Describe the difference between a monitor and a semaphoreSolutio.pdf

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Describe the difference between a monitor and a semaphore Solution Monitor: Monitor is a highly structured programming language construct.It consists of Private variables and private procedures that can only be used within a monitor. Constructors that initialize the monitor.A number of public monitor procedures that can be invoked by users. These monitors have no public data.A monitor is a mini OS with monitor procedures as system calls. Semaphore: Semaphore is a data structure that is used to provide mutual exclusion to critical sections. Semaphores mainly support two operations called wait and Signal . The wait operation blocks a process until the semaphore is open and the signal operation allows another process to enter.MonitorSemaphoreCondition variables only uses these MonitorsThese can be used in anywhere but not in Monitorswait() always blocks it\'s callerwait() does not always blocks it\'s callersignal() either releases a process or the signal is lost as if it never occurssignal() either releases a process or increases Semaphore counterif signal() releases a process,either the caller or the released continues,but not bothif signal() releases a process,the caller and the released both continued.

Describe the difference between a monitor and a semaphore
Solution
Monitor: Monitor is a highly structured programming language construct.It consists of Private
variables and private procedures that can only be used within a monitor. Constructors that
initialize the monitor.A number of public monitor procedures that can be invoked by users.
These monitors have no public data.A monitor is a mini OS with monitor procedures as system
calls.
Semaphore: Semaphore is a data structure that is used to provide mutual exclusion to critical
sections. Semaphores mainly support two operations called wait and Signal . The wait operation
blocks a process until the semaphore is open and the signal operation allows another process to
enter.MonitorSemaphoreCondition variables only uses these MonitorsThese can be used in
anywhere but not in Monitorswait() always blocks it's callerwait() does not always blocks it's
callersignal() either releases a process or the signal is lost as if it never occurssignal() either
releases a process or increases Semaphore counterif signal() releases a process,either the caller
or the released continues,but not bothif signal() releases a process,the caller and the released
both continued

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The project will study the coordination of multiple threads using semaphores. The design should consist of two things: (1) a list of every semaphore, its purpose, and its initial value, and (2) pseudocode for each function. Code Your code should be nicely formatted with plenty of comments. The code should be easy to read, properly indented, employ good naming standards, good structure, and should correctly implement the design. Your code should match your pseudocode. Project Language/Platform This project must target a Unix platform and execute properly on our cs1 or csgrads1 Linux server. The project must be written in Java. Elevator Simulation In this project threads are used to simulate people using an elevator to reach their floor. The threads to be used are as follows: Person: 1) 49 people are in line at the elevator at the beginning of the simulation (1 thread per person). 2) Each person begins at floor 1. 3) Each person randomly picks a floor from 2 to 10. 4) A person will wait for an elevator to arrive at floor 1. 5) A person will board the elevator only if there is room. 6) Once at the destination floor, the person exits the elevator. Elevator: 1) There is 1 elevator (1 thread for the elevator). 2) The elevator can only hold 7 people. 3) The elevator begins on floor 1. 4) The elevator leaves after the 7th person enters. Main 1) Creates all threads and joins all person threads. 2) When last person reaches their floor, the simulation ends. Other rules: 1) Each activity of each thread should be printed with identification (e.g., person 1). 2) A thread may not use sleeping as a means of coordinating with other threads. 3) Busy waiting (polling) is not allowed. 4) Mutual exclusion should be kept to a minimum to allow the most concurrency. 5) The semaphore value may not obtained and used as a basis for program logic. 6) All activities of a thread should only be output by that thread. Sample output: Your project’s output should match the wording of the sample output: Elevator door opens at floor 1 Person 0 enters elevator to go to floor 5 Person 1 enters elevator to go to floor 2 Person 2 enters elevator to go to floor 8 Person 3 enters elevator to go to floor 4 Person 4 enters elevator to go to floor 6 Person 5 enters elevator to go to floor 7 Person 6 enters elevator to go to floor 2 Elevator door closes Elevator door opens at floor 2 Person 1 leaves elevator Person 6 leaves elevator Elevator door closes Elevator door opens at floor 4 Person 3 leaves elevator Elevator door closes Elevator door opens at floor 5 Person 0 leaves elevator Elevator door closes Elevator door opens at floor 6 Person 4 leaves elevator Elevator door closes Elevator door opens at floor 7 Person 5 leaves elevator Elevator door closes Elevator door opens at floor 8 Person 2 leaves elevator Elevator door closes Elevator door opens at floor 1 … Simulation done Solution public class Person implements Runnable{ //possible actions public static final int WAITING = 1; publ.

The project will study the coordination of multiple threads using se.pdf

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The positive selection process for T lymphocytes that occurs In the thymus Involves selection of T lymphocytes that have a high affinity for MHC have a high affinity for MHC and self peptide have a low affinity for MHC and self peptide have a low affinity for MHC Solution Answer c: Positive selection select cells with a T cell receptor able to bind MHC class I and II molecules with at least a weak affinity.hence answer c is correct..

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The local public health agency has received reports of an outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis among attendees at a city-sponsored chili cook-off. What techniques from recombinant DNA technology would the agency likely use to investigate this outbreak? Describe the expected results from these techniques. Solution Please note that the investigation of the outbreak would require molecular biology techniques, not recombinant DNA technology! There would be two steps in the investigation: 1. Establishing that the gastroenteritis is due to Salmonella: Molecular identification techniques such as FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization) or Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR can be used. 2. Establishing that the Salmonella among the attendees is of the same strain: Molecular phylogenetic techniques such as 16S rRNA sequencing or MLST (Multilocus Sequence Typing) can be used..

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how are musical sounds produced? Explain your reasoning. Solution Almost all musical programs are produced basically in two stages: (1) Sound from each individual intrument is recorded in an acoustically inert studio on a single track of a multitrack tape recorder (2) Signals from each track are manipulated by the sound engineer by adding special audio effects and then combined in a mix-down system to generate the final stereo recording on a two- track tape recorder The special audio effects are either generated using time-domain operations or frequency-domain operations. Commonly used time-domain operations are echo generation,reverberation,flanging,chorus generation, and phasing. Commonly used frequency-domain operations are filters and equalizers.

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