1. LIDOCAINE HCL
GENERIC NAME: Lidocaine HCL
BRANDNAME: Lidoject,Lidex
DESCRIPTION:A local anestheticandcardiacdepressantusedasan antiarrhythmicagent Local
anaestheticsstoppainandfeelinginthe areaaroundwhere itisinjected;and antiarrhythmicdrugs
workby restoringirregularand/orrapidheartbeatstonormal.
CATEGORY: Local anesthetic
CONTENT:Injection:1%/2%lidocaine HCLanhydrous10mg(1%w/v)20mg(2%w/v) alsoavailablein
gel,jelly,spray,topical solutions,ointment andcream.
INDICATION:Forproductionof local orregional anesthesiabyinfiltrationtechniquessuchas
percutaneousinjectionandintravenousregional anesthesiabyperipheralnerve blocktechniques
PREGNANCY:Lidocaine shouldonlybe givenduringpregnancyandinlaborand deliverywhenneedhas
beenclearlyestablished.
LACTATION:Lidocaine isnotexpectedtocause anyadverse effectsinbreastfedinfants.Nospecial
precautionsare required.
PRECAUTION:Renal,hepaticimpairment,hypotension,severe shock,epilepsy,myastheniagravis,
porphyria.
CONTRAINDICATION:Completeheartblock,hypovolemia.
INTERACTION:Propranolol,cimetidine,antiarrhythmic,diuretics.
ADVERSEEFFECTS: light-headedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion,
dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, vomiting, sensations of heat, cold or
numbness, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness, respiratory depression and arrest,
cardiac arrest
PHARMACODYNAMICS: Lidocaine stabilizesthe neuronal membrane by inhibitingthe ionicfluxes
requiredforthe initiationandconductionof impulsestherebyeffectinglocal anestheticaction.
Lidocaine alterssignal conductioninneuronsbyblockingthe fastvoltage gatedsodium(Na+) channels
inthe neuronal cell membranethatare responsible forsignal propagation.Withsufficientblockagethe
membrane of the postsynapticneuronwill notdepolarizeandwill thusfail totransmitanaction
potential.Thiscreatesthe anaestheticeffectbynotmerelypreventingpainsignalsfrompropagatingto
the brainbut by abortingtheirbirthinthe firstplace
PHARMACOKINETICS:Absorption: lidocaine iscompletelyabsorbedfollowingparenteral administration,
itsrate of absorptiondepending,forexample,uponvariousfactorssuchas the site of administration
and the presence orabsence of a vasoconstrictoragent
Metabolism: PrimarilyhepaticRoute Of Elimination: Lidocaine anditsmetabolitesare excretedbythe
kidneys Half-life:109 minutes