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The Nature of Order
An Essay on the Art of Building and the
Nature of the Universe
Christopher Alexander
‫دس‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ّب‬ ‫پشسص‬ ًَِ‫گ‬ ‫ایي‬ ‫ایجبد‬ ‫تَاًبیی‬ ،‫است‬ ِ‫گشفت‬ ‫ضکل‬ ‫طجیؼت‬ ‫اص‬ ‫الْبم‬ ‫ثب‬ ِ‫ک‬ ‫سبختوبى‬ ‫یک‬
‫رّي‬
‫داساست‬
:
.1
‫داسد؟‬ ‫ضجبّت‬ ‫چیض‬ ِ‫چ‬ ِ‫ث‬ ‫ظبّشی‬ ‫ضکل‬ ‫لحبظ‬ ‫اص‬
(
‫فشم‬
)
.2
‫است؟‬ ُ‫ضذ‬ ِ‫سبخت‬ ‫هَادی‬ ِ‫چ‬ ‫اص‬
(
‫هصبلح‬
)
.3
‫است؟‬ ُ‫ضذ‬ ِ‫سبخت‬ ًَِ‫چگ‬
(
‫سبختبس‬
)
.4
‫کٌذ؟‬ ‫هی‬ ‫کبس‬ ‫هشاحلی‬ ِ‫چ‬ ‫طی‬ ٍ ًَِ‫چگ‬
(
‫ػولکشد‬
)
.5
(
‫هفَْم‬
)
Our Confusion in Architecture
Freedom
“If everyone is trying to do something different in a town or community, different in kind,
not different in detail of execution, then of course there will be chaos; just, indeed, what
we have experienced in modern urbanism.”
“Infected by positivism, by postmodernism, and by deconstructivism, and exhilarated by a
phony pluralism of ‘‘anything goes,’’ architects tried to get by, by saying everyone should
do ‘‘their’’ thing. . . each person is entitled to his view, her opinion, and so on. All true
enough as comments on the freedom of human beings. “
‫الکسبًذس‬
‫هؼتقذ‬
‫است‬
‫اػوبل‬
ٍ
‫افؼبل‬
‫هب‬
‫اص‬
‫جْبى‬
‫ثیٌی‬
‫هب‬
‫ًطبت‬
‫هی‬
‫گیشد‬
ٍ
‫هی‬
‫گَیذ‬
:
"
ِ‫ث‬
‫ثبٍس‬
،‫هي‬
‫دس‬
‫ٍسای‬
ِ‫ّو‬
‫هطکالت‬
‫هب‬
‫دس‬
ُ‫حَص‬
‫ٌّش‬
ٍ
،‫هؼوبسی‬
‫اضتجبّی‬
‫ثٌیبدی‬
‫ٍجَد‬
‫داسد‬
.
‫اضتجبّی‬
ِ‫ک‬
ِ‫ث‬
‫دلیل‬
‫فْن‬
‫خبظ‬
‫هب‬
‫اص‬
‫رات‬
ُ‫هبد‬
ٍ
‫سشضت‬
‫جْبى‬
‫سخ‬
ُ‫داد‬
‫است‬
.
ِ‫ث‬
‫طَس‬
‫دقیق‬
،‫تش‬
‫هي‬
‫ثشیي‬
‫ثبٍسم‬
ِ‫ک‬
ُ‫اضتجب‬
ٍ
‫سشدسگوی‬
‫هب‬
‫دس‬
‫ٌّش‬
،‫سبختي‬
‫اص‬
‫ادساک‬
‫هب‬
‫اص‬
ِ‫ایٌک‬
ُ‫هبد‬
،‫چیست‬
ِ‫سشچطو‬
‫هی‬
‫گیشد‬
...
ُ‫ایذ‬
ٍ
‫تصَس‬
‫هب‬
‫اص‬
،ُ‫هبد‬
‫هتبثش‬
‫اص‬
‫ادساک‬
‫هب‬
‫اص‬
‫ًظن‬
‫است‬
...
‫ٌّگبهی‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫دسیبثین‬
‫ًظن‬
،‫چیست‬
‫هطوئٌب‬
‫ساحت‬
‫تش‬
‫دسک‬
‫خَاّین‬
‫کشد‬
ِ‫ک‬
ُ‫هبد‬
‫چیست‬
ٍ
‫دس‬
ِ‫ًتیج‬
‫خَد‬
‫جْبى‬
‫چیست‬
.
"
The Nature of Order
‫هي‬
‫با‬
‫هرٍر‬
‫یک‬
‫پرسش‬
‫علوی‬
‫شرٍع‬
‫به‬
‫کار‬
‫کردم‬
‫طجیؼت‬
ًَِ‫چگ‬
‫سبختبس‬
ُ‫صًذ‬
‫هی‬
‫آفشیٌذ؟‬
‫دس‬
‫جْبى‬
،‫طجیؼت‬
‫ّشکس‬
‫ّضاساى‬
ًَِ‫ًو‬
‫اص‬
‫ًظبم‬
‫ّبیی‬
‫سا‬
‫هی‬
‫ثیٌذ‬
ِ‫ک‬
"
ِ‫ث‬
‫ٍجَد‬
‫هی‬
‫آیٌذ‬
"
ِ‫ث‬
،‫ساستی‬
‫ٍقتی‬
ِ‫ث‬
‫ایي‬
‫هَضَع‬
‫ػویقب‬
‫هی‬
،‫اًذیطن‬
‫دس‬
‫ًظبم‬
‫ّبی‬
‫طجیؼی‬
‫ّیچ‬
‫چیض‬
،‫دیگشی‬
‫جض‬
‫ّویي‬
"
ِ‫ث‬
‫ٍجَد‬
‫آهذى‬
"
‫ٍجَد‬
‫ًذاسد‬
.
‫ّش‬
‫چیضی‬
ِ‫پیَست‬
ٍ
‫دایوب‬
‫دس‬
‫حبل‬
ِ‫ث‬
‫ٍجَد‬
‫آهذى‬
‫است‬
.
ِ‫ث‬
‫ٍجَد‬
‫اهذى‬
‫ًوبیبًگش‬
‫سیشت‬
‫سیخت‬
‫ضٌبسی‬
‫کلی‬
‫است‬
ِ‫ث‬
‫طَس‬
‫ػوَهی‬
‫دس‬
‫ّش‬
ُ‫پذیذ‬
‫طجیؼی‬
‫ٍجَد‬
‫داسد‬
ٍ
‫آى‬
‫سا‬
‫سبختبس‬
ُ‫صًذ‬
‫هی‬
‫ًبهذ‬
.
‫پس‬
‫ّش‬
‫قبًًَی‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫ػبهل‬
‫ایجبد‬
‫ایي‬
‫خصلت‬
‫ّب‬
‫دس‬
‫طجیؼت‬
،‫است‬
‫ثبیستی‬
‫دسیي‬
‫هَاسد‬
‫ثی‬
‫ًظی‬
‫سبخت‬
‫ثطش‬
‫ًقض‬
ُ‫ضذ‬
‫ثبضذ‬
‫آیا‬
‫اهکاى‬
‫دارد‬
‫در‬
‫هوه‬
‫ایي‬
‫هَارد‬
‫به‬
‫رٍشی‬
‫اساسا‬
‫یکساى‬
‫بیٌدیشین؟‬
‫هي‬
‫ثبٍس‬
‫داسم‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫هوکي‬
‫است‬
.
‫دس‬
‫توبهی‬
‫ایي‬
‫هَاسد‬
‫اصلی‬
‫ٌّذسی‬
‫است‬
.
‫ایي‬
‫قبًَى‬
‫ضبیذ‬
ِ‫ث‬
‫ضکل‬
‫چٌیي‬
ُ‫قبػذ‬
‫ای‬
‫ثبضذ‬
:
‫تکبهل‬
‫تذسیجی‬
‫ّش‬
‫ًظبم‬
‫طجیؼی‬
‫تبثغ‬
‫کلیتی‬
‫سیبضی‬
‫ٍاس‬
‫است‬
ٍ
‫تحت‬
‫تبثیش‬
‫گشایطی‬
‫است‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫دس‬
‫رات‬
‫ایي‬
‫دگشدیسی‬
‫ّب‬
‫ٍجَد‬
‫داسد‬
ٍ
‫سجت‬
‫هی‬
‫ضَد‬
‫کلیت‬
‫دس‬
‫جْتی‬
‫خبظ‬
‫ضکَفب‬
‫گشدد‬
.
The Phenomenon of
Life
‫تکامل‬
‫ابتدایی‬ ‫وضعیت‬
‫سادگی‬
‫یکنواختی‬
‫ناپایداری‬
‫کم‬ ‫های‬ ‫گونه‬ ‫تعداد‬
‫کم‬ ‫زیستی‬ ‫هم‬ ‫موارد‬
‫زیاد‬ ‫آنتروپی‬
‫رفت‬ ‫پس‬
‫رفته‬ ‫پیش‬ ‫وضعیت‬
‫پیچیدگی‬
‫تنوع‬
‫پایداری‬
(
‫پایدار‬ ‫حالت‬
)
‫زیاد‬ ‫های‬ ‫گونه‬ ‫تعداد‬
‫زیاد‬ ‫زیستی‬ ‫هم‬ ‫موارد‬
‫کم‬ ‫آنتروپی‬
‫حیات‬
‫هماهنگی‬
‫نسبی‬
‫یک‬
‫ساختار‬
‫بر‬
‫اساس‬
‫تراکم‬
‫و‬
‫شدت‬
‫مراکزی‬
‫که‬
‫در‬
‫آن‬
‫شکل‬
‫گرفته‬
‫اند‬
‫به‬
‫دست‬
‫می‬
‫آید‬
WHOLENESS
And its building blocks: The Centers
"the wholeness we see," is a real,
well-defined structure, not merely
a cognitive impression. That the
thing we recognize as the "gestalt’
of a figure, is - in each case - a
describable mathematical
structure.
However, there was no then-
existing mathematical structure I
knew of, which was able to capture
this "something" or which could
embody it. “
The laws of structural order
‫هختلف‬ ‫ّبی‬ ‫هقیبس‬
‫ابعاد‬ ‫در‬ ‫هراتب‬ ‫سلسله‬
‫خیلی‬ ًِ ٍ ‫ثضسگتش‬ ‫خیلی‬ ًِ
‫کَچکتش‬
‫یک‬ ًِ ٍ ‫چْبسم‬ ‫یک‬ ‫یب‬ ‫ًصف‬
‫دّن‬
‫ًیشٍهٌذ‬ ‫هشاکض‬
‫هشصّب‬
‫هشاکض‬ ُ‫سبصًذ‬
‫اص‬ ‫ثیشٍى‬ ِ‫ث‬ ‫هشکض‬ ‫فصل‬ ٍ ‫ٍصل‬
‫اى‬
‫هشکض‬ ‫ضبى‬ ٍ ِ‫دسج‬ ‫دسخَس‬ ‫هشص‬
‫خَة‬ ‫ضکل‬
‫است‬ ُ‫ضذ‬ ِ‫سبخت‬ ‫هتؼذدی‬ ‫هٌسجن‬ ‫هشاکض‬ ‫اص‬ ِ‫ک‬ ‫است‬ ‫ضکلی‬
‫ضکل‬
‫َّلٌبک‬
‫صٌذلی‬
‫فیَچشیس‬
‫تیک‬
‫هتٌبٍة‬ ‫تکشاس‬
‫احسبس‬
‫ًظن‬
‫دس‬
‫ّش‬
‫هَضَع‬
ِ‫ثشخبست‬
‫اص‬
‫اى‬
‫است‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫ػٌبصش‬
ٍ
‫اجضای‬
‫آى‬
‫ثبسّب‬
ٍ
‫ثبسّب‬
‫تکشاس‬
‫هی‬
‫ضًَذ‬
‫هؼیي‬ ‫فضبی‬
(
‫ػیٌی‬
)
‫هَضؼی‬ ‫تقبسى‬
‫اًسجبم‬
‫ػویق‬ ‫اثْبم‬ ٍ
‫ثٌذی‬ ِ‫دسج‬
‫ًبّوگًَی‬
‫پژٍاک‬
‫خبلی‬ ‫فضبی‬
‫تضبد‬
‫ًبپزیشی‬ ‫جذایی‬
Spirit
when a thing is well made, it is an actual
realization of spirit, a physical appearance
and creation, realization, of spirit in this
world. The process by which a center is
made is the process by which spirit becomes
manifest, becomes actual.
God
So, when that quiet, happy, sad paste
occurs, everything is at peace – then spirit is
made real, the underlying spirit of the world,
its potential, becomes concrete and real.
Then, at the moment, we are face to face
with God. This quality, when it appears in
things, people, in a moment, in an event, is
God.
A necessary state of mind
you make each building in a way which is a
gift to God.
The essence of this state of mind is that
the building must not shout. Emotionally, it
must be completely quiet.
That means I must give up my wish to
draw attention to myself. I must honestly
want the thing which I am making to
become part of the greater world,
inseparable from it... Thus, to make a thing
which is one, I struggle- myself, the maker-
to become one with the world.
This is why, from a practical point of view, there is a
connection between building and religion. The
connection is not historical. It is empirical, because
the religious disciplines are just those which have
taught people how, practically speaking, to lose
themselves. Not only how to become not-separate
but – far harder- how to become willing to become
not-separate.
not-separateness
Not-separateness, like everything else we have
discussed, is a physical attribute of order. It is
something which is visible with in any building that
has life. But when we concentrate on the problem of
creating it, it arises only from a certain state of mind.
I could say that a building which has life in some way
mirrors the structure of our mind, our body, or our
self.
COHERENCE :as an objective concept
and
The unavoidable relationship between
structure, fact and beauty
Estimate the degree of complexity
well-developed system of local symmetries and
sub-symmetries.
“This might be powerful enough, in principle, to help us act as nature does — to create
adaptation and beauty in complex systems, not only efficiency— and to restore to the
landscape of Earth what we have been busy, for two centuries, unintentionally taking away. “
The Nature
of
Order
“
‫تب‬
‫ٌّگبهی‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫دسک‬
‫هب‬
‫اص‬
‫ًظن‬
‫هغطَش‬
ٍ
‫یب‬
‫ثی‬
‫دقت‬
،‫ثبضذ‬
‫هب‬
ِ‫ث‬
‫سبختي‬
‫سبختوبى‬
‫ّبی‬
،‫صضت‬
ًِ‫خب‬
‫ّبیی‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫سالهت‬
‫ػبدی‬
‫اًسبى‬
‫سا‬
‫تبهیي‬
‫ًوی‬
،‫کٌذ‬
‫ثبؽ‬
‫ّب‬
ٍ
‫خیبثبى‬
‫ّبیی‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫ثب‬
‫طجیؼت‬
،‫ًبسبصگبسًذ‬
ٍ
‫جْبًی‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫سٍح‬
‫هب‬
‫سا‬
‫اص‬
‫ثیي‬
‫هی‬
‫ثشد‬
ِ‫اداه‬
‫خَاّین‬
‫داد‬
.
‫ثشای‬
‫هؼوبسی‬
،‫خَة‬
‫ثبیذ‬
‫دسک‬
‫ثٌیبدیي‬
‫خَد‬
‫اص‬
‫سشضت‬
‫ًظن‬
–
‫آى‬
ِ‫چ‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫ّست‬
‫سا‬
‫تغییش‬
‫دّین‬
.
”
”
‫ثب‬
‫ًگشضی‬
‫هکبًیکی‬
ِ‫ث‬
،‫جْبى‬
ِ‫ّو‬
‫چیض‬
،‫سا‬
‫حتی‬
‫اگش‬
‫فقط‬
‫ثشای‬
‫ساحتی‬
‫ثیطتش‬
،‫ثبضذ‬
ِ‫ث‬
ِ‫هثبث‬
‫هبضیي‬
‫هی‬
‫ثیٌین‬
.
‫هبضیي‬
‫ّب‬
‫دس‬
‫پی‬
‫آًٌذ‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫چیضی‬
‫سا‬
ِ‫ث‬
‫اًجبم‬
‫سسبًٌذ‬
ٍ
‫دس‬
‫هبّیت‬
‫ضبى‬
‫ّذف‬
‫هحَس‬
‫ّستٌذ‬
.
‫پس‬
‫ثب‬
‫ًگبّی‬
،‫هکبًیکی‬
‫فشایٌذّب‬
‫ًیض‬
‫هبًٌذ‬
‫هبضیي‬
،‫ّب‬
ِ‫ّویط‬
‫دس‬
‫ساستبی‬
‫اّذاف‬
‫خبظ‬
ُ‫دیذ‬
‫هی‬
‫ضًَذ‬
.
‫چیضّب‬
‫سا‬
‫ثب‬
َُ‫ضی‬
‫ّذف‬
‫داسی‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫هی‬
‫خَاّین‬
‫دس‬
‫ًظش‬
‫هی‬
‫گیشین‬
ٍ
‫ثؼذ‬
‫اص‬
‫خَد‬
‫هی‬
‫پشسین‬
:
”
ًَِ‫چگ‬
‫هی‬
‫تَاى‬
ِ‫ث‬
‫آى‬
‫ّذف‬
‫سسیذ؟‬
”
‫هْشثبًی‬
‫هؼطَف‬
ِ‫ث‬
ِ‫ًتیج‬
‫یب‬
ِ‫ثشخبست‬
‫اص‬
‫فشایٌذ‬
‫اًسبى‬
‫ثَدى‬
‫هبست‬
،
‫هْشثبًی‬
،‫ٍاقؼی‬
‫فشایٌذی‬
‫است‬
‫حقیقی‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫اص‬
ُ‫غشیض‬
‫اًسبًی‬
ٍ
‫داًص‬
‫هب‬
‫دس‬
ُ‫ثبس‬
‫ایي‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫اًسبى‬
‫ثَدى‬
ِ‫ث‬
ِ‫چ‬
،‫هؼٌبست‬
‫ًطبت‬
‫هی‬
‫گیشد‬
...
ِ‫ّو‬
‫هطکل‬
‫فرایٌدهای‬
‫هکاًیکی‬
،‫ّستٌذ‬
‫چیضی‬
ِ‫ک‬
ِ‫ضؼل‬
‫فرایٌد‬
‫زًدگی‬
‫حقیقی‬
‫سا‬
‫خبهَش‬
‫هی‬
‫کٌذ‬
.
‫دس‬
،‫ٍاقغ‬
‫ایي‬
‫هب‬
‫هؼوبساى‬
‫ثَدین‬
ِ‫ک‬
‫فشیبدّبیی‬
‫ّن‬
‫چَى‬
”
ًِ‫خب‬
‫هبضیٌی‬
‫است‬
‫ثشای‬
‫صًذگی‬
”
‫یب‬
”
‫سٍح‬
ًِ‫صهب‬
”
‫سا‬
‫ثش‬
‫آٍسدین‬
‫تب‬
‫تَجیْی‬
ًِ‫ٌّشهٌذا‬
‫ثشای‬
‫فشایٌذ‬
‫هبضیٌی‬
‫سبختي‬
‫فشاّن‬
‫کٌین‬
.
”
‫کمیت‬ ‫سیطره‬ ‫عالم‬ ‫از‬ ‫مکانیکی‬ ‫الگوی‬ ‫و‬
‫یک‬
‫هشکض‬
‫تٌْب‬
‫ثش‬
‫اسبس‬
‫تؼذد‬
‫هشاکض‬
‫فشػی‬
‫تقَیت‬
ُ‫کٌٌذ‬
‫اش‬
‫حیبت‬
‫ثیطتشی‬
‫ًوی‬
‫یبثذ‬
‫ٍیژگی‬
‫ّبی‬
‫سبختبسی‬
‫تکشاس‬
ُ‫ضًَذ‬
‫دس‬
‫ّش‬
ِ‫آًچ‬
ِ‫ک‬
ِ‫دسج‬
‫ای‬
‫اص‬
‫حیبت‬
‫دس‬
‫آى‬
‫است‬
‫هَجَد‬
‫هی‬
‫ثبضذ‬
.

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