1. ‫بسم ال الرحمن الرحيم‬
Define the following_1
Saponificatin number:_it is the number of milligram of KOH required to_1
.saponify one gram of faty
Acid value:_the number of milliliter of 0.1 mol KOH required to neutralize_2
.agiven weight of faty
Iodine number:_measurement of unsaturated.it is the number of gram of_3
..iodine absorbed by 100 gram of fats
?what is the effect of air on the oils_2
.auto oxidation and convert it to peroxide and cause rendering or rancidity of oils
?Compare between wet rendering and dry rendering_3
wet rendering:_is aprocess to extract animals oil by heating it in atank with steam
in which rapture process takes place and then separate oil from water by
.separator funnel
dry rendering:_ difrence from wet renderingin the heating method which is takes
place by steam jacket
?Why wet rendering is prefered only in foods oil_4
Because in dry rendering spiliting process occured and oils covert to esters and
..soap
?What is meaning of hydrogenation_5
.converting oils(un saturated) to fats(saturated) by breaking the double bond
?Mention the steps of oils refining_6
Alkali refining_1
Deguming_2
Bleaching_3
Deouderization_4
Wintering_5
?what is the alkali refining_6
It is neutralization process in which acalculated amount of NAOH is added to oil
.to react with free faty acid and remove it
?What is the foot soap_7
foot soap results from alkali refining process and contain agreat amount of
impurites and it consider an important source of faty acids in the soap
.manufacture
?What is degumming process_8
It is the process in which lecithin is removed from oil by filteration with
.(water(lecithin incease the oil viscosity

2. ?What is the bleaching process_9
It is the process in which fuller earth or bleaching earth is added to oil to remove
..the impurities after precipitation
?What is the deouderization_10
Heating oils at atemperature in which the ouder material is vapourized and
.removing it by suction process
?What is wintering process_11
.cooling of oils at atempertature below winter temperature