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Air
1. For years, it's been understood that the effects of air pollution in
humans are seriously detrimental tohealth. Increasingly, as the
measurements are refined, the projections grow more dire. Air
pollution is a problem for global warming, which is bad for all of us in
the long term, but it's also disastrous for health in a way we can see
right now.
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Effects of Air Pollution in Humans
Los Angeles has always been famous for its horrible smog. People
recall times in the 1950s and 1960s when smog was so bad, it was like
walking through a brown haze. The coughing surprised no one, but
many people were getting steadily sicker than they knew. Problems
ranged from the minor but annoying, such as allergies, to the deadly
serious, such as lung disease. Immune systems were overloaded, so
that many adults who grew up in Los Angeles during that time are now
developing asthma, years after the fact and even though the city's air
is moderately cleaner thanks to California's strict emissions standards.
At its most benign, the effects of air pollution in humans include
irritated eyes, throats and lungs. Eyes may be itchy and red, requiring
saline drops to feel better, and there may be some coughing. Someone
who is exercising and thus breathing more deeply may have a stronger
reaction, as well anyone with an already compromised immune
system.
Children and Air Pollution
For most people, the discomfort caused by air pollution will dissipate
once they are indoors where the air is, presumably, cleaner. However,
it's been noticed for a number of years now that the incidence of
childhood illnesses is on the rise, particularly in cities that have a
problem with air quality. Bronchitis and earaches which are common
2. enough complaints, have grown more severe and are striking more
frequently.
An even bigger problem is asthma, which is becoming more and more
common. What used to be a comparatively rare disease is now almost
common. Cities that have been reluctant to spend the money and
enact the legislation required to improve air quality are now finding
that their health costs are spiraling.
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While the effects of air pollution in humans are felt by everyone.
Children are particularly vulnerable for three major reasons. First, they
have faster breathing rates than adults. Second, they tend to play
outdoors more, engaging in activities such as soccer and thus
speeding up their breathing even more. Third, their lungs are still
developing and thus more vulnerable. Parents have to be especially
vigilant about maintaining high-quality air in the house and noting
days when the outside air is particularly bad, thus forcing a child to
abandon sport that day.
Steps to Combat Air Pollution
It can feel like a losing battle to try and improve air quality. As the
world grows smaller, it's noticed that the bad air in China blows over
the ocean and affects people in America. Some cities in China have
such bad air, people wear masks when on the street and there are
even public oxygen masks available for whomever needs one.
Improving air quality will take worldwide effort and vigilance.
3. There are many things the individual can do. One of the biggest is
choosing to take public transportation - or anything that reduces car
emissions. Walking, riding a bike or carpooling all helps. When you do
drive, try to use gas-saving tips and when it's time for a new car,
choose one with better mileage, such as a hybrid. At home, you should
also avoid using a wood fireplace or coal burning stove. Alternative
sources of heat are better for the environment.
We all need to agitate further to enact legislation that forces
businesses to control their emissions. And if every state adopted
California's strict laws on cars, it would make a tremendous difference.
We all need to breathe, so we should all be active in creating clean air.
Related Topics
Types of Air Pollution Most Hazardous to Humans
There are two forms of air pollution considered to be most harmful to
humans by the American Lung Association. These are ozone, or smog,
and particle pollution, or soot. Most ozone is formed by a chemical
reaction between sunlight and the vapors emitted by the burning of
carbon based or fossil fuels. Ozone pollution is generally highest during
the sunniest months of the year, from May through October. This
pollutant can cause short term health issues immediately following
exposure, such as irritation to skin and the respiratory system, and
long term exposure can lead to more serious health problems, such as
impaired lung function, inflammation of the lung lining, and higher
rates of pulmonary disease.
Particle Pollution
Particle pollution also takes a place at the top of the list of most
dangerous to human health, and is very widespread throughout the
environment. This type of air pollution consists of solid and liquid
particles made up of ash, metals, soot, diesel exhaust, and chemicals.
Particle pollution is produced by the burning of coal in power plants
and other industries, and by the use of diesel fuel in passenger
vehicles, cargo vehicles, and heavy equipment. Wood burning is a
4. source of particle pollution, as are many of today's agricultural
practices. Capable of triggering strokes, heart attacks, and irregular
heart rates, particle pollution can be dangerous even in low
concentrations. Lung cancer and premature birth have also been linked
to exposure to particle pollution, and it is known to irritate respiratory
conditions, including asthma, and cause coughing, wheezing, and even
shorter life spans.
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Other Common Air Pollutants
Other common air pollutants that can pose health risks to humans are
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and lead. Carbon
monoxide is produced by the incomplete burning of fossil fuels in
vehicles, home heating equipment, and industrial plants, among many
other sources, and is a colorless and odorless gas, poisonous to
humans and animals when inhaled. Nitrogen oxides are gases that
contribute to smog and acid rain. Sulfur dioxide is produced by the
burning of sulfur containing fuels like oil and coal, and can cause
health issues, especially in those with existing heart or lung conditions.
Lead is emitted into the air by vehicles and industrial sites, as well as
by waste burning facilities. Lead is a neurotoxin when present in the
body in high concentrations, and can cause immune issues,
reproductive problems, kidney disease, and cardiovascular problems.
Greenhouse Gases
Perhaps the most publicized form of air pollution these days is the
mixture of gases emitted into the air that are thought to be
responsible for producing thegreenhouse effect, leading to global
5. warming and climate change. A certain percentage of greenhouse
gases are produced by natural sources and are necessary to
moderating the climate of the earth, making it possible for its life
forms to survive. However, beginning with the Industrial Revolution,
man has added to that production of greenhouse gases, primarily by
the burning of fossil fuels. Among the most common of these are
carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
Greenhouse gases collect in the atmosphere, forming a layer of
reflective and absorbent materials that prevents some of the heat
radiated by the sun from escaping the Earth's atmosphere, keeping
the temperature sufficiently warm for plant and animal life to thrive.
However, with the addition of man made greenhouse gases, too much
heat can be reflected back into the atmosphere, giving rise to the
current fears about global warming. Estimates made by the IPCC, or
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, predict that greenhouse
gas emissions will double within the next 50 to 100 years at current
rates of growth, leading to a variety of detrimental environmental
effects. Among these are the melting of polar ice, raising ocean levels
and flooding coastal and other low lying land areas. Increased storm
activity and increased force and severity of hurricanes, cyclones, and
tropical storms are among the possible consequences of climate
change, as are severely altered ecosystems and extinctions of plant
and animal species.
New Concern and New Hope for the Future
While the many types of air pollution that contaminate out air today
are certainly of concern, awareness is growing about the danger they
pose to our health and our planet. New regulations put into place over
the past decade or two, such as the Clean Air Act and others, have
significantly reduced the amounts of pollutionpumped into the air we
breathe every day. While there is much more to be done,
environmentalists have managed to bring global warming and other
environmental hazards to the forefront, gaining support from the
public and the politically connected, advancing their cause in the halls
of the United States government as well as in international forums.