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跟刀日誌                         見習 D 組 葉裕全


                  Crown Lengthening Procedure
Patient:葉小姐 52 歲


           Date               Impression                      Tx
94/07/05                 Dental caries of 47     Remove crown of 47
                         Periodontitis of 47     Peri-emergency and local
                                                 debridement of 47
                                                 Caviton temporary sealing
                                                 Rx.:Amoxicillin
                                                   Kolantyl
                                                   Panadol

94/07/07                 Chronic periodontitis   Full mouth scaling
                                                 OHI




94/07/08                                         Remove pontic crown of 46
                                                 Polishment of 45 distal side

94/09/22                 Deep caries over 47     1. Flap operation over 47
                                                    under LA
                                                 2. Apically positioned flap
                                                    performed with partial
                                                    thickness technique
                                                 3. Ostectomy with round bur
                                                 4. Suture with 5-0 Vicryl
                                                 5. Coe-Pak dressing
                                                 Rx.:Amoxicillin
                                                   Ponstan
                                                   Suwell
                                                    Parmason 漱口水


初診:74/05/07




Past dental history
Patient 葉小姐來我們醫院的初診日期是七十四年的時候,之前的病歷已不


可考。在今年七月初因為右下第二大臼齒有 secondary caries 且 combine


periodontitis 而來治療。



    七月五日也就是 patient 第一次因為此 chief complain 來院治療的日期,針對


他的 chief complain 將他 47 的 crown 移除(46 missing, 做 5X7 的 bridge),並且做


emergency 的治療。



    因為 45 的 crown 還是完整的,所以在七月八號的時候將 46 的 pontic 移除,


以減少病患重做假牙的困擾。而由於 47 的 secondary caries 使得 47 的 clinical


crown 太短而無法重新製作假牙,所以決定針對 47 做 crown lengthening


procedure。




Surgery


    九月二十二日也就是我們跟刀的日子,由黃建興醫師動刀,郁翔學長擔任


助手。起先病人相當的緊張,打麻藥時也是費了一番功夫,手術期間還曾經一度


暫停下來安撫病人,不過幸好並沒有對手術造成任何影響。



    手術區域從 47 往前後各延伸一顆牙齒的距離,從
ridge 的正中央往前切到 45 的 distal side,並向 buccal side 做大約 1cm 的


vertical incision 以擴大手術區的視野;47 的部份只沿著 buccal side 的 margin


切開;往後則是只做 horizontal 的延伸到 retromolar pad 的地方。



   接著便採用 partial thickness 的方式翻開 flap,將 buccal 的 flap 往外翻,


留一層 periosteum 在骨頭上。主要的 flap 只翻開 buccal side 的地方,之後便以


high-speed 加上 diamond bur 來對骨頭做一個修整。



   修骨頭時,由於 buccal furcation 已經稍微暴露出來了,所以在 buccal


side 的地方也無法再繼續往下做延伸,而只能將兩邊的骨頭修順。


   大致修整完畢後,便準備將 flap 缝回去,採用的


是 apical position flap 的方式,將原來的 flap 缝在較靠


近 apical 的地方,而露出部分的 periosteum,主要缝


了六針,其他還有幾針是補強的,用的是 Vicryl 5-0 較細的線,之後再用 Coe-


Pak 將傷口保護起來。
Discussion


1.   Crown lengthening procedure 他可以適用在當我們牙齒齒質剩餘太少而不


     夠製作假牙時,可以增加我們牙齒齒質暴露的量;另外也可以用在當


     fracture 時且 fracture lines 位於 subgingival 和 subgingival 的 caries 這三種


     狀況。而處理方式有兩種,一種是 apical positioned flap with bone


     recontouring,一種是利用矯正力量將牙齒拉出來的 forced tooth


     eruption,而我們這邊所採用的是第一種方式。


2.   在 apical positioned flap with bone recontouring 中,我們最少必須暴露出


     4mm 的齒質才足夠假牙的製作,而這 4mm 中包括了 0.5mm 的 gingival


     sulcus、2mm 的 biological width 和 1.5mm 的 crown margin,但是在本次


     的手術當中,並沒有做到 4mm 的量,原因是在 buccal side 往下修 bone


     時已經看到 buccal furcation,而無法再繼續增加,若是勉強增加暴露的齒


     質,則會造成 patient 有 furcation involvement 而使清潔不易。


3.   Gingival tissue 並不會完全照著 bone 的外型走,特別是當我們的骨頭有高


     高低低明顯不平的落差時,soft tissue 會沿著平順的外型生長,如此一來


     便容易造成 pocket 的形成,所以在做 apical positioned flap with bone
recontouring 時他的 contraindication 是 single tooth in the esthetic zone,


     因為我們必須將手術區域周圍的骨頭都做一個修整,以免造成 pocket 的產


     生,而如果做在牽涉的美觀的區域的話,則會使我們的 soft tissue 較周圍


     的地區來的低且不協調。


4.   在 crown lengthening procedure 中使用 apical positioned flap 還有一個好


     處就是,可以造成 secondary healing,增加角化牙齦的量。由於我們翻開


     flap 是用 partial thickness,還留有一層 periosteum 在骨頭上,而這層


     periosteum 則會使 keratinized gingival 再生,減少了手術後角化牙齦不足


     的狀況發生。



5.   Suture 的時候,由於是將 flap 缝在 periosteum 上,而 periosteum 很薄,


     所以一開始就用 4-0 這種細的線,但還是略嫌太粗,後來改用 5-0 更細的


     線以利縫合。而用可吸收的線則是有避免之後拆線不完全而造成的發炎反應,


     特別是用 5-0 這種更細的線,更是容易在拆線上造成疏忽。


6.   相較於 apical positioned flap with bone recontouring,forced tooth


     eruption 則是在美觀上佔較大的優勢,隨著牙齒被拉出,周圍的 PDL 和


     Bone 也跟著被提高,而使的我們 soft tissue level 不會因為手術而降低,
進而得到 esthetic 的 harmony。也因此他也可以用來消除因為 angular bony


defect 而產生的 pocket depth。

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Peri跟刀日誌

  • 1. 跟刀日誌 見習 D 組 葉裕全 Crown Lengthening Procedure Patient:葉小姐 52 歲 Date Impression Tx 94/07/05 Dental caries of 47 Remove crown of 47 Periodontitis of 47 Peri-emergency and local debridement of 47 Caviton temporary sealing Rx.:Amoxicillin Kolantyl Panadol 94/07/07 Chronic periodontitis Full mouth scaling OHI 94/07/08 Remove pontic crown of 46 Polishment of 45 distal side 94/09/22 Deep caries over 47 1. Flap operation over 47 under LA 2. Apically positioned flap performed with partial thickness technique 3. Ostectomy with round bur 4. Suture with 5-0 Vicryl 5. Coe-Pak dressing Rx.:Amoxicillin Ponstan Suwell Parmason 漱口水 初診:74/05/07 Past dental history
  • 2. Patient 葉小姐來我們醫院的初診日期是七十四年的時候,之前的病歷已不 可考。在今年七月初因為右下第二大臼齒有 secondary caries 且 combine periodontitis 而來治療。 七月五日也就是 patient 第一次因為此 chief complain 來院治療的日期,針對 他的 chief complain 將他 47 的 crown 移除(46 missing, 做 5X7 的 bridge),並且做 emergency 的治療。 因為 45 的 crown 還是完整的,所以在七月八號的時候將 46 的 pontic 移除, 以減少病患重做假牙的困擾。而由於 47 的 secondary caries 使得 47 的 clinical crown 太短而無法重新製作假牙,所以決定針對 47 做 crown lengthening procedure。 Surgery 九月二十二日也就是我們跟刀的日子,由黃建興醫師動刀,郁翔學長擔任 助手。起先病人相當的緊張,打麻藥時也是費了一番功夫,手術期間還曾經一度 暫停下來安撫病人,不過幸好並沒有對手術造成任何影響。 手術區域從 47 往前後各延伸一顆牙齒的距離,從
  • 3. ridge 的正中央往前切到 45 的 distal side,並向 buccal side 做大約 1cm 的 vertical incision 以擴大手術區的視野;47 的部份只沿著 buccal side 的 margin 切開;往後則是只做 horizontal 的延伸到 retromolar pad 的地方。 接著便採用 partial thickness 的方式翻開 flap,將 buccal 的 flap 往外翻, 留一層 periosteum 在骨頭上。主要的 flap 只翻開 buccal side 的地方,之後便以 high-speed 加上 diamond bur 來對骨頭做一個修整。 修骨頭時,由於 buccal furcation 已經稍微暴露出來了,所以在 buccal side 的地方也無法再繼續往下做延伸,而只能將兩邊的骨頭修順。 大致修整完畢後,便準備將 flap 缝回去,採用的 是 apical position flap 的方式,將原來的 flap 缝在較靠 近 apical 的地方,而露出部分的 periosteum,主要缝 了六針,其他還有幾針是補強的,用的是 Vicryl 5-0 較細的線,之後再用 Coe- Pak 將傷口保護起來。
  • 4. Discussion 1. Crown lengthening procedure 他可以適用在當我們牙齒齒質剩餘太少而不 夠製作假牙時,可以增加我們牙齒齒質暴露的量;另外也可以用在當 fracture 時且 fracture lines 位於 subgingival 和 subgingival 的 caries 這三種 狀況。而處理方式有兩種,一種是 apical positioned flap with bone recontouring,一種是利用矯正力量將牙齒拉出來的 forced tooth eruption,而我們這邊所採用的是第一種方式。 2. 在 apical positioned flap with bone recontouring 中,我們最少必須暴露出 4mm 的齒質才足夠假牙的製作,而這 4mm 中包括了 0.5mm 的 gingival sulcus、2mm 的 biological width 和 1.5mm 的 crown margin,但是在本次 的手術當中,並沒有做到 4mm 的量,原因是在 buccal side 往下修 bone 時已經看到 buccal furcation,而無法再繼續增加,若是勉強增加暴露的齒 質,則會造成 patient 有 furcation involvement 而使清潔不易。 3. Gingival tissue 並不會完全照著 bone 的外型走,特別是當我們的骨頭有高 高低低明顯不平的落差時,soft tissue 會沿著平順的外型生長,如此一來 便容易造成 pocket 的形成,所以在做 apical positioned flap with bone
  • 5. recontouring 時他的 contraindication 是 single tooth in the esthetic zone, 因為我們必須將手術區域周圍的骨頭都做一個修整,以免造成 pocket 的產 生,而如果做在牽涉的美觀的區域的話,則會使我們的 soft tissue 較周圍 的地區來的低且不協調。 4. 在 crown lengthening procedure 中使用 apical positioned flap 還有一個好 處就是,可以造成 secondary healing,增加角化牙齦的量。由於我們翻開 flap 是用 partial thickness,還留有一層 periosteum 在骨頭上,而這層 periosteum 則會使 keratinized gingival 再生,減少了手術後角化牙齦不足 的狀況發生。 5. Suture 的時候,由於是將 flap 缝在 periosteum 上,而 periosteum 很薄, 所以一開始就用 4-0 這種細的線,但還是略嫌太粗,後來改用 5-0 更細的 線以利縫合。而用可吸收的線則是有避免之後拆線不完全而造成的發炎反應, 特別是用 5-0 這種更細的線,更是容易在拆線上造成疏忽。 6. 相較於 apical positioned flap with bone recontouring,forced tooth eruption 則是在美觀上佔較大的優勢,隨著牙齒被拉出,周圍的 PDL 和 Bone 也跟著被提高,而使的我們 soft tissue level 不會因為手術而降低,
  • 6. 進而得到 esthetic 的 harmony。也因此他也可以用來消除因為 angular bony defect 而產生的 pocket depth。