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                                       The health care law’s
                                       medical loss ratio brings
                                       dangerous consequences
                                       for consumers and the
                                       agents who serve them.




NatioNal associatioN of iNsuraNce aNd fiNaNcial advisors
■   table of contents                                NO Premium
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
                                                     ON Value
                                                     Prepared by:
                                                     Mark Briscoe
No Premium on Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
                                                     media Contacts:
                                                     Mark Briscoe
The Medical Loss Ratio   . . . . . . . . . . . . 4   Senior Director,
                                                     Strategic Communications
                                                     mbriscoe@naifa.org
Impact on Agent Commissions. . . . . . . . . . 5
                                                     Sheila Owens,
                                                     Vice President,
Premiums Increase and                                Communications & Marketing
Product Offerings Decrease . . . . . . . . . . . 7   sowens@naifa.org

                                                     CeO:
Competition Is a Casualty . . . . . . . . . . . 8    Susan Waters

Communities Suffer Consequences . . . . . . . . 9    Vice President,
                                                     Federal Gov’t relations:
                                                     Diane Boyle
Fewer Options and Services
For Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11


Make Agent Commissions an
MLR Pass-Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14      The National Association of
                                                     Insurance and Financial Advisors
                                                     2901 Telestar Court
                                                     Falls Church, VA 22042
                                                     www.naifa.org
                                                     www.naifablog.com
                                                     www.twitter.com/naifa
                                                     www.facebook.com/NAIFANational
                                                     Copyright © 2011, NAIFA.
                                                     All rights reserved.




TOC   |                                                                www.naifa.org
foreword

                i
                    t is perhaps expedient and short-sighted
                    to overlook the vital role health insurance
                agents and brokers perform every day on
                behalf of their clients. Yet, these hard-
                working, experienced, highly trained
                professionals are too often seen merely as
                salespeople.

                That is, however, until an individual needs
                assistance and guidance in selecting the             naIfa President
                right coverage to fit his or her budget and          terry K. Headley

                health insurance needs. Or when a family
                gets caught in the system attempting to sort out a complex medical
                claim. Or when small business owners need to make sure they are
                in compliance with a myriad of evolving federal and state laws and
                regulations.

                These are the times when the value-added services of agents and brokers
                truly shine through and come to the forefront. These professionals
                provide service and advice, save their clients money, and improve the
                quality of the health care people receive. The work of health insurance
                professionals often flies under the radar and goes unheralded. We may
                not even conclude that we would miss these agents and brokers – until
                they are no longer in business.

                And that’s why NAIFA has put together this white paper on the medical
                loss ratio (MLR) provision of the federal health care law and the adverse
                impact it is having on health insurance agents and brokers, as well as
                services they deliver to their clients.

                In the following pages you will read about how the MLR rule, perhaps

                                                                  continued on next page...

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                                                                                        |1
continued from previous page...

well-intentioned, is having a devastating effect on agents and brokers
and threatens to drive them out of business. You’ll read about the
valuable services they provide to their clients – services that are now
being eliminated because of the MLR rule. Finally, you’ll read about the
clients, themselves, and how a rule intended to protect consumers is
actually having just the opposite effect by forcing consumers to face the
complex and ever-changing health care landscape alone – all without the
professional guidance and service that consumers have come to know
and expect from their trusted health insurance agent.




Terry K. Headley, LUTCF LIC, FSS
                       ,
NAIFA President




2   |                                                                       www.naifa.org
■   no PremIum on Value

                T    erry Frett used to meet clients in their homes
                     to provide individual attention as he went over
                their complicated health care options. The Pewaukee,
                Wis., health insurance broker calls it the “old over
                the kitchen table approach.” Meanwhile, broker Ed
                Anderson’s Edina, Mo., office had a professional
                nurse on staff who could help clients make sense of
                                                                              terry frett
                their coverage and assist them with problems and
                difficult decisions.

                Now, Frett’s clients who want to meet face-to-face must visit him during
                regular office hours. Because of the cost, the kitchen table meetings are no
                longer possible, he says. Anderson’s colleague left the agency and returned
                to nursing. “We weren’t able to compensate her appropriately, because our
                income was so drastically reduced,” he explains.

                                      The problem for both of these dedicated
                                      professionals, and hundreds of thousands of others
                                      like them across the United States, is that a provision
                                      in last year’s health care reform law went into effect
                                      early this year and has radically cut the commissions
                                      many insurance companies pay agents and brokers.
                                      This has changed the way producers operate
                    ed anderson       their agencies, crippled their ability to provide
                                      clients with crucial customer service, and reduced
                competition and product offerings in the health care market. It also
                threatens to drive brokers and agents out of business altogether, leaving
                consumers to navigate a complex health care landscape on their own.




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                                                                                            |3
■   tHe medIcal loss ratIo
In the world of health insurance, the medical loss ratio (MLR) is the
amount of money an insurer must spend on health care and quality
improvements as opposed to administrative costs and profits. For
example, a company that spends 80 cents of every premium dollar on
medical care and quality costs and holds back 20 cents for administrative
expenses, marketing and profits is said to have an MLR of 80 percent.

Historically, carriers’ MLRs have covered a broad
range, depending on how much competition they                I cannot imagine what the
have faced and other conditions that vary from
                                                        damage of the MLR has been to
market to market. This is reflected in the range of
requirements among states that had regulations          agents nationwide. It will take
setting minimum MLRs for insurers. For instance,
                                                        us a long time to get back to
a policy brief by the Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation notes that the state-imposed minimum         where we were service-wise.
MLR on individual coverage was 55 percent in
                                                            — Ed Anderson
North Dakota and 80 percent in New Jersey.

Beginning this year, however, the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) requires health insurance
companies across the country to maintain MLRs of at least 80 percent for
their individual and small group business (fewer than 100 lives) and 85
percent for their large group business. The federal MLR provision – which
is often more restrictive than those imposed by states – treats agent and
broker compensation as an administrative expense for the companies.
Therefore, companies that adequately compensate advisors may have
more difficulty complying with the MLR rule, even though advisors’
services are more crucial than ever to ensure that consumers have access
to quality health insurance and get the best value from their policies.

Companies that fail to spend enough on medical services or quality
improvements must issue rebates to their customers starting in 2012.
This poses a real threat to the industry’s profits. A staff report by the
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation says that
five of the six largest public insurance companies would not meet the 80
percent threshold. The report does not even consider medium-size and


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smaller insurers, which may have even more difficulty than their larger
                competitors achieving the minimum MLRs.

                A separate investigation by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation projects
                that approximately 106 out of 371 insurance entities1 studied will not
                meet the federal 80 percent minimum MLR for individuals and small
                groups. In nine states, more than half of the insurers operating there are
                likely to miss the MLR target.

                ■   ImPact on agent commIssIons
                Both Anderson and Frett, who have                       NAIFA Member Survey:
                                                                 Have Your Commissions Decreased This Year?
                been in the business for decades, said
                                                                                          13%
                that companies’ MLRs have never                                                 8%
                                                                                                  4%
                had an impact on their agencies or                              17%

                on the way they have been paid. That
                                                                                    21%
                situation changed under the new                                                 37%
                health care law.
                                                                   Yes, by 25-49%           No, but they will be going down
                The quickest and easiest way for health   Yes, by less than 25% No
                                                          Yes, by 50% or more   Not Sure
                insurance companies to preserve
                profits and avoid penalties under the
                MLR provision was to reduce agents’ commissions. In preparation for the
                MLR rule, many carriers informed brokers late last year that commission
                reductions were imminent.

                A typical letter began: “Due to mandates which are being imposed on
                our industry by the recently passed Healthcare Reform legislation, we are
                attaching a Commission Schedule Amendment….”

                Another stated: “After a great deal of analysis and consideration, we have
                made the difficult decision to adjust the standard commissions that are
                included in our small group products.”



                1   The study refers to these as “company-state observations.” For the purposes of the
                    study, a company counts as a separate entity in each state in which it operates,
                    because it may be penalized for exceeding the MLR in one or more states while
                    meeting it in others.


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                                                                                                                  |5
Producers felt the effects almost immediately. An April 2011 survey of
NAIFA members in the health insurance business found that 75 percent
had seen the level of their commissions decrease since January 1, when
the MLR provision went into effect. An additional 13 percent had received
notices from insurance companies that commissions would be going
down in the near future.

The decreases were often substantial. Nearly six out of 10 agents
reported that their commissions had dropped by 25 percent or more
during the first months of 2011. This includes 17 percent who said their
commissions had decreased by 50 percent or more.

The majority of agents
and brokers are middle-
income earners who
                            “aN immediaTe JObs Crisis iN Our
                            COmmuNiTies”
cannot absorb a 25- to-
50-percent pay cut for      rep. mike rogers (r-mich.) speaking on the health care law’s mlr
                            provision during a hearing of the House energy and commerce Health
long. According to the      subcommittee, June 15, 2011:
U.S. Bureau of Labor        “most health care agents are small business owners and their average
Statistics, the average     income is $50,000 a year. I don’t know about you …, but I don’t consider
annual income for           that wealthy. they help other employers navigate complex health insurance
                            markets and essentially serve as the H.r. department for small business
insurance sales agents
                            owners.
was $62,520 in May
                            “they provide incredible value to our health care system and the employer
2010, and half of agents    community, especially the small business community. these agents and
made less than $47,000      brokers are very real people. they’re real business owners; they’re small;
a year.                     they tend to be independently owned. they’re in our communities. and
                            they’re losing jobs today – today – because of this rule. and HHs knows it.
                            I know it. and thousands of agents and brokers who’ve had to close their
Speculation by some
                            doors certainly know it. Yet HHs has refused to address this issue. they’ve
vocal advocates of the      ignored the job loss, turned a blind eye to real families who are suffering
MLR rule that agents        under the weight of this regulation. this is unacceptable. …
have gotten wealthy off     “the fix is simple, and HHs could do it today. and I am baffled they’ve
inflated commissions are    ignored the problem for so long. I have a bipartisan bill that would force
                            change in the mlr rule that would protect these agents and brokers from
wildly inaccurate. One      this job-killing regulation. It has 90 cosponsors, including 15 democrats
group, for instance, has    and 23 members of this committee.
claimed in numerous         “I hope we can take action on this legislation soon. It is an immediate jobs
media reports that          crisis in our communities for thousands of hard-working small business
“insurance salespeople      owners who are already being crushed by the weight of this new health
                            care law.”
are paid as much as 20%


6   |                                                                                 www.naifa.org
of a consumer’s                                          NAIFA Member Survey:
                                                  How Have Decreased Commissions Affected Your Business?
                health insurance
                premiums.” In                     Reduced customer service           90
                reality, the National
                                                  Considered reducing staff          88
                Association
                                                               Reduced staff    51
                of Insurance
                                          Left the individual health market    44
                Commissioners’
                                           Stopped selling health insurance 15
                (NAIC’s)
                                                                             0    50    100 150 200 250  300
                Supplemental
                Health Care Exhibit
                for 2010 found that average producer commissions ranged from 5.86
                percent on individual policies down to 1.84 percent on large group policies.
                That was before the recent decreases.

                In fact, commissions on group and individual health plans are not a
                driving force behind premium increases. While advocates of the MLR
                provision have erroneously trumpeted high agent commissions, they have
                also claimed the recent drop off in commissions is part of a trend that has
                been going on for years. The NAIC staff said in a recent report that it could
                not find “a clear trend in commission reductions prior to 2011.”

                ■   PremIums Increase and Product
                    offerIngs decrease
                Since the MLR went into effect in January 2011, most health care
                premiums have continued to rise. And at least one study predicted that
                the MLR rule could have the opposite of its intended effects by driving
                future premium increases and fueling additional health care costs.

                The Heartland Health Plan Analysis by HealthLeaders-InterStudy says
                that the MLR rule will make it difficult for small insurers to stay in
                business, thereby reducing competition and eliminating a check on
                premium increases. Meanwhile, larger insurers may promote increased
                spending on medical procedures and pharmaceuticals to keep their
                spending on health care at or above the 80-to-85 percent thresholds.
                The MLR may provide a disincentive for insurers to negotiate with care
                providers for group discounts, the report says.



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                                                                                                       |7
Health care blogger Roger Collier wrote last year
that some insurers would likely change their                   Although the MLR rule was
product offerings to boost MLRs. “Restructuring
coverage to increase benefits – for example, by            supposed to foster competition, in
lowering deductible limits – will increase a plan’s        reality it encourages companies to
MLR, but will also increase premiums, hardly likely
                                                           quit, rather than compete, in states
to be popular in the present economy,” he wrote.
                                                           where they might have trouble
Insurance brokers Anderson and Frett say they
have seen evidence to bear out these predictions.          meeting the standard.
“We believe the companies are restricting the
amount of products available to our clients because
of the MLR,” Anderson says. “And so we believe that the decrease in the
supply or availability [of products] translates to increased costs for our
clients.”

“The irony is that clients will be getting rebates at the same time they’ll be
getting notifications of rate increases,” says Frett.

■   comPetItIon Is a casualtY
Although the MLR rule was supposed to foster competition, in reality it
encourages companies to quit, rather than compete, in states where they
might have difficulty meeting the standard. The law requires companies to
achieve the MLR requirement in each state where they do business. If they
have a high MLR in one state, it does not offset a low MLR in another.

Already, insurers are abandoning markets where they are unable to spend
a minimum of 80 percent on medical care and quality improvements.
“We have six health insurance companies left in our inventory, which
is certainly less than we’ve had for many years,” says Anderson. “The
biggest concern was the loss of regional companies that were swallowed
up by bigger national companies. They plainly said that complying with
the new [MLR] standards was impractical for them, so they saw it as the
handwriting on the wall that it was time to leave the marketplace. We lost
companies like the Principal that we’ve had in our inventory from day
one, over 50 years ago.”




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Frett has seen a similar situation in Wisconsin. Two large carriers and one
                regional carrier formerly in his inventory decided to stop doing business
                in the state and sold their operations to United Healthcare. “What I’m
                seeing emerge as a result of the MLR is we have one very, very large carrier
                getting larger.” As a consequence, the variety of products brokers can offer
                has decreased.

                “The biggest problem I’m having right now,” explains Anderson, “is that
                there are certain categories of people almost all the companies are saying
                they don’t want. Because they are so concerned about claims now because
                it impacts their ability to survive, because they have to meet the MLR
                standard even when they have bad years.” Children, older people and
                anyone who carries above average risk may have trouble finding coverage.

                “I cannot find a company in my inventory that will insure an expectant
                father, even though the mother and child have insurance someplace else,”
                Anderson laments. “Nobody will write that risk.” The fear is that the
                man’s wife and baby will either lose their coverage or decide they want to
                switch over to his.

                ■   communItIes suffer consequences
                Many brokers are small business owners who operate agencies in their
                local communities. The MLR provision affects not only their personal
                income, but also their ability to operate their businesses. According to the
                NAIFA survey, 13 percent of agents have had to either lay off employees
                or reduce the hours of their staff, affecting an average of two employees
                per agency. Another 23 percent have considered staff reductions. More
                than a quarter (27 percent) said they will be forced to reduce staff in the
                future if commissions remain depressed. Nearly one in five of those who
                have not yet seen their commissions go down said that if a decrease of 33
                percent should occur they will lay off employees or reduce staff hours.
                Other survey respondents said they had intended to hire staff this year
                to help clients navigate the rapidly changing health care landscape, but
                declining commissions have forced them to shelve those plans.

                “With the drastic change in commissions, I’ve gone from a thriving
                family-owned agency for 23 years to having to let my staff go,” said Gloria


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                                                                                       |9
Kravetz, a broker from
San Antonio, Texas.             “i Had TO leT PeOPle GO”
“I’ve had to let my own         gloria Kravetz has been a successful health insurance broker for 23
son go. He’s had an             years. before the mlr provision went into effect in January, gloria’s
                                family-operated agency in san antonio, texas, had a staff of eight,
insurance license since         including her son, scott, who is himself a licensed insurance agent.
1986, and now he’s on
                                but times have changed.
unemployment.”
                                “the cost of doing business has escalated and the volume wasn’t there,”
                                gloria explained. “first, I cut group health insurance. then I cut group
And more agents
                                dental. then I had to let people go.”
may soon be looking
                                the layoffs affected her entire staff, including her son.
for work because of
                                “the next-to-last person I let go was a single woman on social security
the MLR provision.
                                disability with a child. she was a very valued employee, because she
More than one in 10             was very loyal and she knew what she was doing. she interacted with
of those surveyed by            my clients for customer service and worked to solve their problems.
NAIFA have already              “now I spend even more time on the phone trying to solve clients’
stopped selling and             problems and I’m still operating at a loss.”
servicing health care           gloria has worked with her commercial landlord to reduce her rent by
policies for individuals        cutting her office space in half. she no longer has anyone to answer the
                                phone, so she has had all incoming calls forwarded to her cell phone.
and nearly 30 percent           gloria still struggles to provide the highest level of customer service to
foresee having to do so.        her clients, but without a staff doing so is difficult.
Only a few, around 4            “It makes me feel like I’m not doing my job. my job is to educate, make
percent, have stopped           a sale, follow up and give service after the policy has been issued. we
                                were never a call center. we gave the old-fashioned service that people
selling health insurance
                                really expected and really benefitted from.”
altogether because of
the MLR, but almost 20
percent will leave the business if commissions remain low. Some agents
will be able to shift their attention to non-health insurance products, but
others said they may have to retire early or change careers.

“[Brokers] are losing their jobs today … because of this rule,” said Rep.
Mike Rogers of Michigan, during a congressional hearing on the health care
reform law. “It is an immediate jobs crisis in our communities.” Rogers has
cosponsored a bill that would remove agent commissions from the MLR
formula.




10   |                                                                                    www.naifa.org
■   fewer oPtIons and serVIces for
                           consumers
                     As agents adapt to lower commissions or leave the business, consumers
                     are suffering consequences. Brokers do much more than sell insurance.
                     They explain critical differences in plan options and coverage. They
                     advocate on behalf of their clients, not the insurance companies, helping
                     people when they have trouble getting procedures approved or claims
                     processed. They provide corporate clients with individual enrollment
                     assistance for their employees. They create and administer company
                     wellness programs. For some small businesses, health insurance brokers
                                             serve a crucial human resources function and
                                             cannot be easily replaced. Now, almost a quarter
                                             of brokers whose commissions have decreased say
    We spend a lot of time, money
                                             they have had to reduce their customer service and
 and resources as a kind of extension        30 percent more say they will do so if commissions
 of our small employers’ business            remain low.

 operations, as if we’re their backroom   “We spend a lot of time, money and resources as a
                                          kind of extension of our small employers’ business
 human resources department.
                                          operations, as if we’re their backroom human
    — Terry Frett                         resources department,” Frett said. He rattles off a
                                          list of letters and memos he creates for his small
                                          business clients: “This go around we’ve been having
                  to rewrite their summary plan descriptions because of [the health care
                  reform law]; we’ve put together a memo announcing the special enrollment
                  for dependents up to age 26, the special enrollment notice the government
                  requires on the unlimited lifetime maximum, the annual notice about
                  women’s health, the annual notice about CHIPRA.” And the list goes on.

                       “And we, of course, handle a lot of service issues if an employee is having
                       an issue with a claim,” he says.

                       A U.S. Government Accountability Office report found that the percentage
                       of health insurance claims denied by companies ranged from 11 percent to
                       24 percent in three states with complete data. In a large number of denials,
                       up to 59 percent in some states, insurance companies reversed their initial
                       decision and paid previously denied claims. The appeals process can


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                                                                                             | 11
be confusing and time consuming, especially for those lacking a special
insight into the insurance and medical businesses. This is an area where
insurance professionals provide their clients invaluable assistance.

An earlier NAIFA survey found that health insurance brokers and agents
receive an average of 223 requests each year from clients having difficulty
resolving claims. For each problem claim, an overwhelming majority of
requests requires the agent or staff to place at least two calls to the insurance
company and two calls to the client. In addition, 43 percent of the agents
surveyed say they call the health care provider at least twice. That works
out to four to six calls agents have to make per problem claim. With agents
being forced to leave the business, cut staff, or reduce service, many clients
will have to resolve these problems on their own. A growing number will file
complaints with their state insurance departments. Undoubtedly, many will
give up and wind up paying more than they should for medical services.

Customer service could be the greatest casualty of health care reform,
because consumers need agents to help them navigate the complex
health care system, says
broker Kravetz. “They
can’t handle it on their   “THe serViCes We PrOVide are
own,” she explains.        iNValuable”
“They don’t know how       when an insurance broker makes a sale, his or her job has only just
the system works and       begun. while the agent’s compensation is built into the premiums of the
                           products they sell (the vast majority charge no additional fees) customer
without brokers to help    service duties continue long after a client purchases a plan or policy.
them, they will get
                           “a lot of our clients would say the services we provide are invaluable
frustrated very easily.    because more often we’re almost fulfilling a role within their organization
It’s gotten even worse     that they’re not having to hire and it’s almost as if they’re subcontracting
                           out,” says health insurance broker terry frett. “the simple process of
because many insurance
                           helping them with their health plan decisions is just a starting point. then
companies have scaled      it’s assisting them when they’re complying with all the regulations from
back their internal        cobra to HIPPa to everything else along the way. being the intermediary
staffs.”                   when their employees have issues about their health plan, because an
                               employer, especially an insured employer, really should not be involved
                               with that protected health information.
Anderson agrees.
                               “so I could clearly say that our clients realize the added value that we are
“Most usually, the
                               providing. at this time we haven’t added fees on top of the embedded
unasked question is            agent compensation, but with the mlr we’d have to look at that as we
more important than            move down the road.”
the question a person


12   |                                                                                    www.naifa.org
NAIFA Member Survey:                                                     asks,” he says. “When they call the
                    If Commissions Remain Low, How Will It Affect Your Business?
                                                                                                             insurance company, they get an
           Will charge fees                                                                  169
                                                                                                             answer to the question they asked,
  Continue to absorb costs                                                           142                     but the companies don’t have the
               Will reduce
          customer service                                              115                                  time or inclination to dig for what is
      Will leave individual
             health market                                              112                                  behind that question.”
          Will reduce staff                                        102
          Will stop selling
                                                                                                             He cites the example of a client who
          health insurance                           71
                                                                                                             recently asked if a stay at an out-of-
                              0       20    40      60        80    100        120    140        160   180
                                                                                                             network hospital for her newborn
                                       NAIFA Member Survey:                                                  daughter would be covered under
                         What Would You Do if Commissions Decrease by 33%?
                        (Asked of those whose commissions have not gone down)                                her husband’s insurance. As it turns
                                                                                                             out, the answer to her question was,
    Charge fees                                                                                  33
                                                                                                             “No.” If she had called the insurance
Reduce customer                                                                             31
         service                                                                                             company, Anderson says, that’s all
 Absorb the cost                                                               26                            they would have told her. However,
    Reduce staff                                                          24                                 he asked additional questions and
Leave individual                                                    22
                                                                                                             discovered a way for her to use a
  health market
                                                                                                             combination of her own employer’s
     Stop selling                                        17
health insurance                                                                                             coverage and her husband’s plan to
                    0             5        10        15            20           25          30         35
                                                                                                             provide what she needed.

                                                 “I firmly believe there was a potential there for her to be out thousands
                                                 of dollars, maybe as much as five thousand out-of-pocket,” he says.
                                                 “Whereas using the resources that I was able to give her she’s going to be
                                                 out only 20 percent of that, so she was a happy camper. And I think that’s
                                                 what agents bring to the table. If I’m not able to do that, then the obvious
                                                 result is that she and her family are going to suffer financially. And there’s
                                                 nobody else she can ask. Who else could she call? There isn’t anyone else,
                                                 other than the agent.”

                                                 “The expertise of the people at the insurance company call centers is
                                                 limited to what they’re pulling up on their screens,” he says. “And I
                                                 understand that they haven’t been in the industry for 26 years like I have,
                                                 so they can’t have that kind of background to ask important questions.
                                                 They don’t have the experience or the inclination to dig deeper and find
                                                 solutions.”



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                                                                                                                                              | 13
■    maKe agent comPensatIon an mlr
     Pass-tHrougH
Groups supporting the existing MLR rule contend that removing agent
compensation from the equation will cost consumers billions of dollars in
rebates from insurance companies. These interests fail to account for the
valuable services agents and brokers provide, which are being lost because of
the MLR provision. If an auto manufacturer offers a rebate on a car, consumers
would obviously expect to receive the same vehicle they would have gotten
had there been no rebate, not one with faulty steering and no brakes. The
fact that consumers could receive rebates does not make up for the fact that
they may no longer be able to count on insurance professionals to help them
choose their coverage, enroll employees, help with claims and other problems,
and provide vital human resources functions. Also, as insurance companies
abandon markets or scale back their product offerings, consumers will no
longer have access to the same coverages or plans as in the past.

These MLR advocates also fail to account for premium increases that may
be driven by the MLR rule. They ignore the fact that without agents to help
consumers get proper coverage, sort out claims, and fix other problems,
people are likely to spend much more of their own time on these tasks or, in
some cases, give in and pay for claims errors that their insurance should cover.

The Department of Health and Human Services recognizes that the MLR
provision can disrupt insurance markets and harm consumers. That is
why HHS has granted MLR rule waivers to five states. Maine was the first
to obtain a waiver following an arduous six-month application and review
process. Several other states received waivers only after HHS significantly
modified their requests. To date, seven other states have applied for relief,
and one of those, North Dakota, has had its request denied.

The waiver process is an imperfect solution. First, it requires states to spend
scarce resources to argue their cases to HHS officials in Washington. Then,
the waivers, if they are granted, offer only partial relief. They are temporary
and cover only some segments of the health insurance market.

Fortunately, there is a simple way to fix the MLR problem once and for all.
Under current law, some costs, including federal and state taxes, count as
“pass-throughs” for the MLR equation. They do not count on either the
medical/quality side or the administrative/profits side. It makes perfect


14   |                                                                             www.naifa.org
sense to count agent compensation, which pays for so much more than
                simply selling and administering policies, the same way.

                Some members of Congress have taken notice. Sen. Mary Landrieu (D-La.)
                wrote HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius urging the agency to “delay the
                inclusion of agent compensation in the calculation of the MLR” and offering
                to work on an “appropriate legislative solution” to fix the MLR permanently.

                Reps. Mike Rogers (R-Mich.) and John Barrow (D-Ga.) have proposed
                bipartisan legislation (HR 1206) that would exclude agent commissions
                from the MLR calculation. The bill has more than 100 cosponsors in
                the House of Representatives, and NAIFA and other agent groups have
                encouraged members of the Senate to introduce a companion bill. An
                influential group of state lawmakers, the National Conference of Insurance
                Legislators (NCOIL), passed a formal resolution urging Congress to enact
                the Rogers-Barrow legislation and calling on state governors, insurance
                commissioners and legislators to contact their congressional delegations
                on behalf of the bill. Similarly, the NAIC’s Professional Health Insurance
                Advisors Task Force recently voted to endorse the Rogers-Barrow bill and
                encouraged the full NAIC to do the same.

                Of course, congressional action would not be necessary if HHS would
                simply reconsider the MLR rule. Nothing in the PPACA says agent
                compensation must be included in the MLR. Now that so many unintended
                consequences have come to light, HHS could and should revise the rule to
                treat agent compensation as a pass-through.

                Even President Obama has acknowledged that parts of the national health
                care law are flawed. In his State of the Union he said “anything can be
                improved.” It’s time for government, whether it be elected members of
                Congress or officials at HHS, to step up and fix the broken MLR rule.
                Brokers and their staffs are losing their jobs. Consumers already have fewer
                health care choices and are losing access to quality customer service.

                “I cannot imagine what the damage has been to agents nationwide
                like us,” says Ed Anderson. “We’ve lost valuable people because of this
                misunderstood – and maybe well-intentioned – action on MLRs. It will take
                us a long time to get back to where we were service-wise.”

                But fixing the MLR rule is an important first step.



www.naifa.org
                                                                                      | 15
abOuT NaiFa:
NAIFA comprises more than 600 state and local associations representing the interests of 200,000
members and their associates nationwide. NAIFA members focus their practices on one or more of
the following: life insurance and annuities, health insurance and employee benefits, multiline, and
financial advising and investments. The Association’s mission is to advocate for a positive legislative
and regulatory environment, enhance business and professional skills, and promote the ethical
conduct of its members.



               2901 Telestar Court | Falls Church, VA 22042-1205 | 703/770-8100 | www.naifa.org

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Agent Commissions Service 2011 Hc Reform

  • 1. No Premium on Value The health care law’s medical loss ratio brings dangerous consequences for consumers and the agents who serve them. NatioNal associatioN of iNsuraNce aNd fiNaNcial advisors
  • 2. table of contents NO Premium Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ON Value Prepared by: Mark Briscoe No Premium on Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 media Contacts: Mark Briscoe The Medical Loss Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Senior Director, Strategic Communications mbriscoe@naifa.org Impact on Agent Commissions. . . . . . . . . . 5 Sheila Owens, Vice President, Premiums Increase and Communications & Marketing Product Offerings Decrease . . . . . . . . . . . 7 sowens@naifa.org CeO: Competition Is a Casualty . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Susan Waters Communities Suffer Consequences . . . . . . . . 9 Vice President, Federal Gov’t relations: Diane Boyle Fewer Options and Services For Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Make Agent Commissions an MLR Pass-Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The National Association of Insurance and Financial Advisors 2901 Telestar Court Falls Church, VA 22042 www.naifa.org www.naifablog.com www.twitter.com/naifa www.facebook.com/NAIFANational Copyright © 2011, NAIFA. All rights reserved. TOC | www.naifa.org
  • 3. foreword i t is perhaps expedient and short-sighted to overlook the vital role health insurance agents and brokers perform every day on behalf of their clients. Yet, these hard- working, experienced, highly trained professionals are too often seen merely as salespeople. That is, however, until an individual needs assistance and guidance in selecting the naIfa President right coverage to fit his or her budget and terry K. Headley health insurance needs. Or when a family gets caught in the system attempting to sort out a complex medical claim. Or when small business owners need to make sure they are in compliance with a myriad of evolving federal and state laws and regulations. These are the times when the value-added services of agents and brokers truly shine through and come to the forefront. These professionals provide service and advice, save their clients money, and improve the quality of the health care people receive. The work of health insurance professionals often flies under the radar and goes unheralded. We may not even conclude that we would miss these agents and brokers – until they are no longer in business. And that’s why NAIFA has put together this white paper on the medical loss ratio (MLR) provision of the federal health care law and the adverse impact it is having on health insurance agents and brokers, as well as services they deliver to their clients. In the following pages you will read about how the MLR rule, perhaps continued on next page... www.naifa.org |1
  • 4. continued from previous page... well-intentioned, is having a devastating effect on agents and brokers and threatens to drive them out of business. You’ll read about the valuable services they provide to their clients – services that are now being eliminated because of the MLR rule. Finally, you’ll read about the clients, themselves, and how a rule intended to protect consumers is actually having just the opposite effect by forcing consumers to face the complex and ever-changing health care landscape alone – all without the professional guidance and service that consumers have come to know and expect from their trusted health insurance agent. Terry K. Headley, LUTCF LIC, FSS , NAIFA President 2 | www.naifa.org
  • 5. no PremIum on Value T erry Frett used to meet clients in their homes to provide individual attention as he went over their complicated health care options. The Pewaukee, Wis., health insurance broker calls it the “old over the kitchen table approach.” Meanwhile, broker Ed Anderson’s Edina, Mo., office had a professional nurse on staff who could help clients make sense of terry frett their coverage and assist them with problems and difficult decisions. Now, Frett’s clients who want to meet face-to-face must visit him during regular office hours. Because of the cost, the kitchen table meetings are no longer possible, he says. Anderson’s colleague left the agency and returned to nursing. “We weren’t able to compensate her appropriately, because our income was so drastically reduced,” he explains. The problem for both of these dedicated professionals, and hundreds of thousands of others like them across the United States, is that a provision in last year’s health care reform law went into effect early this year and has radically cut the commissions many insurance companies pay agents and brokers. This has changed the way producers operate ed anderson their agencies, crippled their ability to provide clients with crucial customer service, and reduced competition and product offerings in the health care market. It also threatens to drive brokers and agents out of business altogether, leaving consumers to navigate a complex health care landscape on their own. www.naifa.org |3
  • 6. tHe medIcal loss ratIo In the world of health insurance, the medical loss ratio (MLR) is the amount of money an insurer must spend on health care and quality improvements as opposed to administrative costs and profits. For example, a company that spends 80 cents of every premium dollar on medical care and quality costs and holds back 20 cents for administrative expenses, marketing and profits is said to have an MLR of 80 percent. Historically, carriers’ MLRs have covered a broad range, depending on how much competition they I cannot imagine what the have faced and other conditions that vary from damage of the MLR has been to market to market. This is reflected in the range of requirements among states that had regulations agents nationwide. It will take setting minimum MLRs for insurers. For instance, us a long time to get back to a policy brief by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation notes that the state-imposed minimum where we were service-wise. MLR on individual coverage was 55 percent in — Ed Anderson North Dakota and 80 percent in New Jersey. Beginning this year, however, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) requires health insurance companies across the country to maintain MLRs of at least 80 percent for their individual and small group business (fewer than 100 lives) and 85 percent for their large group business. The federal MLR provision – which is often more restrictive than those imposed by states – treats agent and broker compensation as an administrative expense for the companies. Therefore, companies that adequately compensate advisors may have more difficulty complying with the MLR rule, even though advisors’ services are more crucial than ever to ensure that consumers have access to quality health insurance and get the best value from their policies. Companies that fail to spend enough on medical services or quality improvements must issue rebates to their customers starting in 2012. This poses a real threat to the industry’s profits. A staff report by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation says that five of the six largest public insurance companies would not meet the 80 percent threshold. The report does not even consider medium-size and 4 | www.naifa.org
  • 7. smaller insurers, which may have even more difficulty than their larger competitors achieving the minimum MLRs. A separate investigation by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation projects that approximately 106 out of 371 insurance entities1 studied will not meet the federal 80 percent minimum MLR for individuals and small groups. In nine states, more than half of the insurers operating there are likely to miss the MLR target. ■ ImPact on agent commIssIons Both Anderson and Frett, who have NAIFA Member Survey: Have Your Commissions Decreased This Year? been in the business for decades, said 13% that companies’ MLRs have never 8% 4% had an impact on their agencies or 17% on the way they have been paid. That 21% situation changed under the new 37% health care law. Yes, by 25-49% No, but they will be going down The quickest and easiest way for health Yes, by less than 25% No Yes, by 50% or more Not Sure insurance companies to preserve profits and avoid penalties under the MLR provision was to reduce agents’ commissions. In preparation for the MLR rule, many carriers informed brokers late last year that commission reductions were imminent. A typical letter began: “Due to mandates which are being imposed on our industry by the recently passed Healthcare Reform legislation, we are attaching a Commission Schedule Amendment….” Another stated: “After a great deal of analysis and consideration, we have made the difficult decision to adjust the standard commissions that are included in our small group products.” 1 The study refers to these as “company-state observations.” For the purposes of the study, a company counts as a separate entity in each state in which it operates, because it may be penalized for exceeding the MLR in one or more states while meeting it in others. www.naifa.org |5
  • 8. Producers felt the effects almost immediately. An April 2011 survey of NAIFA members in the health insurance business found that 75 percent had seen the level of their commissions decrease since January 1, when the MLR provision went into effect. An additional 13 percent had received notices from insurance companies that commissions would be going down in the near future. The decreases were often substantial. Nearly six out of 10 agents reported that their commissions had dropped by 25 percent or more during the first months of 2011. This includes 17 percent who said their commissions had decreased by 50 percent or more. The majority of agents and brokers are middle- income earners who “aN immediaTe JObs Crisis iN Our COmmuNiTies” cannot absorb a 25- to- 50-percent pay cut for rep. mike rogers (r-mich.) speaking on the health care law’s mlr provision during a hearing of the House energy and commerce Health long. According to the subcommittee, June 15, 2011: U.S. Bureau of Labor “most health care agents are small business owners and their average Statistics, the average income is $50,000 a year. I don’t know about you …, but I don’t consider annual income for that wealthy. they help other employers navigate complex health insurance markets and essentially serve as the H.r. department for small business insurance sales agents owners. was $62,520 in May “they provide incredible value to our health care system and the employer 2010, and half of agents community, especially the small business community. these agents and made less than $47,000 brokers are very real people. they’re real business owners; they’re small; a year. they tend to be independently owned. they’re in our communities. and they’re losing jobs today – today – because of this rule. and HHs knows it. I know it. and thousands of agents and brokers who’ve had to close their Speculation by some doors certainly know it. Yet HHs has refused to address this issue. they’ve vocal advocates of the ignored the job loss, turned a blind eye to real families who are suffering MLR rule that agents under the weight of this regulation. this is unacceptable. … have gotten wealthy off “the fix is simple, and HHs could do it today. and I am baffled they’ve inflated commissions are ignored the problem for so long. I have a bipartisan bill that would force change in the mlr rule that would protect these agents and brokers from wildly inaccurate. One this job-killing regulation. It has 90 cosponsors, including 15 democrats group, for instance, has and 23 members of this committee. claimed in numerous “I hope we can take action on this legislation soon. It is an immediate jobs media reports that crisis in our communities for thousands of hard-working small business “insurance salespeople owners who are already being crushed by the weight of this new health care law.” are paid as much as 20% 6 | www.naifa.org
  • 9. of a consumer’s NAIFA Member Survey: How Have Decreased Commissions Affected Your Business? health insurance premiums.” In Reduced customer service 90 reality, the National Considered reducing staff 88 Association Reduced staff 51 of Insurance Left the individual health market 44 Commissioners’ Stopped selling health insurance 15 (NAIC’s) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Supplemental Health Care Exhibit for 2010 found that average producer commissions ranged from 5.86 percent on individual policies down to 1.84 percent on large group policies. That was before the recent decreases. In fact, commissions on group and individual health plans are not a driving force behind premium increases. While advocates of the MLR provision have erroneously trumpeted high agent commissions, they have also claimed the recent drop off in commissions is part of a trend that has been going on for years. The NAIC staff said in a recent report that it could not find “a clear trend in commission reductions prior to 2011.” ■ PremIums Increase and Product offerIngs decrease Since the MLR went into effect in January 2011, most health care premiums have continued to rise. And at least one study predicted that the MLR rule could have the opposite of its intended effects by driving future premium increases and fueling additional health care costs. The Heartland Health Plan Analysis by HealthLeaders-InterStudy says that the MLR rule will make it difficult for small insurers to stay in business, thereby reducing competition and eliminating a check on premium increases. Meanwhile, larger insurers may promote increased spending on medical procedures and pharmaceuticals to keep their spending on health care at or above the 80-to-85 percent thresholds. The MLR may provide a disincentive for insurers to negotiate with care providers for group discounts, the report says. www.naifa.org |7
  • 10. Health care blogger Roger Collier wrote last year that some insurers would likely change their Although the MLR rule was product offerings to boost MLRs. “Restructuring coverage to increase benefits – for example, by supposed to foster competition, in lowering deductible limits – will increase a plan’s reality it encourages companies to MLR, but will also increase premiums, hardly likely quit, rather than compete, in states to be popular in the present economy,” he wrote. where they might have trouble Insurance brokers Anderson and Frett say they have seen evidence to bear out these predictions. meeting the standard. “We believe the companies are restricting the amount of products available to our clients because of the MLR,” Anderson says. “And so we believe that the decrease in the supply or availability [of products] translates to increased costs for our clients.” “The irony is that clients will be getting rebates at the same time they’ll be getting notifications of rate increases,” says Frett. ■ comPetItIon Is a casualtY Although the MLR rule was supposed to foster competition, in reality it encourages companies to quit, rather than compete, in states where they might have difficulty meeting the standard. The law requires companies to achieve the MLR requirement in each state where they do business. If they have a high MLR in one state, it does not offset a low MLR in another. Already, insurers are abandoning markets where they are unable to spend a minimum of 80 percent on medical care and quality improvements. “We have six health insurance companies left in our inventory, which is certainly less than we’ve had for many years,” says Anderson. “The biggest concern was the loss of regional companies that were swallowed up by bigger national companies. They plainly said that complying with the new [MLR] standards was impractical for them, so they saw it as the handwriting on the wall that it was time to leave the marketplace. We lost companies like the Principal that we’ve had in our inventory from day one, over 50 years ago.” 8 | www.naifa.org
  • 11. Frett has seen a similar situation in Wisconsin. Two large carriers and one regional carrier formerly in his inventory decided to stop doing business in the state and sold their operations to United Healthcare. “What I’m seeing emerge as a result of the MLR is we have one very, very large carrier getting larger.” As a consequence, the variety of products brokers can offer has decreased. “The biggest problem I’m having right now,” explains Anderson, “is that there are certain categories of people almost all the companies are saying they don’t want. Because they are so concerned about claims now because it impacts their ability to survive, because they have to meet the MLR standard even when they have bad years.” Children, older people and anyone who carries above average risk may have trouble finding coverage. “I cannot find a company in my inventory that will insure an expectant father, even though the mother and child have insurance someplace else,” Anderson laments. “Nobody will write that risk.” The fear is that the man’s wife and baby will either lose their coverage or decide they want to switch over to his. ■ communItIes suffer consequences Many brokers are small business owners who operate agencies in their local communities. The MLR provision affects not only their personal income, but also their ability to operate their businesses. According to the NAIFA survey, 13 percent of agents have had to either lay off employees or reduce the hours of their staff, affecting an average of two employees per agency. Another 23 percent have considered staff reductions. More than a quarter (27 percent) said they will be forced to reduce staff in the future if commissions remain depressed. Nearly one in five of those who have not yet seen their commissions go down said that if a decrease of 33 percent should occur they will lay off employees or reduce staff hours. Other survey respondents said they had intended to hire staff this year to help clients navigate the rapidly changing health care landscape, but declining commissions have forced them to shelve those plans. “With the drastic change in commissions, I’ve gone from a thriving family-owned agency for 23 years to having to let my staff go,” said Gloria www.naifa.org |9
  • 12. Kravetz, a broker from San Antonio, Texas. “i Had TO leT PeOPle GO” “I’ve had to let my own gloria Kravetz has been a successful health insurance broker for 23 son go. He’s had an years. before the mlr provision went into effect in January, gloria’s family-operated agency in san antonio, texas, had a staff of eight, insurance license since including her son, scott, who is himself a licensed insurance agent. 1986, and now he’s on but times have changed. unemployment.” “the cost of doing business has escalated and the volume wasn’t there,” gloria explained. “first, I cut group health insurance. then I cut group And more agents dental. then I had to let people go.” may soon be looking the layoffs affected her entire staff, including her son. for work because of “the next-to-last person I let go was a single woman on social security the MLR provision. disability with a child. she was a very valued employee, because she More than one in 10 was very loyal and she knew what she was doing. she interacted with of those surveyed by my clients for customer service and worked to solve their problems. NAIFA have already “now I spend even more time on the phone trying to solve clients’ stopped selling and problems and I’m still operating at a loss.” servicing health care gloria has worked with her commercial landlord to reduce her rent by policies for individuals cutting her office space in half. she no longer has anyone to answer the phone, so she has had all incoming calls forwarded to her cell phone. and nearly 30 percent gloria still struggles to provide the highest level of customer service to foresee having to do so. her clients, but without a staff doing so is difficult. Only a few, around 4 “It makes me feel like I’m not doing my job. my job is to educate, make percent, have stopped a sale, follow up and give service after the policy has been issued. we were never a call center. we gave the old-fashioned service that people selling health insurance really expected and really benefitted from.” altogether because of the MLR, but almost 20 percent will leave the business if commissions remain low. Some agents will be able to shift their attention to non-health insurance products, but others said they may have to retire early or change careers. “[Brokers] are losing their jobs today … because of this rule,” said Rep. Mike Rogers of Michigan, during a congressional hearing on the health care reform law. “It is an immediate jobs crisis in our communities.” Rogers has cosponsored a bill that would remove agent commissions from the MLR formula. 10 | www.naifa.org
  • 13. fewer oPtIons and serVIces for consumers As agents adapt to lower commissions or leave the business, consumers are suffering consequences. Brokers do much more than sell insurance. They explain critical differences in plan options and coverage. They advocate on behalf of their clients, not the insurance companies, helping people when they have trouble getting procedures approved or claims processed. They provide corporate clients with individual enrollment assistance for their employees. They create and administer company wellness programs. For some small businesses, health insurance brokers serve a crucial human resources function and cannot be easily replaced. Now, almost a quarter of brokers whose commissions have decreased say We spend a lot of time, money they have had to reduce their customer service and and resources as a kind of extension 30 percent more say they will do so if commissions of our small employers’ business remain low. operations, as if we’re their backroom “We spend a lot of time, money and resources as a kind of extension of our small employers’ business human resources department. operations, as if we’re their backroom human — Terry Frett resources department,” Frett said. He rattles off a list of letters and memos he creates for his small business clients: “This go around we’ve been having to rewrite their summary plan descriptions because of [the health care reform law]; we’ve put together a memo announcing the special enrollment for dependents up to age 26, the special enrollment notice the government requires on the unlimited lifetime maximum, the annual notice about women’s health, the annual notice about CHIPRA.” And the list goes on. “And we, of course, handle a lot of service issues if an employee is having an issue with a claim,” he says. A U.S. Government Accountability Office report found that the percentage of health insurance claims denied by companies ranged from 11 percent to 24 percent in three states with complete data. In a large number of denials, up to 59 percent in some states, insurance companies reversed their initial decision and paid previously denied claims. The appeals process can www.naifa.org | 11
  • 14. be confusing and time consuming, especially for those lacking a special insight into the insurance and medical businesses. This is an area where insurance professionals provide their clients invaluable assistance. An earlier NAIFA survey found that health insurance brokers and agents receive an average of 223 requests each year from clients having difficulty resolving claims. For each problem claim, an overwhelming majority of requests requires the agent or staff to place at least two calls to the insurance company and two calls to the client. In addition, 43 percent of the agents surveyed say they call the health care provider at least twice. That works out to four to six calls agents have to make per problem claim. With agents being forced to leave the business, cut staff, or reduce service, many clients will have to resolve these problems on their own. A growing number will file complaints with their state insurance departments. Undoubtedly, many will give up and wind up paying more than they should for medical services. Customer service could be the greatest casualty of health care reform, because consumers need agents to help them navigate the complex health care system, says broker Kravetz. “They can’t handle it on their “THe serViCes We PrOVide are own,” she explains. iNValuable” “They don’t know how when an insurance broker makes a sale, his or her job has only just the system works and begun. while the agent’s compensation is built into the premiums of the products they sell (the vast majority charge no additional fees) customer without brokers to help service duties continue long after a client purchases a plan or policy. them, they will get “a lot of our clients would say the services we provide are invaluable frustrated very easily. because more often we’re almost fulfilling a role within their organization It’s gotten even worse that they’re not having to hire and it’s almost as if they’re subcontracting out,” says health insurance broker terry frett. “the simple process of because many insurance helping them with their health plan decisions is just a starting point. then companies have scaled it’s assisting them when they’re complying with all the regulations from back their internal cobra to HIPPa to everything else along the way. being the intermediary staffs.” when their employees have issues about their health plan, because an employer, especially an insured employer, really should not be involved with that protected health information. Anderson agrees. “so I could clearly say that our clients realize the added value that we are “Most usually, the providing. at this time we haven’t added fees on top of the embedded unasked question is agent compensation, but with the mlr we’d have to look at that as we more important than move down the road.” the question a person 12 | www.naifa.org
  • 15. NAIFA Member Survey: asks,” he says. “When they call the If Commissions Remain Low, How Will It Affect Your Business? insurance company, they get an Will charge fees 169 answer to the question they asked, Continue to absorb costs 142 but the companies don’t have the Will reduce customer service 115 time or inclination to dig for what is Will leave individual health market 112 behind that question.” Will reduce staff 102 Will stop selling He cites the example of a client who health insurance 71 recently asked if a stay at an out-of- 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 network hospital for her newborn NAIFA Member Survey: daughter would be covered under What Would You Do if Commissions Decrease by 33%? (Asked of those whose commissions have not gone down) her husband’s insurance. As it turns out, the answer to her question was, Charge fees 33 “No.” If she had called the insurance Reduce customer 31 service company, Anderson says, that’s all Absorb the cost 26 they would have told her. However, Reduce staff 24 he asked additional questions and Leave individual 22 discovered a way for her to use a health market combination of her own employer’s Stop selling 17 health insurance coverage and her husband’s plan to 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 provide what she needed. “I firmly believe there was a potential there for her to be out thousands of dollars, maybe as much as five thousand out-of-pocket,” he says. “Whereas using the resources that I was able to give her she’s going to be out only 20 percent of that, so she was a happy camper. And I think that’s what agents bring to the table. If I’m not able to do that, then the obvious result is that she and her family are going to suffer financially. And there’s nobody else she can ask. Who else could she call? There isn’t anyone else, other than the agent.” “The expertise of the people at the insurance company call centers is limited to what they’re pulling up on their screens,” he says. “And I understand that they haven’t been in the industry for 26 years like I have, so they can’t have that kind of background to ask important questions. They don’t have the experience or the inclination to dig deeper and find solutions.” www.naifa.org | 13
  • 16. maKe agent comPensatIon an mlr Pass-tHrougH Groups supporting the existing MLR rule contend that removing agent compensation from the equation will cost consumers billions of dollars in rebates from insurance companies. These interests fail to account for the valuable services agents and brokers provide, which are being lost because of the MLR provision. If an auto manufacturer offers a rebate on a car, consumers would obviously expect to receive the same vehicle they would have gotten had there been no rebate, not one with faulty steering and no brakes. The fact that consumers could receive rebates does not make up for the fact that they may no longer be able to count on insurance professionals to help them choose their coverage, enroll employees, help with claims and other problems, and provide vital human resources functions. Also, as insurance companies abandon markets or scale back their product offerings, consumers will no longer have access to the same coverages or plans as in the past. These MLR advocates also fail to account for premium increases that may be driven by the MLR rule. They ignore the fact that without agents to help consumers get proper coverage, sort out claims, and fix other problems, people are likely to spend much more of their own time on these tasks or, in some cases, give in and pay for claims errors that their insurance should cover. The Department of Health and Human Services recognizes that the MLR provision can disrupt insurance markets and harm consumers. That is why HHS has granted MLR rule waivers to five states. Maine was the first to obtain a waiver following an arduous six-month application and review process. Several other states received waivers only after HHS significantly modified their requests. To date, seven other states have applied for relief, and one of those, North Dakota, has had its request denied. The waiver process is an imperfect solution. First, it requires states to spend scarce resources to argue their cases to HHS officials in Washington. Then, the waivers, if they are granted, offer only partial relief. They are temporary and cover only some segments of the health insurance market. Fortunately, there is a simple way to fix the MLR problem once and for all. Under current law, some costs, including federal and state taxes, count as “pass-throughs” for the MLR equation. They do not count on either the medical/quality side or the administrative/profits side. It makes perfect 14 | www.naifa.org
  • 17. sense to count agent compensation, which pays for so much more than simply selling and administering policies, the same way. Some members of Congress have taken notice. Sen. Mary Landrieu (D-La.) wrote HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius urging the agency to “delay the inclusion of agent compensation in the calculation of the MLR” and offering to work on an “appropriate legislative solution” to fix the MLR permanently. Reps. Mike Rogers (R-Mich.) and John Barrow (D-Ga.) have proposed bipartisan legislation (HR 1206) that would exclude agent commissions from the MLR calculation. The bill has more than 100 cosponsors in the House of Representatives, and NAIFA and other agent groups have encouraged members of the Senate to introduce a companion bill. An influential group of state lawmakers, the National Conference of Insurance Legislators (NCOIL), passed a formal resolution urging Congress to enact the Rogers-Barrow legislation and calling on state governors, insurance commissioners and legislators to contact their congressional delegations on behalf of the bill. Similarly, the NAIC’s Professional Health Insurance Advisors Task Force recently voted to endorse the Rogers-Barrow bill and encouraged the full NAIC to do the same. Of course, congressional action would not be necessary if HHS would simply reconsider the MLR rule. Nothing in the PPACA says agent compensation must be included in the MLR. Now that so many unintended consequences have come to light, HHS could and should revise the rule to treat agent compensation as a pass-through. Even President Obama has acknowledged that parts of the national health care law are flawed. In his State of the Union he said “anything can be improved.” It’s time for government, whether it be elected members of Congress or officials at HHS, to step up and fix the broken MLR rule. Brokers and their staffs are losing their jobs. Consumers already have fewer health care choices and are losing access to quality customer service. “I cannot imagine what the damage has been to agents nationwide like us,” says Ed Anderson. “We’ve lost valuable people because of this misunderstood – and maybe well-intentioned – action on MLRs. It will take us a long time to get back to where we were service-wise.” But fixing the MLR rule is an important first step. www.naifa.org | 15
  • 18. abOuT NaiFa: NAIFA comprises more than 600 state and local associations representing the interests of 200,000 members and their associates nationwide. NAIFA members focus their practices on one or more of the following: life insurance and annuities, health insurance and employee benefits, multiline, and financial advising and investments. The Association’s mission is to advocate for a positive legislative and regulatory environment, enhance business and professional skills, and promote the ethical conduct of its members. 2901 Telestar Court | Falls Church, VA 22042-1205 | 703/770-8100 | www.naifa.org