from
both sides)
Unite at
intermediate
raphi‎& inserted
at the body of
hyoid bone.
-------- --------
Make lower
floor of mouth.‎
Sternohyoid
Back of
manubrium
sterni
Hyoid bone
Ansa cervicalis
Depress the
larynx down to
open the
laryngeal inlet
during third
stage of
‎deglutition‎; (to
allow the air to
pass again‎(
All fix the hyoid
bone in its
place
Sternothyroid
Back of
manubrium
sterni
Oblique line of
the thyroid
cartilage
Omohyoid
Superior belly:
from hyoid
bone.
Inferior belly:
from superior
border of the
scapula‎
Intermediate
tendon;
That is fixed in
position by a
loop of deep
fascia held to
clavicle and
manubrium.
Thyrohyoid
Oblique line of
the thyroid
cartilage
Hyoid bone
A direct branch
from C1 spinal
nerve
elevates larynx
up to close the
laryngeal inlet
during second
part of
deglutition‎
Orbit
Levator Palpebrae
‎‎superioris‎
Posterior part of
orbit's roof,
anterior to optic
canal
*the superior
division: the
skin of the upper
lid,
*the deep
‎division:
attached to the
Tarsus‎
Occulomotor
nerve (CN III);
deep division is
supplied by
sympathetic
Elevation of the
upper eyelid
(oppose the
palpebral part
of Orbicularis
‎Oculi)‎
Intrinsic Muscles: ‎
Constrictor Pupillae
fibers encircles the pupil
parasympathetic
fibers
constriction of
the pupil,

5. Dilator Pupillae
oblique fibers running radially to
the outer extent of the eye
Sympathetic fibers
dilation of the
pupil
damage cause
miosis
(constriction or
failure to
dialte).
Ciliary muscle
extends from Ciliary body and
hooked to the iris
Parasympathetic
fibers
contraction and
relaxation,
changes the
refractory power
of the lens
Extrinsic muscles:
Superior Oblique
Junction
between roof
and medial
wall anterior to
optic canal
Runs anteriorly,
revolves around
the trochlea , and
posteriorly
inserted into
upper surface of
sclera, behind the
Equator
Depression, lateral
deviation
Trochlear Nerve
(CN IV)
Inferior oblique
Floor of the
orbit
Upper surface of
the eyeball,
behind the
equator
Elevation, Lateral
Deviation
Occulomotor
nerve (CN III)
Superior Rectus
Common
tendinous ring
Sclera posterior
to corneoscleral
junction, each
inserted on its
corresponding
aspect
Elevation &
rotates eyeball
medially
Inferior Rectus
Depression &
rotates eyeball
medially
Medial Rectus
Medial deviation;
Adduction
Lateral Rectus
Lateral deviation;
Abduction
Abducent nerve
(CN VI)

6. Mastication
Temporalis
temporal fossa
& the temporal
fascia which
‎covers this
muscle ‎
The margin and
inner aspect of
the ‎coronoid
process of the
mandible
(anterior to
mandibular
notch).‎
Mandibular nerve
(anterior
division).
Elevation of the
mandible (upper
fibers)
&
Retraction of
mandible
(posterior
fibers)‎
passes deep to
the zygomatic
arch
Masseter ‎
lower margin
and deep
aspect of
zygomatic arch ‎
Outer surface of
the ramus of the
mandible.‎
elevation
&
protraction of
the mandible
(protrusion) ‎
Facial artery
enter the face
at
‎anteroinferior
angle of this
muscle
Lateral pterygoid
Upper head:
infratemporal
part of greater
wing of
sphenoid‎
Lower head:
lateral aspect
of lateral
pterygoid pl‎ate
-Anterior aspect
of neck of
mandible
(pterygoid‎
‎foveae)
-Capsule of TMJ
joint
-The articular
disk inside the
‎capsule of the
joint.
‎ ‎
depresses the
mandible ‎
medial &
lateral
pterygoid
together:
side to side
movement of
the mandible
‎
Medial pterygoid‎‎
Superficial
head: maxillary
tuberosity on
back of maxilla
‎
Deep head:
medial aspect
of lateral
pterygoid plate‎
‎‎
both heads join
to be inserted at
inner aspect of
angle of
mandible
The trunk of the
mandibular nerve ‎
elevation of the
mandible ‎

7. Some info about some Muscles of the back:
Superficial group: ‎
Muscle Notes Nerve supply Action
‎Trapezius
superficial to the
others
ventral rami ‎ fo‎lanip‎
nevre
movement of the upper
limb‎
‎Lattismus dorsi ‎
‎Levator
scapulae
located the floor
of the posterior
triangle‎
Rhomboid major
----
Rhomboid
minor
‎Intermediate group:
Muscle Nerve supply Action
serratus posterior superior‎
intercostal nerves respiratory movement‎‎serratus posterior inferior‎
levator costarum‎
‎

8. Deep (intrinsic) group ‎
1) Erector spinae
Origin Nerve supply Action notes
-back of
sacrum
-ilium "part of
the hip bone".‎
-spines of the
lumbar and
thoracic
vertebrae‎
dorsal rami ‎fo‎
lanip‎nevre
movement of the
back "‎
The most
superficial &
important muscles
in the intrinsic
group.
‎
located in both
sides of the spines
of the vertebral
column
‎2) Rotator muscles ‎
origin insertion action
Transverse process is the
origin for each muscle ‎
spine of the vertebra which is
located above the vertebra from
which the
‎muscle is originated.‎
rotation of
vertebral
column
towards the
opposite
side‎
Best wishes in the exam,