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1. Beware of duplicate interview ques-
tion books in market with same name.
Ask for interview question books only
by Shivprasad Koirala from BPB publi-
cations.

2. www.questpond.com
How to buy the book
BPB has done a great job of making this book reach to places where i can hardly imagine. But just
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Want to buy from online :-
.NET Interview Questions From Prakash books
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If you want to buy from Amazon
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SQL Server Interview Questions From Prakash books
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3. Titles written by Shivprasad Koirala
itles
-- .NET Interview questions
-- SQL Server Interview questions
-- Java Interview questions
-- C# and ASP.NET Projects
-- How to prepare Software quotations
-- Excel for office people.
-- Software Testing Interview questions
-- Hacking for beginners
Mail bpb@bol.net.in for any of my titles above,.

4. From the Author
First thing thanks to all those who have sent me complaints and also appreciation for what ever titles
i have written till today. But interview question series is very near to my heart as i can understand
today
the pain of searching a job. Thanks to my publishers (BPB) , readers and reviewers to always excuse
all my stupid things which i always do.
So why is this PDF free ?. W i always wanted to distribute things for free specially when its a
Well
interview question book which can fetch a job for a developer But i am also bounded with publish-
developer.
ers rules and regulations. And why not they have a whole team of editor printing guys, designers,
editor,
distributors, shopkeepers and including me. But again the other aspect, readers should know of what
they are buying , the quality and is it really useful to buy this book. So here are sample free ques-
tions which i am giving out free to the readers to see the worth of the book.
difficult to answer all answers but as i get time
I can be contacted at shiv_koirala@yahoo.com its bit dif
i do it.
We have recently started a career counselling drive absolutely free for new comers and experienced
e
guys. So i have enlisted the following guys on the panel. Thanks to all these guys to accept the panel
job of consulting. Feel free to shoot them questions just put a title in the mail saying “Question about
Career”. I have always turned up to them when i had some serious career decision to take.
Shivprasad Koirala :- Not a great guy but as i have done the complete book i have to take up one of
the positions. Y can contact me at shiv_koirala@yahoo.com for technical career aspect.
You
Tapan Das :- If you think you are aiming at becoming a project manager he is the right person to
T
consult. He can answer all your questions regarding how to groom your career as a project manager
tapand@vsnl.com.
Kapil Siddharth :- If you are thinking to grow as architect in a company then he is a guy. When it
comes to role model as architect i rate this guy at the top. Y can contact him at
You
kapilsiddharth@hotmail.com
Second if you think you can help the developers mail me at shiv_koirala@yahoo.com and if i find
you fitting in the panel i will display your mail address. Please note there are no financial rewards as
such but i am sure you will be proud of the work you are doing and whos knows what can come up.
Lets make Software Industry a better place to work ..... Happy Job Hunting and Best of Luck

5. .NET Interview Questions
Third Edition
(Including .NET 3.0 , AJAX/ATLAS , V
AJAX/A Vista series
(WCF / WPF / WWF) ,UML,Architecture,Project
Management ,SQL Server , Sample project and
General Interview Questions )
Happy job hunting.......................................

6. Contents
Introduction .............................................................
uction .................................................................................. 18
...............................................
Software Company hierarchy ............................................................................
e ............................................................................................................. 22
.....................................................
Resume Preparation Guidelines .....................................
on ..................................................
......................................................................................................... 23
........................................................................
egotiation .............................................................................................................................. 26
Salary Negotiation .............................................................................................
n ..........................................................
.......................................................................
............................................................................................................................. 28
Points to remember ........................................................
er ............................................................................................
.....................................................................
heet ......................................................................................................................... 30
Interview rating Sheet ........................................................................................
w .....................................................
..................................................................
1. Basic .NET Framework ................
sic T ........................
............................................................ 33
.......................................
What is a IL? .....................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... 33
..................................................................
...............................................................................
............................................................
Twist :- What is MSIL or CIL , What is JIT? ................
SIL .............................
..................................................................................... 33
....................................................
.................................................................................................................................. 33
What is a CLR? ...........................................................................
? .................................................................................................
..............................................................
............................................................
................................................................................................................................... 33
What is a CTS? ............................................................................
? ..................................................................................................
...............................................................
............................................................
Specification)?........................................................................... 34
What is a CLS(Common Language Specification)?..........................................
(Common
mmon Specification)?......
Specification)?...................
.................................................................................................................. 34
What is a Managed Code? .................................................................................
aged ...........................................................
..............................................
What is a Assembly? .......................................................................................................................... 34
mbly? .....................................................
What are the different types of Assembly? ......................................................................................... 35
ifferent .....................
What is NameSpace? .......................................................................................................................... 35
What is Difference between NameSpace and Assembly? .................................................................. 35
If you want to view a Assembly how do you go about it ? ................................................................ 35
Twist : What is ILDASM ? .................................................................................................................. 35
What is Manifest? ............................................................................................................................... 37
Where is version information stored of an assembly ?....................................................................... 38
Is versioning applicable to private assemblies? ................................................................................. 38
What is GAC ? .................................................................................................................................... 38
Twist :- What are situations when you register .NET assembly in GAC ? ......................................... 38
What is the concept of strong names ? ............................................................................................... 38
Twist :- How do we generate strong names ? ..................................................................................... 38
Twist :- What is use the of SN.EXE ? .................................................................................................. 38
Twist :- How do we apply strong names to assembly? ....................................................................... 38
Twist :- How do you sign an assembly? ............................................................................................. 38
How to add and remove an assembly from GAC? ............................................................................. 43
What is Delay signing ? ...................................................................................................................... 44
What is garbage collection? ................................................................................................................ 45
Can we force garbage collector to run ? ............................................................................................. 45
What is reflection? .............................................................................................................................. 45
What are different types of JIT ? ....................................................................................................... 46
What are Value types and Reference types ? ...................................................................................... 47
What is concept of Boxing and Unboxing ? ....................................................................................... 47
What is the difference between VB.NET and C# ? ............................................................................ 48
What is the difference between System exceptions and Application exceptions? ............................. 49
What is CODE Access security? ........................................................................................................ 50
What is a satellite assembly? .............................................................................................................. 50
How to prevent my .NET DLL to be decompiled?............................................................................. 50
What is the difference between Convert.toString and .toString() method ? ...................................... 50
What is Native Image Generator (Ngen.exe)? ................................................................................... 51

7. If we have two version of same assembly in GAC how do we make a choice ? ............................... 52
What is CodeDom? ...................................................................................................
t ............................................................................................................................. 60
2..NET Interoperability................................................................. 63
..NET Interoperability..............................................
ET Interoperability.....................................................
Interoperability...............................................
Interoperability.................................................
How can we use COM Components in .NET? ......................................................
ow ............................................................
................................................................................. 63
.....................................................
.............................................................
...................................................
Twist : What is RCW ? ..............................................................................................
wistt .............................................................................................
...................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
....................................................................................................
..........................................................................................
........................................................................................................................ 63
Once I have developed the COM wrapper do I have to still register the COM in r
nce
e registry? ............. 64
i regis
regi
How can we use .NET components in COM? .........................................................
ow .................................................................................... 64
...............................................................
........................................................
................................................................
......................................................
............................................................................. 64
Twist :- What is CCW (COM callable wrapper) ? ..................................................
wistt ........................................................
.........................................................
...............................................
.................................................
ist
Twist :- How do we ensure that .NET components is compatible with COM ? ........
wistt CO .................................. 64
.......
.............
.....
..............
....
w ............................................................................... 67
.......................................
How can we make Windows API calls in .NET? .....................................................
ow ....................................................
..........................................................
..................................................
...........................................................
.................................................
en
When we use windows API in .NET is it managed or unmanaged code ? ..............
hen
n ......................................... 69
....................
.............
.....................
...........
at ................................................................................................................................... 69
...........................................................................................
What is COM ? .........................................................................................................
hat
t ........................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
at ......................................................
What is Reference counting in COM ? ....................................................................
hat
t ............................................................................................... 69
..........................................................................
...................................................................
...........................................................................
.................................................................
Can you describe IUKNOWN interface in short ? ..................................................
an ............................................................................. 69
........................................................
................................................
.........................................................
...............................................
Can you explain what is DCOM ? ........................................................................
an ...................................................................................................... 70
...........................................................................
.................................................................................
..........................................................................
..................................................................................
How do we create DCOM object in VB6? ...........................................................
ow ......................................................................................... 71
..............................................................
....................................................................
.............................................................
.....................................................................
How to implement DTC in .NET ? ..........................................................................
ow ..................................................................................................... 71
................................................................................
........................................................................
.................................................................................
.......................................................................
How many types of Transactions are there in COM + .NET ?.
ow es ?.......................................................... 73
?...............................
?.....................................
?..............................
?............................
?......................................
o ........................................................................................... 74
...................................
How do you do object pooling in .NET ? .......................................................................
ow ................................................................
......................................................................
...............................................................
.............................................................
........................................................................................... 75
..................................
What are types of compatibility in VB6? .......................................................................
hat
t s ................................................................
......................................................................
...............................................................
at .........................................................
.................................................................................. 76
What is equivalent for regsvr32 exe in .NET ? ..........................
hat
t alent .......................................................
.............................................................
......................................................
..............................................................
3. Threading ..............................................
. hreading .................................................................
ing ...................................................................
......................................................................
.................................................................................. 77
What is Multi-tasking ? ..........................................................................................
hat
at
t -tasking ...................................................................................................................... 77
.................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.......................................................................................
...........................................................................................
..............................................................
What is Multi-threading ? .......................................................................................
hat
at
t -threading ................................................................................................................... 77
..............................................................................................
..........................................................................................
...................................................................................
........................................................................................
..........................................................
.............................................................................................................................. 77
..............................................................................
What is a Thread ? .....................................................................
hat
at
t ad ..................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
..............................................................................................
...................................................................................................
Did VB6 support multi-threading ? ............................................
id B6 ort .................................................................................................... 77
.....................................................
...............................................................................
.....................................................................
.........................................................................
Can we have multiple threads in one App domain ? ...............................................
an e ultiple .......................................................................... 77
..........................
..........................................
.................
.....................................................
Which namespace has threading ? ...........................................................................
hich
ch ace ...................................................................................................... 77
......................................................
......................................................................
.................................................................................
.............................................
Can you explain in brief how can we implement threading ? .................................
an ou in ............................................................ 77
............
............................
.......................................
...
How can we change priority and what the levels of priority are provi
ow an hange provided by .NE ? ....................... 78
.NET ..
.N
What does AddressOf operator do in background ? ...................
hat
t dressOf ........................................................................... 79
............................
............................................
................................................
......................................................
How can you reference current thread of the method ? ......................................
an ...................................................................... 79
.......................
..............
What's Thread.Sleep() in threading ? ..................................................................
t's ................................................................................................. 79
How can we make a thread sleep for infinite period ? .......................................
....................................................................... 79
What is Suspend and Resume in Threading ? .....................................................
t .................................................................................... 79
What the way to stop a long running thread ? .................................................................................... 80
How do I debug thread ? .................................................................................................................... 80
What is Thread.Join() in threading ? .................................................................................................. 81
What are Daemon threads and how can a thread be created as Daemon? ......................................... 81
When working with shared data in threading how do you implement synchronization ? ................. 81
Can we use events with threading ? ................................................................................................... 82
How can we know a state of a thread? ............................................................................................... 82
What is a monitor object? ................................................................................................................... 82
What are wait handles ? ...................................................................................................................... 83
Twist :- What is a mutex object ? ........................................................................................................ 83
What is ManualResetEvent and AutoResetEvent ? .......................................................................... 83

8. What is ReaderWriter Locks ? ............................................................................................................ 83
How can you avoid deadlock in threading? ..............
w id ..........................................................
....................................................................................... 84
What is the difference between thread and process? ............
hat
at ence .......................................................................... 84
.............................................
.
4. Remoting and Webservices........
Webservices...............
Webservices.....................................
Webservices....................................................... 85
What is an application domain? ......................................................................................................... 85
hat
at tion ...........................................
............................................................................
................................
What is .NET Remoting ? ................................................................................................................... 85
hat
at oting .....................................................
..........................................
......................................................................................
Which class does the remote object has to inherit ? ........................................................................... 86
hich
ich .............
..
..............................................
What are two different types of remote object creation mode in .NET ? ........
hat
at mod ........................................... 86
..............
Describe in detail Basic of SAO architecture of Remoting? ............................
scribe .............................................................. 86
.................................
What are the situations you will use singleton architecture in remoting ? ......
hat ........................................ 91
hat
What is fundamental of published or precreated objects in Remoting ? ......... ................
............................................ 91
s
What are the ways in which client can create object on server in CAO model ? ....
hat serv ............................... 91
.....................................
............................................................................................................. 92
Are CAO stateful in nature ? .................................................................................
re ..........................................................................
...............................................
r
In CAO model for client objects to be created by “NEW” keyword what sh“N should we do? ............... 92
n implem
Is it a good design practice to distribute the implementation to Remoting Cl
implementatio Client ? ......................... 93
What are LeaseTime, SponsorshipTime, RenewonCa
hat me, RenewonCallTime and LeaseMana LeaseManagerPollTime? ............. 93
LeaseManagerP
hich channels/prot .............................................................. 94
...................................
Which config file has all the supported channels/protocol ? ............................
ow ify Co
How can you specify remoting parameters using Config files ? ..................... ........................................................ 95
............................
an C
Can Non-Default constructors be used with Single Call SAO? ....................... ......................................................... 97
..............................
Twist :- What are the limitation of constructors for Single call SAO ? ..................
wist ............................................. 97
...........
How can we call methods in remoting Asynchronous ? ..............................
ow ethods ................................................................. 98
Asynchronously .....................................
hat nous ............................................................................................ 98
....................
.................................................................
What is Asynchronous One-Way Calls ? ..........................................................
hat
What is marshalling and what are different kinds of marshalling ? ................. ................................................... 98
........................
hat .................................................................................................. 99
......................................................................
What is ObjRef object in remoting ? ...............................................................
hat ..................................................................................................................... 99
.........................................................................................
What is a Web Service ? ..................................................................................
hat ................................................................................................................................ 100
......................................................................................................
What is UDDI ? ...............................................................................................
hat .............................................................................................................................. 100
....................................................................................................
What is DISCO ? .............................................................................................
hat ................................................................................................................................ 100
......................................................................................................
What is WSDL? ...............................................................................................
What the different phase/steps of acquiring a proxy object in Webservice ? ...
hat ................................... 100
..........
What is file extension of Webservices ? ........................................................................................... 101
Which attribute is used in order that the method can be used as WebService ? ............................... 102
What are the steps to create a webservice and consume it ? ............................................................ 102
Do webservice have state ?............................................................................................................... 111
5. Caching Concepts ................................................................... 113
What is an application object ? ........................................................................................................ 113
What’s the difference between Cache object and application object ? ............................................ 113
How can get access to cache object ? ............................................................................................... 113
What are dependencies in cache and types of dependencies ? ......................................................... 113
Can you show a simple code showing file dependency in cache ? .................................................. 114
What is Cache Callback in Cache ? .................................................................................................. 114
What is scavenging ? ........................................................................................................................ 115
What are different types of caching using cache object of ASP.NET? ............................................. 115
How can you cache different version of same page using ASP.NET cache object ? ....................... 115
How will implement Page Fragment Caching ? ............................................................................... 116
Can you compare ASP.NET sessions with classic ASP? .................................................................. 116
Which various modes of storing ASP.NET session ? ....................................................................... 116

9. Is Session_End event supported in all session modes ? ................................................................... 117
What are the precautions you will take in order that StateServer Mode work properly ? ............... 117
What are the precautions you will take in order that SQLSERVER Mode work pro
hatt pr
properly ? ........... 117
Where do you specify session state mode in ASP.NET ? ...........................................
here
re ................................................................. 118
....................................
........................................
............................................
What are the other ways you can maintain state ?......................................................
hatt ?................................................
?...................................................
?.......................................................
?............................................................................ 118
hat re .............................................................. 118
What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden fields ? ........................................
t ....................................
.................................
.........................................
.....................................
hat s .......................................................................................................................... 119
...............................................................................
What is ViewState ? ....................................................................................................
t ................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
Does the performance for viewstate vary according to User controls ? ....................
oes he
s .......................................... 119
.................
..............
.....................
hat re
What are benefits and Limitation of using Viewstate for state management? ...........
t manage ................................. 119
.......
.....
........
............
ow an ................................................................... 120
..........................................
........................
How can you use Hidden frames to cache client data ? .............................................
.......................................
..............................................
hat re ..................
...................................
What are benefits and limitations of using Hidden frames? .......................................
t ............................................................. 120
................................
........................................
....................................
hat re ............................
.............................................
What are benefits and limitations of using Cookies? .................................................
t ....................................................................... 121
..........................................
..............................................
..................................................
What is Query String and What are benefits and limitations of using Query Strings .................... 121
hat s
t Strings?
Stri
Strin
6. OOPS .......................................................................
. OPS .........................................................................
...........................................................
..........................................................................
...................................................................................... 135
.....................................................................
What is Object Oriented Programming ? ................................................................
hat s
t ..............................................
....................................................................
...................................................................
......................................................................................... 135
...............................................................
............................................................
What’s a Class ?.......................................................................................................
hat’s
t’s ?.....................................................................................
?...........................................................................................................
?..........................................................................................................
?....................................................................................................
?.........................................................................................................
?................................................................................................................................ 135
What’s an Object ? ..................................................................................................
hat’s
t’s ............................................................................................................................ 135
.....................................................................................................
.................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
...............................................................................................
......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
What is the relation between Classes and Objects ? ...............................................
hat
t ........................................................................ 135
.............................
...................................................
............................................
..................................................
.................................................
What are different properties provided by Object-oriented systems ? ....................
hat
t ............................................. 135
......................
..
........................
................
.......................
Twist :- Can you explain different properties of Object Oriented Systems? ........
wist
ist
t Syste .................................... 135
...............
..............
...........
.............
Twist :- What is difference between Association, Aggregation and Inheritance r
wist
ist
t Inh relationships? ...... 136
relati
relat
rel
rela
................................................................................ 137
How can we acheive inheritance in VB.NET ? .......................................................
ow .........................................................
.....................................
...........................................................
...................................................
..........................................................
What are abstract classes ? ..................................................................................
hat ............................................................................................................... 138
....................................................................
..........................................................................................
........................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... 140
What is a Interface ? ....................................................................................................
hat ..............................................................................
............................................................................................
............................................................ 142
What is difference between abstract classes and interfaces? ................................
hat .................
.......................................
.......................................................................................................................... 142
What is a delegate ? .....................................................................................................
hat ...............................................................................
.............................................................................................
?.............................................................................................................................. 143
What are events ?.................................................................................................
hat ?...................................................................................
?.........................................................................................................
............................................................................................................ 145
Do events have return type ? ...............................................................................
o .................................................................
.......................................................................................
Can event’s have access modifiers ? ...........................................................................
an ................................................................................................ 145
Can we have shared events ? .......................................................................................
an ............................................................................................................ 145
What is shadowing ? ....................................................................................................
hat ......................................................................................................................... 145
What is the difference between Shadowing and Overriding ? ........................................................ 146
What is the difference between delegate and events? ...................................................................... 146
If we inherit a class do the private variables also get inherited ? ..................................................... 147
What are the different accessibility levels defined in .NET ? .......................................................... 147
Can you prevent a class from overriding ? ....................................................................................... 147
What is the use of “MustInherit” keyword in VB.NET ? ................................................................. 147
Do interface have accessibility modifier? ........................................................................................ 148
What are similarities between Class and structure ? ........................................................................ 148
What is the difference between Class and structure’s ? ................................................................... 148
What does virtual keyword mean ? .................................................................................................. 148
What are shared (VB.NET)/Static(C#) variables? ........................................................................... 148
What is Dispose method in .NET ? .................................................................................................. 150
What is the use of “OverRides” and “Overridable” keywords ? ...................................................... 150
Where are all .NET Collection classes located ? ............................................................................. 150
What is ArrayList ? ........................................................................................................................... 151
What’s a HashTable ? ....................................................................................................................... 151

10. Twist :- What’s difference between HashTable and ArrayList ? ....................................................... 151
What are queues and stacks ? ...................................................................
........................................................................................................... 151
What is ENUM ? ..................................................................................
hat
at UM ................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. 151
..............................................................................................
......................................................................................
What is nested Classes ? ...........................................................................
hat
at sted ................................................................................................................... 151
.........................................................................................
.....................................................................
.......................................................................
...................................................................................
..........................................................................
What is Operator Overloading in .NET? ..............................................
hat
at perator .................................................
................................................................
............................................
..........................................................
.......................................................................................... 152
..................................................
In below sample code if we create a object of class2 which constructor will f f
n ample construc
construct fire first ? ................. 152
What is the significance of Finalize method in .NET? .............................
hat
at e ..................................................................... 152
............................
............................................
.......................
.........................
.....................................
Why is it preferred to not use finalize for clean up? ................................
hy
y referred ........................................................................ 153
..............................................
..........................
............................
........................................
...............................
......................................................................................... 154
.......................................................
How can we suppress a finalize method? .............................................
oww e ...............................................................
...........................................
................................................
.........................................................
.................................................
...........................................................
............................................................................................. 154
What is the use of DISPOSE method? ....................................................
hat
at e ....................................................................
...............................................
.................................................
.............................................................
.....................................................
How do I force the Dispose method to be called automatically? .............
oww ..................................................... 155
...................
............
...........................
.......
.........
.....................
In what instances you will declare a constructor to be private? ...............
n stances ....................................................... 155
.....................
..............
..............................
.........
...........
.......................
Can we have different access modifiers on get/set methods of a propert ? ...........
an
n ve pro
property ....
prop
prope .................................... 156
..
If we write a goto or a return statement in try and catch block will the finall blo execute ? .... 156
f e th finally block
t final
.............................................................................................................................. 156
............................................................................................
What is Indexer ? ..............................................................................................
hat
at dexer ..................................................................................
.....................................................................................
....................................................................................................
................................................................................
.................................................................................................. 156
................................................................
Can we have static indexer in C# ? .........................................................
an
n ve ........................................................................
....................................................
......................................................
..................................................................
What is the difference between System.String and System.StringBuild classes ........................ 156
hat e System.StringBuilder cla
System.StringBu
System.StringBuil classes?
cl
7. ASP.NET ..................................................................
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What’ is the sequence in which ASP.NET events are processed ? ....
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In which event are the controls fully loaded ? ...................................
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How can we identify that the Page is PostBack ? .............................
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How does ASP.NET maintain state in between subsequent request ? ..............
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What is event bubbling ? .........................................................................................
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How do we assign page specific attributes ? .....................................
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If we want to make sure that no one has tampered with ViewState, how do w ensure it? ............. 158
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What is the use of @ Register directives ? ........................................
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What’s the use of SmartNavigation property ? ..................................
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What is AppSetting Section in “Web.Config” file ? .........................................
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Where is ViewState information stored ? ........................................................
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What is the use of @ OutputCache directive in ASP.NET? ...........................
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How can we create custom controls in ASP.NET ? ..........................
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How many types of validation controls are provided by ASP.NET ?..............
any ASP.N ?.............................................. 159
Can you explain what is “AutoPostBack” feature in ASP.NET ? ................................................... 160
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How can you enable automatic paging in DataGrid ? ..................................................................... 160
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What’s the use of “GLOBAL.ASAX” file ? .................................................................................... 160
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What is the difference between “Web.config” and “Machine.Config” ? ........................................ 160
What is a SESSION and APPLICATION object ? .......................................................................... 161
What is the difference between Server.Transfer and response.Redirect ? ....................................... 161
What is the difference between Authentication and authorization? ................................................. 161
What is impersonation in ASP.NET ? .............................................................................................. 162
Can you explain in brief how the ASP.NET authentication process works? ................................... 162
What are the various ways of authentication techniques in ASP.NET? .......................................... 163
How does authorization work in ASP.NET? .................................................................................... 165
What’s difference between Datagrid, Datalist and repeater ? .......................................................... 166
From performance point of view how do they rate ? ....................................................................... 167
What is the method to customize columns in DataGrid? ................................................................. 167
How can we format data inside DataGrid? ....................................................................................... 167