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1. 2015| 2015 ‫ﻧوﻓﻣﺑر‬ 30 • 1.1 ‫اﻹﺻدار‬ .ICANN ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﻧﺎد‬ XPLANE ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ .‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺧدام‬
‫اﻟﺣوﻛﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎت‬
‫ﺧﺻﺻﺔ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫واﻷﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻸرﻗﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ھﯾﺋﺔ‬ ICANN
‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾدة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻌرﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺳﯾق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺎﻋد‬ ‫ھﯾﺋﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﺗوﻛوﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺟﻼت‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،IP ‫وﻋﻧﺎوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬
.‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ھﻧدﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﺑﻔرﯾق‬
www.icann.org
‫اﻟﻣﺟﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟوظﺎﺋف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸرﻗﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ھﯾﺋﺔ‬ ‫أي‬ ،IANA
IP ‫ﻋﻧﺎوﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫رﻓﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣدد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ .ICANN ‫داﺧل‬ ‫واﻟﻣدارة‬
،‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫ﻣن‬ DNS ‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻐﯾﯾر‬ ‫إﻧﺷﺎء‬ ‫وﺗﻘﺗرح‬ ،AS ‫أرﻗﺎم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑروﺗوﻛوﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾدة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻗواﺋم‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
www.iana.org.‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬
‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ھﻧدﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﻓرﯾق‬ IETF
‫ﺣﺰﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳري‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺼﻮص‬ ‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳري‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬
‫وإدارة‬ ،‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ،‫ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺛﺎﺋﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ .‫اﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻت‬
‫اف‬‫ﴍ‬‫اﻹ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ (ISOC) ‫اﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻇﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ IETF ‫اﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ .‫اﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬
.(IAB) ‫اﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫إﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﳼ‬
www.ietf.org
‫ﻟﻠﺗﻘﯾﯾس‬ ‫اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ISO
‫اﻟﺑرﯾدﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻛواد‬ ‫اﻟرﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺻر‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‬ ‫ﺑوﺿﻊ‬ ‫وﺗﻘوم‬
.‫اﻓﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺟﻐ‬ ‫اﻷھﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻧﺎطق‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻧﺎطق‬ ‫ﻟﻠدول‬
www.iso.org
‫اﻷرﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺎدر‬ ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ‬ NRO
‫اﻹﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﺳﺟﻼت‬ ‫وﺗﻘوم‬ .(RIR) ‫اﻟﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺟﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺳﯾق‬ ‫ھﯾﺋﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎطق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘل‬ ‫اﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫وأرﻗﺎم‬ IP ‫ﻋﻧﺎوﯾن‬ ‫ﺗوزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺈدارة‬
.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬ ‫أﻧﺣﺎء‬
www.nro.net
www.afrinic.net AFRINIC
www.apnic.net APNIC
www.arin.net ARIN
‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻐﻠو‬ TLD ‫ﻣﺷﻐﻠو‬
‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫إﺳﻧﺎد‬ ‫ﺗم‬ ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻐﻠو‬ TLD ‫ﻣﺷﻐﻠو‬
.name‫و‬ ،.info‫و‬ ،.edu‫و‬ ،.com) ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ TLD ‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ :‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫إﻟﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ (...‫إﻟﺦ‬ ،.cn‫و‬ ،.gh‫و‬ ،.us‫و‬ ،.fr) ‫اﻟﺑﻠدان‬ ‫ﻟرﻣوز‬ TLD ‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ،(... ‫إﻟﺦ‬
‫واﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻛورﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫)ﺑﻠﻐﺎت‬ ASCII ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻷﺑﺟدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ TLD ‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬
(...‫إﻟﺦ‬ ،‫واﻟﻔرﻧﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟروﺳﯾﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺣﺻر‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫—ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺟذر‬ ‫ﺧوادم‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻐﻠو‬
‫ﺗﺧدم‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻲ‬ (M ‫إﻟﻰ‬ A ‫)ﻣن‬ 13 ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫اﻟرﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺧوادم‬ ‫ﺗدﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ‬ 12
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫وﺧوادم‬ .(DNS) ‫اﻟﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺟذر‬ ‫ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬ ‫أﻧﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟدول‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺋﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺧوادم‬ ‫ﻣﺋﺎت‬
www.root-servers.org
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ ‫راﺑطﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻋﺿﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻘوم‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫دوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬ (W3C) ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﺑطﺔ‬‫ر‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫أﺟل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣل‬ ‫واﻟﺟﻣﮭور‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﺑدوام‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﻓرﯾق‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾق‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟوﯾب‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ W3C ‫ﻣﮭﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺗﻣﺛل‬ .‫اﻟوﯾب‬
www.w3.org
‫اﻟﻣﺻﻠﺣﺔ‬ ‫أﺻﺣﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬
‫اء‬‫ر‬‫واﻟﺧﺑ‬
‫اﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘطﺎع‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎھد‬ •
‫اﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻛر‬ ‫ﻗﺎدة‬ •
‫واﻟطﻼب‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺗذة‬ •
‫اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﻘطﺎع‬ ‫ﺷرﻛﺎت‬ •
‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬
‫واﻟﺗﺟﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫رواﺑط‬ •
‫اﻟﻣدﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ •
‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ •
‫اﻟرﺑﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ •
‫اﻟﺑﺣﺛﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺎت‬ •
‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟوطﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺎت‬ •
‫اﻟﺑﺎرزة‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺎت‬ •
‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺗرف‬
‫اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺗﻌددة‬ ‫اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ •
‫وﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻧﺳﯾﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎھدات‬
‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ •
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎت‬ •
‫ﺑﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷر‬ ‫اھﺗﻣﺎم‬ ‫)ﻣﻊ‬
(‫ﻟﻺﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣوﻛﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣو‬
‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧﯾﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣواطﻧﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ •
‫اﻹﻗﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﺑﺣوﻛﻣﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻘﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺋول‬
‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻧدﺳو‬ •
‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻧدﺳو‬ •
‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣطورو‬ •
‫اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻐﻠو‬ •
‫اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺗزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺄﻟف‬
‫ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻛل‬ .‫ﻟﻺﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﺗﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ار‬‫ر‬‫واﺳﺗﻘ‬ ‫أﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺿﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺑﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻣﺎت‬‫ز‬‫واﻻﻟﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺗرﻛﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﺳﺗﻧد‬ ‫وﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻔﺗﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻘوم‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬
.‫اﻹﺟﻣﺎع‬
www.lacnic.net LACNIC
www.ripe.net RIPE NCC
‫واﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‬ ‫واﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬
TLD ‫ﻣﺷﻐﻠو‬ ‫اﻟﺟذر‬ ‫ﺧوادم‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻐﻠو‬
‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‬ ‫ﻟوﺿﻊ‬ ‫أﺧرى‬ ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﺑﺑروﺗوﻛوﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬
‫اﻷرﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣوارد‬ ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ‬
NRO
ICANN
‫ھﻧدﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﻓرﯾق‬
‫ﻟـ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬
(ISOC ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)ﻣﺷﻣول‬
IANA
،W3C ‫اﻟوﯾب‬ ‫ﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫)اﻟﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‬ ‫اﻷوروﺑﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻌﮭد‬
(...‫إﻟﺦ‬ ،ETSI
‫اﻟﺣوﻛﻣﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎت‬‫أﺻﺣﺎب‬‫ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬
‫واﻟﺧﺑراء‬‫اﻟﻣﺻﻠﺣﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬‫اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘطﺎع‬‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗطﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﻣدﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻗطﺎع‬‫اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء‬‫اﻷرﻗم‬
‫ﺑروﺗوﻛوﻻت‬
‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬
++=
‫ﻟﻠﻣﻌرﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺟﻼت‬
‫ﻣﺎء‬‫اﻷﺳ‬‫وﻻت‬‫روﺗوﻛ‬‫اﻟﺑ‬ ‫اﻷرﻗﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺟذر‬ ‫ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬
IP ‫ﻋﻧﺎوﯾن‬
.‫ﻋﻧوان‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﻠﯾﺎ‬ 4 ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ :IPv4
،‫)ﺗرﯾﻠﯾون‬ ‫أﻧدﯾﺳﻠﯾون‬ 340 :IPv6
.‫ﻋﻧوان‬ (‫ﺗرﯾﻠﯾون‬ ،‫ﺗرﯾﻠﯾون‬
(RIR) ‫اﻹﻗﻠﯾﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﺳﺟل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ 5
‫اﻟﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻧﺳﯾق‬ ‫ﺗﻘوم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬
.‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺎوﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺻﺎدر‬
‫اﻟﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬
‫ﻟرﻣز‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻗ‬‫ﻧطﺎ‬ 300~
...,.us‫و‬ ،.br‫و‬ ،.fr ‫ﻣﺛل‬ (ccTLD) ‫اﻟﺑﻠد‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫ﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻗ‬‫ﻧطﺎ‬ +600~
...,.realtor‫و‬ ،.biz‫و‬ ،.com ‫ﻣﺛل‬ (gTLD)
‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫اﻟﻧطﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺟﻼت‬ ‫أﻣﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ +1500~
،Network Solutions‫و‬ ،GoDaddy
...،Register‫و‬
‫اﻟﺑروﺗوﻛول‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت‬
‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻌرّﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻷواﻣر‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﺗوﻛوﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟوﯾب‬ ‫أﺟل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯾﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻت‬ ،‫اﻟﺑروﺗوﻛوﻻت‬ ‫داﺧل‬
.‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬ ‫أﺟل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫إﻟﺦ‬ ،‫اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺑرﯾد‬
‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﻓرﯾق‬ ‫ﯾﺣددھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫وﯾﺗم‬
‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫اﻷﺧرى‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌﺎون‬ IETF ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ھﻧدﺳﺔ‬
.HTTPS‫و‬ ،HTTP‫و‬ ،VoIP‫و‬ ،TCP/IP ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل؛‬ ‫ﺳﺑﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،W3C
‫اﻟﺟذر‬ ‫ﺧدﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺟذر‬ ‫ﺧﺎدم‬ 13 ‫ﺗدﯾر‬ ‫دول‬ 4 ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ‬ 12
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫ﻣن‬ DNS ‫ﺧدﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﯾوﻓر‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠف‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﮭزة‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺋﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
.‫اﻟدول‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻋﺷ‬
‫أﻧﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ Anycast ‫ﻧﺳﺧﺔ‬ 500~
.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬
‫اﻟﺗﺣﺗﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫طﺑﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﺑﺎدل‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛﺎت‬
(IXP)
‫اﻟﻣﻣﺗدة‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬
‫اﻟﻣﻣﺗدة‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت‬
‫اﻟﺑﺣﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬
‫اﻟﺳواﺗل‬
‫اﻷﻧظﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻼﺳﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺷرﻛﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻣﻣﻠوﻛﺔ‬ 90% ‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ (IP ‫)ﺷﺑﻛﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ھﯾﻛل‬
‫اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫واﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬
!RIGHTS
‫اﻟرﻗﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣوﻛﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟم‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫إﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﻟﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻘدم‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬ ‫وھﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﺗﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺑﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻗﻣﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎت‬ ‫آﻻف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫أﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﺿﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻷﺧرى‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺳﯾق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ICANN ‫وﺗﻘوم‬ .(‫اﻟﺑروﺗوﻛوﻻت‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت‬ ‫واﻷرﻗﺎم‬ ‫)اﻷﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻔرﯾدة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬
.‫اﻟﺣﯾوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫وﺗﻛﺎﻣل‬ ‫وﻣروﻧﺔ‬ ‫واﺳﺗﻘرار‬
‫ﺗﺟﺎري‬ ‫ﻏﯾر‬ - Creative Commons Attribution │ 2015