Matthew 13 Commentary Exploring Parables of the Kingdom

MATTHEW 13 COMME TARY
Written and edited by Glenn Pease
PREFACE
I quote many different authors in this study, and most are in public domain, but
some are current authors, and if they have any reason to not want their wisdom
shared in this way, they can let me know and I will remove it. My e-mail is
glenndalepease@gmail.com
I TRODUCTIO
1. Alexander Maclaren, “seven parables of the kingdom, in this chapter, are not toseven parables of the kingdom, in this chapter, are not toseven parables of the kingdom, in this chapter, are not toseven parables of the kingdom, in this chapter, are not to
be regarded as grouped together by Matthew. They were spoken consecutively, as isbe regarded as grouped together by Matthew. They were spoken consecutively, as isbe regarded as grouped together by Matthew. They were spoken consecutively, as isbe regarded as grouped together by Matthew. They were spoken consecutively, as is
obvious from the notes of time in vv.obvious from the notes of time in vv.obvious from the notes of time in vv.obvious from the notes of time in vv. 36363636 andandandand 53535353. They are a great whole, setting. They are a great whole, setting. They are a great whole, setting. They are a great whole, setting
forth the " mystery of the kingdom " in its method of establishment, its corruption,forth the " mystery of the kingdom " in its method of establishment, its corruption,forth the " mystery of the kingdom " in its method of establishment, its corruption,forth the " mystery of the kingdom " in its method of establishment, its corruption,
its out ward and inward growth, the conditions of entrance into it, and its finalits out ward and inward growth, the conditions of entrance into it, and its finalits out ward and inward growth, the conditions of entrance into it, and its finalits out ward and inward growth, the conditions of entrance into it, and its final
purification. The sacred number seven, impressed upon them, is the token ofpurification. The sacred number seven, impressed upon them, is the token ofpurification. The sacred number seven, impressed upon them, is the token ofpurification. The sacred number seven, impressed upon them, is the token of
completeness. They fall into two parts : four of them being spoken to the multitudescompleteness. They fall into two parts : four of them being spoken to the multitudescompleteness. They fall into two parts : four of them being spoken to the multitudescompleteness. They fall into two parts : four of them being spoken to the multitudes
from the boat, and presenting the more obvious aspects of the development of thefrom the boat, and presenting the more obvious aspects of the development of thefrom the boat, and presenting the more obvious aspects of the development of thefrom the boat, and presenting the more obvious aspects of the development of the
kingdom ; three being addressed to the disciples in the house, and setting forthkingdom ; three being addressed to the disciples in the house, and setting forthkingdom ; three being addressed to the disciples in the house, and setting forthkingdom ; three being addressed to the disciples in the house, and setting forth
truths about it more fitted for them.媒truths about it more fitted for them.媒truths about it more fitted for them.媒truths about it more fitted for them.媒
2222. Joseph Addison Alexander, “This division of the narrative is chiefly occupied with. Joseph Addison Alexander, “This division of the narrative is chiefly occupied with. Joseph Addison Alexander, “This division of the narrative is chiefly occupied with. Joseph Addison Alexander, “This division of the narrative is chiefly occupied with
samples of our Lord's parabolic mode of teaching, of which seven are here broughtsamples of our Lord's parabolic mode of teaching, of which seven are here broughtsamples of our Lord's parabolic mode of teaching, of which seven are here broughtsamples of our Lord's parabolic mode of teaching, of which seven are here brought
together, in an order at once topical and chronological. In addition to the parablestogether, in an order at once topical and chronological. In addition to the parablestogether, in an order at once topical and chronological. In addition to the parablestogether, in an order at once topical and chronological. In addition to the parables
themselves, we have his own interpretation of two of them, not only enabling us tothemselves, we have his own interpretation of two of them, not only enabling us tothemselves, we have his own interpretation of two of them, not only enabling us tothemselves, we have his own interpretation of two of them, not only enabling us to
understand them in particular but also throwing light upon the true method ofunderstand them in particular but also throwing light upon the true method ofunderstand them in particular but also throwing light upon the true method ofunderstand them in particular but also throwing light upon the true method of
interpreting parables in general. The "first and longest, that of the sower, shows theinterpreting parables in general. The "first and longest, that of the sower, shows theinterpreting parables in general. The "first and longest, that of the sower, shows theinterpreting parables in general. The "first and longest, that of the sower, shows the
various receptions which the word or doctrine of the kingdom would meet with in thevarious receptions which the word or doctrine of the kingdom would meet with in thevarious receptions which the word or doctrine of the kingdom would meet with in thevarious receptions which the word or doctrine of the kingdom would meet with in the
hearts of men (hearts of men (hearts of men (hearts of men (1111----9999). This is followed by a statement of his reason for employing this). This is followed by a statement of his reason for employing this). This is followed by a statement of his reason for employing this). This is followed by a statement of his reason for employing this
mode of instruction (mode of instruction (mode of instruction (mode of instruction (10101010----17171717), and a formal explanation of the parable just uttered (), and a formal explanation of the parable just uttered (), and a formal explanation of the parable just uttered (), and a formal explanation of the parable just uttered (18181818----
23232323). The second parable is that of the tares, showing the mixed condition of the). The second parable is that of the tares, showing the mixed condition of the). The second parable is that of the tares, showing the mixed condition of the). The second parable is that of the tares, showing the mixed condition of the
visible church, and the proper mode of dealing with it (visible church, and the proper mode of dealing with it (visible church, and the proper mode of dealing with it (visible church, and the proper mode of dealing with it (2222----1111----30303030). This is followed by a). This is followed by a). This is followed by a). This is followed by a
double parable (the mustarddouble parable (the mustarddouble parable (the mustarddouble parable (the mustard----seed and leaven), showing, as usually understood, theseed and leaven), showing, as usually understood, theseed and leaven), showing, as usually understood, theseed and leaven), showing, as usually understood, the
expansive nature of the true religion (expansive nature of the true religion (expansive nature of the true religion (expansive nature of the true religion (31313131----35353535). Then comes his private explanation of). Then comes his private explanation of). Then comes his private explanation of). Then comes his private explanation of

the tares to his disciples, at their own request (the tares to his disciples, at their own request (the tares to his disciples, at their own request (the tares to his disciples, at their own request (36363636----43434343). To these Matthew adds the). To these Matthew adds the). To these Matthew adds the). To these Matthew adds the
parables of the hidden treasure and the pearl of great price, showing how the gospelparables of the hidden treasure and the pearl of great price, showing how the gospelparables of the hidden treasure and the pearl of great price, showing how the gospelparables of the hidden treasure and the pearl of great price, showing how the gospel
should be valued and secured (should be valued and secured (should be valued and secured (should be valued and secured (44444444----46464646). and concludes the series with that of the net,). and concludes the series with that of the net,). and concludes the series with that of the net,). and concludes the series with that of the net,
of kindred import with the tares, but not without peculiar features of its own (of kindred import with the tares, but not without peculiar features of its own (of kindred import with the tares, but not without peculiar features of its own (of kindred import with the tares, but not without peculiar features of its own (47474747----50505050),),),),
and a brief conversation as to parables in general (and a brief conversation as to parables in general (and a brief conversation as to parables in general (and a brief conversation as to parables in general (51515151----53535353). The remainder of the). The remainder of the). The remainder of the). The remainder of the
chapter might have been connected with the next, as it has no relation to thechapter might have been connected with the next, as it has no relation to thechapter might have been connected with the next, as it has no relation to thechapter might have been connected with the next, as it has no relation to the
Savior's parables, but records his rejection by his old neighbors and acquaintances atSavior's parables, but records his rejection by his old neighbors and acquaintances atSavior's parables, but records his rejection by his old neighbors and acquaintances atSavior's parables, but records his rejection by his old neighbors and acquaintances at
Nazareth (Nazareth (Nazareth (Nazareth (54545454----58585858).”).”).”).”
3333. Charles Frederick Schaeffer, 撤reliminary Observation,. Charles Frederick Schaeffer, 撤reliminary Observation,. Charles Frederick Schaeffer, 撤reliminary Observation,. Charles Frederick Schaeffer, 撤reliminary Observation, ・・・・Matthew has recorded inMatthew has recorded inMatthew has recorded inMatthew has recorded in
this chapter a number of parables, in conformity to the plan which he appears to havethis chapter a number of parables, in conformity to the plan which he appears to havethis chapter a number of parables, in conformity to the plan which he appears to havethis chapter a number of parables, in conformity to the plan which he appears to have
adopted (see PreL Obs, to ch.adopted (see PreL Obs, to ch.adopted (see PreL Obs, to ch.adopted (see PreL Obs, to ch. 5555) of arranging his materials rather according to the) of arranging his materials rather according to the) of arranging his materials rather according to the) of arranging his materials rather according to the
class of subjects than according to the chronological order. Luke presents a similarclass of subjects than according to the chronological order. Luke presents a similarclass of subjects than according to the chronological order. Luke presents a similarclass of subjects than according to the chronological order. Luke presents a similar
illustrative collection of parables in the passageillustrative collection of parables in the passageillustrative collection of parables in the passageillustrative collection of parables in the passage 14141414 :::: 28282828 ;;;; 16161616 :::: 31313131, although a, although a, although a, although a
comparison of several of the connecting words (comparison of several of the connecting words (comparison of several of the connecting words (comparison of several of the connecting words (14141414:::: 25252525 ;;;; 15151515::::3333,,,,11111111;;;; 16161616: i) indicates that: i) indicates that: i) indicates that: i) indicates that
the parables themselves were pronounced at different times. The words in Matt.the parables themselves were pronounced at different times. The words in Matt.the parables themselves were pronounced at different times. The words in Matt.the parables themselves were pronounced at different times. The words in Matt. 13131313 ::::
53535353 do not necessarily imply that the seven parables in the present chapter were setdo not necessarily imply that the seven parables in the present chapter were setdo not necessarily imply that the seven parables in the present chapter were setdo not necessarily imply that the seven parables in the present chapter were set
forth by the Lord in immediate succession ; hence, while according to ver.forth by the Lord in immediate succession ; hence, while according to ver.forth by the Lord in immediate succession ; hence, while according to ver.forth by the Lord in immediate succession ; hence, while according to ver. 2222 he is inhe is inhe is inhe is in
a boat, nevertheless in ver.a boat, nevertheless in ver.a boat, nevertheless in ver.a boat, nevertheless in ver. 10101010 andandandand 36363636 the disciples are represented as coming to himthe disciples are represented as coming to himthe disciples are represented as coming to himthe disciples are represented as coming to him
privately. Indeed, his hearers could not have remembered and understood words ofprivately. Indeed, his hearers could not have remembered and understood words ofprivately. Indeed, his hearers could not have remembered and understood words ofprivately. Indeed, his hearers could not have remembered and understood words of
such deep import, if all had been uttered without interruption ; the words rathersuch deep import, if all had been uttered without interruption ; the words rathersuch deep import, if all had been uttered without interruption ; the words rathersuch deep import, if all had been uttered without interruption ; the words rather
refer to an earlier period of time during the Lord's abode in the region. The privaterefer to an earlier period of time during the Lord's abode in the region. The privaterefer to an earlier period of time during the Lord's abode in the region. The privaterefer to an earlier period of time during the Lord's abode in the region. The private
conversation of Christ and His disciples, inserted in ver.conversation of Christ and His disciples, inserted in ver.conversation of Christ and His disciples, inserted in ver.conversation of Christ and His disciples, inserted in ver. 10101010----23232323, and which,, and which,, and which,, and which,
according to Markaccording to Markaccording to Markaccording to Mark 4444 :::: 10101010, compared with ver. i (" into a boat " when he was alone "),, compared with ver. i (" into a boat " when he was alone "),, compared with ver. i (" into a boat " when he was alone "),, compared with ver. i (" into a boat " when he was alone "),
occurred at another time and place, as well as the conversation inserted in ver.occurred at another time and place, as well as the conversation inserted in ver.occurred at another time and place, as well as the conversation inserted in ver.occurred at another time and place, as well as the conversation inserted in ver. 36363636----
43434343, together with the difference in the order found in Mark, ch., together with the difference in the order found in Mark, ch., together with the difference in the order found in Mark, ch., together with the difference in the order found in Mark, ch. 4444, and Luke, ch., and Luke, ch., and Luke, ch., and Luke, ch. 8888,,,,
lead to the following conclusions:lead to the following conclusions:lead to the following conclusions:lead to the following conclusions: ・・・・Matthew has made a selection of parablesMatthew has made a selection of parablesMatthew has made a selection of parablesMatthew has made a selection of parables
pronounced on different occasions, and it is his purpose to illustrate the Lord's modepronounced on different occasions, and it is his purpose to illustrate the Lord's modepronounced on different occasions, and it is his purpose to illustrate the Lord's modepronounced on different occasions, and it is his purpose to illustrate the Lord's mode
of revealing the nature, etc., of the kingdom of heaven by means of Parables.of revealing the nature, etc., of the kingdom of heaven by means of Parables.of revealing the nature, etc., of the kingdom of heaven by means of Parables.of revealing the nature, etc., of the kingdom of heaven by means of Parables.
Possibly the four parables which precede ver.Possibly the four parables which precede ver.Possibly the four parables which precede ver.Possibly the four parables which precede ver. 36363636 were delivered in succession beforewere delivered in succession beforewere delivered in succession beforewere delivered in succession before
the people; the words in ver.the people; the words in ver.the people; the words in ver.the people; the words in ver. 51515151 andandandand 53535353 indicate that the remaining portion of theindicate that the remaining portion of theindicate that the remaining portion of theindicate that the remaining portion of the
parables, three in number, must be assigned to private conversations with theparables, three in number, must be assigned to private conversations with theparables, three in number, must be assigned to private conversations with theparables, three in number, must be assigned to private conversations with the
disciples.disciples.disciples.disciples.・・・・
4444. I find it interesting that Jesus chose to use nature as his primary source for. I find it interesting that Jesus chose to use nature as his primary source for. I find it interesting that Jesus chose to use nature as his primary source for. I find it interesting that Jesus chose to use nature as his primary source for
illustrations in his teaching. In this chapter alone we see him referring toillustrations in his teaching. In this chapter alone we see him referring toillustrations in his teaching. In this chapter alone we see him referring toillustrations in his teaching. In this chapter alone we see him referring to
seed,birds,soil,growth,Sun,roots,thorns,grain,fruit,field,weeds,wheat,shrubs,tree,leavseed,birds,soil,growth,Sun,roots,thorns,grain,fruit,field,weeds,wheat,shrubs,tree,leavseed,birds,soil,growth,Sun,roots,thorns,grain,fruit,field,weeds,wheat,shrubs,tree,leavseed,birds,soil,growth,Sun,roots,thorns,grain,fruit,field,weeds,wheat,shrubs,tree,leav
en,bread,fire,pearl,sea, and fish. That is a lot of nature, and likely more than you willen,bread,fire,pearl,sea, and fish. That is a lot of nature, and likely more than you willen,bread,fire,pearl,sea, and fish. That is a lot of nature, and likely more than you willen,bread,fire,pearl,sea, and fish. That is a lot of nature, and likely more than you will
find in any other chapter in the Gospels. Jesus loved nature because it was hisfind in any other chapter in the Gospels. Jesus loved nature because it was hisfind in any other chapter in the Gospels. Jesus loved nature because it was hisfind in any other chapter in the Gospels. Jesus loved nature because it was his
creation. It was the product of his own creative mind, and it was the best source forcreation. It was the product of his own creative mind, and it was the best source forcreation. It was the product of his own creative mind, and it was the best source forcreation. It was the product of his own creative mind, and it was the best source for

conveying ideas that you intend to last for all of history. If Jesus would have had aconveying ideas that you intend to last for all of history. If Jesus would have had aconveying ideas that you intend to last for all of history. If Jesus would have had aconveying ideas that you intend to last for all of history. If Jesus would have had a
focus on man made things his teaching would have become obsolete, for man madefocus on man made things his teaching would have become obsolete, for man madefocus on man made things his teaching would have become obsolete, for man madefocus on man made things his teaching would have become obsolete, for man made
things change constantly. Nature, however, is always the same, and what people sawthings change constantly. Nature, however, is always the same, and what people sawthings change constantly. Nature, however, is always the same, and what people sawthings change constantly. Nature, however, is always the same, and what people saw
happen in his day, we see happening today. Nature is consistent all through historyhappen in his day, we see happening today. Nature is consistent all through historyhappen in his day, we see happening today. Nature is consistent all through historyhappen in his day, we see happening today. Nature is consistent all through history
and in every part of the world. Nature is the ideal source for illustrations.and in every part of the world. Nature is the ideal source for illustrations.and in every part of the world. Nature is the ideal source for illustrations.and in every part of the world. Nature is the ideal source for illustrations.
5555. Edward Armstrong wrote, 滴e spake of grass and wind and rain, And fig tree and. Edward Armstrong wrote, 滴e spake of grass and wind and rain, And fig tree and. Edward Armstrong wrote, 滴e spake of grass and wind and rain, And fig tree and. Edward Armstrong wrote, 滴e spake of grass and wind and rain, And fig tree and
fair weather; And made it His delight to bring, Heaven and earth together.fair weather; And made it His delight to bring, Heaven and earth together.fair weather; And made it His delight to bring, Heaven and earth together.fair weather; And made it His delight to bring, Heaven and earth together.・・・・DoddDoddDoddDodd
wrote, 典his sense of the divine in the natural order is the major premise of all thewrote, 典his sense of the divine in the natural order is the major premise of all thewrote, 典his sense of the divine in the natural order is the major premise of all thewrote, 典his sense of the divine in the natural order is the major premise of all the
parables.parables.parables.parables.・・・・The wonders of nature are what they are by his design.The wonders of nature are what they are by his design.The wonders of nature are what they are by his design.The wonders of nature are what they are by his design.
6666. William Barclay, 溺att.. William Barclay, 溺att.. William Barclay, 溺att.. William Barclay, 溺att. 13131313 is a very important chapter in the pattern of theis a very important chapter in the pattern of theis a very important chapter in the pattern of theis a very important chapter in the pattern of the
gospel.gospel.gospel.gospel.
(i) It shows a definite turning(i) It shows a definite turning(i) It shows a definite turning(i) It shows a definite turning----point in the ministry of Jesus. At the beginning of hispoint in the ministry of Jesus. At the beginning of hispoint in the ministry of Jesus. At the beginning of hispoint in the ministry of Jesus. At the beginning of his
ministry we find him teaching in the synagogues; but now we find him teaching on theministry we find him teaching in the synagogues; but now we find him teaching on theministry we find him teaching in the synagogues; but now we find him teaching on theministry we find him teaching in the synagogues; but now we find him teaching on the
seashore. The change is very significant. It was not that the door of the synagogueseashore. The change is very significant. It was not that the door of the synagogueseashore. The change is very significant. It was not that the door of the synagogueseashore. The change is very significant. It was not that the door of the synagogue
was as yet finally shut to him, but it was closing. Even yet in the synagogue he wouldwas as yet finally shut to him, but it was closing. Even yet in the synagogue he wouldwas as yet finally shut to him, but it was closing. Even yet in the synagogue he wouldwas as yet finally shut to him, but it was closing. Even yet in the synagogue he would
find a welcome from the common people; but the official leaders of Jewish orthodoxyfind a welcome from the common people; but the official leaders of Jewish orthodoxyfind a welcome from the common people; but the official leaders of Jewish orthodoxyfind a welcome from the common people; but the official leaders of Jewish orthodoxy
were now in open opposition to him. When he entered a synagogue now, it would notwere now in open opposition to him. When he entered a synagogue now, it would notwere now in open opposition to him. When he entered a synagogue now, it would notwere now in open opposition to him. When he entered a synagogue now, it would not
be to find only an eager crowd of listeners; it would be also to find a bleakbe to find only an eager crowd of listeners; it would be also to find a bleakbe to find only an eager crowd of listeners; it would be also to find a bleakbe to find only an eager crowd of listeners; it would be also to find a bleak----eyedeyedeyedeyed
company of Scribes and Pharisees and elders weighing and sifting every word to findcompany of Scribes and Pharisees and elders weighing and sifting every word to findcompany of Scribes and Pharisees and elders weighing and sifting every word to findcompany of Scribes and Pharisees and elders weighing and sifting every word to find
a charge against him, and watching every action to turn it into an accusation.a charge against him, and watching every action to turn it into an accusation.a charge against him, and watching every action to turn it into an accusation.a charge against him, and watching every action to turn it into an accusation.
It is one of the supreme tragedies that Jesus was banished from the Church of hisIt is one of the supreme tragedies that Jesus was banished from the Church of hisIt is one of the supreme tragedies that Jesus was banished from the Church of hisIt is one of the supreme tragedies that Jesus was banished from the Church of his
day; but that could not stop him from bringing his invitation to men; for when theday; but that could not stop him from bringing his invitation to men; for when theday; but that could not stop him from bringing his invitation to men; for when theday; but that could not stop him from bringing his invitation to men; for when the
doors of the synagogue were closed against him, he took to the temple of the opendoors of the synagogue were closed against him, he took to the temple of the opendoors of the synagogue were closed against him, he took to the temple of the opendoors of the synagogue were closed against him, he took to the temple of the open
air, and taught men in the village streets, and on the roads, and by the lakeair, and taught men in the village streets, and on the roads, and by the lakeair, and taught men in the village streets, and on the roads, and by the lakeair, and taught men in the village streets, and on the roads, and by the lake----side,side,side,side,
and in their own homes. The man who has a real message to deliver, and a real desireand in their own homes. The man who has a real message to deliver, and a real desireand in their own homes. The man who has a real message to deliver, and a real desireand in their own homes. The man who has a real message to deliver, and a real desire
to deliver it, will always find a way of giving it to men.to deliver it, will always find a way of giving it to men.to deliver it, will always find a way of giving it to men.to deliver it, will always find a way of giving it to men.
(ii) The great interest of this chapter is that here we see Jesus beginning to use to(ii) The great interest of this chapter is that here we see Jesus beginning to use to(ii) The great interest of this chapter is that here we see Jesus beginning to use to(ii) The great interest of this chapter is that here we see Jesus beginning to use to
the full his characteristic method of teaching in parables. Even before this he hadthe full his characteristic method of teaching in parables. Even before this he hadthe full his characteristic method of teaching in parables. Even before this he hadthe full his characteristic method of teaching in parables. Even before this he had
used a way of teaching which had the germ of the parable in it. The simile of the saltused a way of teaching which had the germ of the parable in it. The simile of the saltused a way of teaching which had the germ of the parable in it. The simile of the saltused a way of teaching which had the germ of the parable in it. The simile of the salt
and the light (Matt.and the light (Matt.and the light (Matt.and the light (Matt. 5555::::13131313----16161616), the picture of the birds and the lilies (Matt.), the picture of the birds and the lilies (Matt.), the picture of the birds and the lilies (Matt.), the picture of the birds and the lilies (Matt. 6666::::26262626----30303030),),),),
the story of the wise and the foolish builder (Matt.the story of the wise and the foolish builder (Matt.the story of the wise and the foolish builder (Matt.the story of the wise and the foolish builder (Matt. 7777::::24242424----27272727), the illustration of the), the illustration of the), the illustration of the), the illustration of the
garments and the winegarments and the winegarments and the winegarments and the wine----skins (Matt.skins (Matt.skins (Matt.skins (Matt. 9999::::16161616----17171717), the picture of the children playing in), the picture of the children playing in), the picture of the children playing in), the picture of the children playing in
the marketthe marketthe marketthe market----place (Matt.place (Matt.place (Matt.place (Matt. 11111111::::16161616----17171717) are all embryo parables. They are truth in) are all embryo parables. They are truth in) are all embryo parables. They are truth in) are all embryo parables. They are truth in
pictures.pictures.pictures.pictures.
But it is in this chapter that we find Jesus' way of using parables fully developed andBut it is in this chapter that we find Jesus' way of using parables fully developed andBut it is in this chapter that we find Jesus' way of using parables fully developed andBut it is in this chapter that we find Jesus' way of using parables fully developed and
at its most vivid. As someone has said, "Whatever else is true of Jesus, it is certainlyat its most vivid. As someone has said, "Whatever else is true of Jesus, it is certainlyat its most vivid. As someone has said, "Whatever else is true of Jesus, it is certainlyat its most vivid. As someone has said, "Whatever else is true of Jesus, it is certainly

true that he was one of the world's supreme masters of the short story." Before wetrue that he was one of the world's supreme masters of the short story." Before wetrue that he was one of the world's supreme masters of the short story." Before wetrue that he was one of the world's supreme masters of the short story." Before we
begin to study these parables in detail, let us ask why Jesus used this method andbegin to study these parables in detail, let us ask why Jesus used this method andbegin to study these parables in detail, let us ask why Jesus used this method andbegin to study these parables in detail, let us ask why Jesus used this method and
what are the great teaching advantages which it offers.what are the great teaching advantages which it offers.what are the great teaching advantages which it offers.what are the great teaching advantages which it offers.
(a) The parable always makes truth concrete. There are very few people who can(a) The parable always makes truth concrete. There are very few people who can(a) The parable always makes truth concrete. There are very few people who can(a) The parable always makes truth concrete. There are very few people who can
grasp and understand abstract ideas; most people think in pictures. We could forgrasp and understand abstract ideas; most people think in pictures. We could forgrasp and understand abstract ideas; most people think in pictures. We could forgrasp and understand abstract ideas; most people think in pictures. We could for
long enough try to put into words what beauty is, and at the end of it no one wouldlong enough try to put into words what beauty is, and at the end of it no one wouldlong enough try to put into words what beauty is, and at the end of it no one wouldlong enough try to put into words what beauty is, and at the end of it no one would
be very much the wiser; but if we can point at someone and say, "That is a beautifulbe very much the wiser; but if we can point at someone and say, "That is a beautifulbe very much the wiser; but if we can point at someone and say, "That is a beautifulbe very much the wiser; but if we can point at someone and say, "That is a beautiful
person," no more description is needed. We might try for long enough to defineperson," no more description is needed. We might try for long enough to defineperson," no more description is needed. We might try for long enough to defineperson," no more description is needed. We might try for long enough to define
goodness and in the end leave no clear idea of goodness in people's minds; butgoodness and in the end leave no clear idea of goodness in people's minds; butgoodness and in the end leave no clear idea of goodness in people's minds; butgoodness and in the end leave no clear idea of goodness in people's minds; but
everyone recognizes a good person and good deed when he sees them. In order to beeveryone recognizes a good person and good deed when he sees them. In order to beeveryone recognizes a good person and good deed when he sees them. In order to beeveryone recognizes a good person and good deed when he sees them. In order to be
understood, every great word must become flesh, every great idea must take formunderstood, every great word must become flesh, every great idea must take formunderstood, every great word must become flesh, every great idea must take formunderstood, every great word must become flesh, every great idea must take form
and shape in a person; and the first great quality of a parable is that it makes truthand shape in a person; and the first great quality of a parable is that it makes truthand shape in a person; and the first great quality of a parable is that it makes truthand shape in a person; and the first great quality of a parable is that it makes truth
into a picture which all men can see and understand.into a picture which all men can see and understand.into a picture which all men can see and understand.into a picture which all men can see and understand.
(b) It has been said that all great teaching begins from the here and now in order to(b) It has been said that all great teaching begins from the here and now in order to(b) It has been said that all great teaching begins from the here and now in order to(b) It has been said that all great teaching begins from the here and now in order to
get to the there and then. If a man wishes to teach people about things which theyget to the there and then. If a man wishes to teach people about things which theyget to the there and then. If a man wishes to teach people about things which theyget to the there and then. If a man wishes to teach people about things which they
do not understand, he must begin from things which they do understand. The parabledo not understand, he must begin from things which they do understand. The parabledo not understand, he must begin from things which they do understand. The parabledo not understand, he must begin from things which they do understand. The parable
begins with material which every man understands because it is within his ownbegins with material which every man understands because it is within his ownbegins with material which every man understands because it is within his ownbegins with material which every man understands because it is within his own
experience, and from that it leads him on to things which he does not understand,experience, and from that it leads him on to things which he does not understand,experience, and from that it leads him on to things which he does not understand,experience, and from that it leads him on to things which he does not understand,
and opens his eyes to things which he has faded to see. The parable opens a man'sand opens his eyes to things which he has faded to see. The parable opens a man'sand opens his eyes to things which he has faded to see. The parable opens a man'sand opens his eyes to things which he has faded to see. The parable opens a man's
mind and eyes by beginning from where he is and leading him on to where he oughtmind and eyes by beginning from where he is and leading him on to where he oughtmind and eyes by beginning from where he is and leading him on to where he oughtmind and eyes by beginning from where he is and leading him on to where he ought
to be.to be.to be.to be.
(e) The great teaching virtue of the parable is that it compels interest. The surest(e) The great teaching virtue of the parable is that it compels interest. The surest(e) The great teaching virtue of the parable is that it compels interest. The surest(e) The great teaching virtue of the parable is that it compels interest. The surest
way to interest people is to tell them stories. The parable puts truth in the form of away to interest people is to tell them stories. The parable puts truth in the form of away to interest people is to tell them stories. The parable puts truth in the form of away to interest people is to tell them stories. The parable puts truth in the form of a
story; the simplest definition of a parable is in fact that it is "an earthly story with astory; the simplest definition of a parable is in fact that it is "an earthly story with astory; the simplest definition of a parable is in fact that it is "an earthly story with astory; the simplest definition of a parable is in fact that it is "an earthly story with a
heavenly meaning." People will not listen, and their attention cannot be retained,heavenly meaning." People will not listen, and their attention cannot be retained,heavenly meaning." People will not listen, and their attention cannot be retained,heavenly meaning." People will not listen, and their attention cannot be retained,
unless they are interested; with simple people it is stories which awaken and maintainunless they are interested; with simple people it is stories which awaken and maintainunless they are interested; with simple people it is stories which awaken and maintainunless they are interested; with simple people it is stories which awaken and maintain
interest, and the parable is a story.interest, and the parable is a story.interest, and the parable is a story.interest, and the parable is a story.
(d) The parable has the great virtue that it enables and compels a man to discover(d) The parable has the great virtue that it enables and compels a man to discover(d) The parable has the great virtue that it enables and compels a man to discover(d) The parable has the great virtue that it enables and compels a man to discover
truth for himself It does not do a man's thinking for him; it says, "Here is a story.truth for himself It does not do a man's thinking for him; it says, "Here is a story.truth for himself It does not do a man's thinking for him; it says, "Here is a story.truth for himself It does not do a man's thinking for him; it says, "Here is a story.
What is the truth in it? What does it mean for you? Think it out for yourself"What is the truth in it? What does it mean for you? Think it out for yourself"What is the truth in it? What does it mean for you? Think it out for yourself"What is the truth in it? What does it mean for you? Think it out for yourself"
There are some things which a man cannot be told; he must discover them forThere are some things which a man cannot be told; he must discover them forThere are some things which a man cannot be told; he must discover them forThere are some things which a man cannot be told; he must discover them for
himself. Walter Pater once said that you cannot tell a man the truth; you can onlyhimself. Walter Pater once said that you cannot tell a man the truth; you can onlyhimself. Walter Pater once said that you cannot tell a man the truth; you can onlyhimself. Walter Pater once said that you cannot tell a man the truth; you can only
put him into a position in which he can discover it for himself. Unless we discoverput him into a position in which he can discover it for himself. Unless we discoverput him into a position in which he can discover it for himself. Unless we discoverput him into a position in which he can discover it for himself. Unless we discover
truth for ourselves, it remains a secondtruth for ourselves, it remains a secondtruth for ourselves, it remains a secondtruth for ourselves, it remains a second----hand and external thing; and further, unlesshand and external thing; and further, unlesshand and external thing; and further, unlesshand and external thing; and further, unless
we discover truth for ourselves, we will almost certainly forget it quickly. Thewe discover truth for ourselves, we will almost certainly forget it quickly. Thewe discover truth for ourselves, we will almost certainly forget it quickly. Thewe discover truth for ourselves, we will almost certainly forget it quickly. The
parable, by compelling a man to draw his own conclusions and to do his own thinking,parable, by compelling a man to draw his own conclusions and to do his own thinking,parable, by compelling a man to draw his own conclusions and to do his own thinking,parable, by compelling a man to draw his own conclusions and to do his own thinking,
at one and the same time makes truth real to him and fixes it in his memory.at one and the same time makes truth real to him and fixes it in his memory.at one and the same time makes truth real to him and fixes it in his memory.at one and the same time makes truth real to him and fixes it in his memory.
(e) The other side of that is that the parable conceals truth from those who are(e) The other side of that is that the parable conceals truth from those who are(e) The other side of that is that the parable conceals truth from those who are(e) The other side of that is that the parable conceals truth from those who are
either too lazy to think or too blinded by prejudice to see. It puts the responsibilityeither too lazy to think or too blinded by prejudice to see. It puts the responsibilityeither too lazy to think or too blinded by prejudice to see. It puts the responsibilityeither too lazy to think or too blinded by prejudice to see. It puts the responsibility

fairly and squarely on the individual. It reveals truth to him who desires truth; itfairly and squarely on the individual. It reveals truth to him who desires truth; itfairly and squarely on the individual. It reveals truth to him who desires truth; itfairly and squarely on the individual. It reveals truth to him who desires truth; it
conceals truth from him who does not wish to see the truth.conceals truth from him who does not wish to see the truth.conceals truth from him who does not wish to see the truth.conceals truth from him who does not wish to see the truth.
((((1111) One final thing must be remembered. The parable, as Jesus used it, was spoken;) One final thing must be remembered. The parable, as Jesus used it, was spoken;) One final thing must be remembered. The parable, as Jesus used it, was spoken;) One final thing must be remembered. The parable, as Jesus used it, was spoken;
it was not read. Its impact had to be immediate, not the result of long study withit was not read. Its impact had to be immediate, not the result of long study withit was not read. Its impact had to be immediate, not the result of long study withit was not read. Its impact had to be immediate, not the result of long study with
commentaries and dictionaries. It made truth flash upon a man as the lightningcommentaries and dictionaries. It made truth flash upon a man as the lightningcommentaries and dictionaries. It made truth flash upon a man as the lightningcommentaries and dictionaries. It made truth flash upon a man as the lightning
suddenly illuminates a pitchsuddenly illuminates a pitchsuddenly illuminates a pitchsuddenly illuminates a pitch----dark night. In our study of the parables that means twodark night. In our study of the parables that means twodark night. In our study of the parables that means twodark night. In our study of the parables that means two
things for us.things for us.things for us.things for us.
First, it means that we must amass every possible detail about the background of lifeFirst, it means that we must amass every possible detail about the background of lifeFirst, it means that we must amass every possible detail about the background of lifeFirst, it means that we must amass every possible detail about the background of life
in Palestine, so that the parable will strike us as it did those who heard it for the firstin Palestine, so that the parable will strike us as it did those who heard it for the firstin Palestine, so that the parable will strike us as it did those who heard it for the firstin Palestine, so that the parable will strike us as it did those who heard it for the first
time. We must think and study and imagine ourselves back into the minds of thosetime. We must think and study and imagine ourselves back into the minds of thosetime. We must think and study and imagine ourselves back into the minds of thosetime. We must think and study and imagine ourselves back into the minds of those
who were listening to Jesus.who were listening to Jesus.who were listening to Jesus.who were listening to Jesus.
Second, it means that generally speaking a parable will have only one point. ASecond, it means that generally speaking a parable will have only one point. ASecond, it means that generally speaking a parable will have only one point. ASecond, it means that generally speaking a parable will have only one point. A
parable is not an allegory; an allegory is a story in which every possible detail has anparable is not an allegory; an allegory is a story in which every possible detail has anparable is not an allegory; an allegory is a story in which every possible detail has anparable is not an allegory; an allegory is a story in which every possible detail has an
inner meaning; but an allegory has to be read and studied; a parable is heard. Weinner meaning; but an allegory has to be read and studied; a parable is heard. Weinner meaning; but an allegory has to be read and studied; a parable is heard. Weinner meaning; but an allegory has to be read and studied; a parable is heard. We
must be very careful not to make allegories of the parables and to remember thatmust be very careful not to make allegories of the parables and to remember thatmust be very careful not to make allegories of the parables and to remember thatmust be very careful not to make allegories of the parables and to remember that
they were designed to make one stabbing truth flash out at a man the moment hethey were designed to make one stabbing truth flash out at a man the moment hethey were designed to make one stabbing truth flash out at a man the moment hethey were designed to make one stabbing truth flash out at a man the moment he
heard it.媒heard it.媒heard it.媒heard it.媒
7777. Dr. von Reich Gottes, "The Parables of the Kingdom are, as it were, a picture. Dr. von Reich Gottes, "The Parables of the Kingdom are, as it were, a picture. Dr. von Reich Gottes, "The Parables of the Kingdom are, as it were, a picture. Dr. von Reich Gottes, "The Parables of the Kingdom are, as it were, a picture
gallery, and we walk up and down it, examining each picture by itselt. We must notgallery, and we walk up and down it, examining each picture by itselt. We must notgallery, and we walk up and down it, examining each picture by itselt. We must notgallery, and we walk up and down it, examining each picture by itselt. We must not
forget, however, that these are heavenly pictures that hang around us,forget, however, that these are heavenly pictures that hang around us,forget, however, that these are heavenly pictures that hang around us,forget, however, that these are heavenly pictures that hang around us, ・・・・that heathat heathat heathat hea----
venly things are here exposed to view. A heavenly interpreter walks by our side : wevenly things are here exposed to view. A heavenly interpreter walks by our side : wevenly things are here exposed to view. A heavenly interpreter walks by our side : wevenly things are here exposed to view. A heavenly interpreter walks by our side : we
must have a heavenly sense if we would grasp the meaning of what we hear and see. Ifmust have a heavenly sense if we would grasp the meaning of what we hear and see. Ifmust have a heavenly sense if we would grasp the meaning of what we hear and see. Ifmust have a heavenly sense if we would grasp the meaning of what we hear and see. If
our study quicken this sense within us, so that it shall grow clearer and sharperour study quicken this sense within us, so that it shall grow clearer and sharperour study quicken this sense within us, so that it shall grow clearer and sharperour study quicken this sense within us, so that it shall grow clearer and sharper
before every picture, a rich treat awaits us, for the heavenly Gallery is great.before every picture, a rich treat awaits us, for the heavenly Gallery is great.before every picture, a rich treat awaits us, for the heavenly Gallery is great.before every picture, a rich treat awaits us, for the heavenly Gallery is great.・・・・
8. William Arnot, “Some expositors of the parables, especially in more ancient times,
remind one of the Great Eastern in the Atlantic when her rudder was disabled.
There is plenty of impelling force, but this force, for want of a director,
only makes the ship go round and round in a, weltering sea. From the pages of those
commentators, whose imaginations have broken loose, you may cull fancies as mani-
fold, as beautiful, and as useless as the gyrations of a helmless ship in a stormy sea.”
Arnot points out a pattern in these parables. “The first six readily fall into three
successive well-defined pairs, and the seventh stands clearly designated by its
subject as an appropriate conclusion. The first pair exhibit the Relations of the
kingdom to the several classes of intelligent creatures with which, as adversaries
or subjects, it comes into contact: the second six exhibit the Progress of the kingdom
from small beginnings to a glorious issue: the third pair exhibit the Preciousness
of the kingdom, in comparison with all other objects of desire: and the remaining
one teaches that the good and evil which intermingle on earth will be completely and

finally separated in the great day.”
9. Richard T. Ritenbaugh is convinced there are 8 parables in this chapter, and he
divides it up like this:
First Pair: The Sower (verse 3) represents the relationship of the church to the
different groups of people with which it comes into contact while doing its work.
The Tares (verse 24) represents the relationship of the church to the wicked one and
his agents.
Second Pair: The Mustard Seed (verse 31) represents the dynamic growth of the
church from small beginnings even while adversaries confront it. The Leaven (verse
33) represents the progress of the church against and despite the contagious
outspread of sin.
Third Pair: The Treasure (verse 44) represents the preciousness of Christians to
Christ, who can see their hidden value and sacrifices all to possess them. The Pearl
(verse 45) represents the preciousness of the church to Christ, who sacrifices
everything to acquire it.
Fourth Pair: The Dragnet (verse 47) teaches that the good and evil who intermingle
on earth will be completely separated in the judgment. The Householder (verse 52)
represents the work of the true minister and teacher who feeds the household of
faith from a rich storehouse of essential spiritual treasures.
The Parable of the Sower
1That same day Jesus went out of the house and
sat by the lake.
1. Jesus had already had a busy day, and had done a lot of teaching, but he was
always ready to teach when people were willing to listen. So that same day, when he
could have gone to a quiet isolated place to rest, he sat by the lake where many
people were around, and when they saw him, they gathered near him. The
implication is that they gave him the impression that they wanted him to teach them.
Jesus never missed a chance to teach, and here he taught them what is possibly the
greatest of all his parables. You will see comments to that effect as you study what
others have said about this first of his parables that he named and explained. One of
the reasons it is so great is that it deals with every human being that has ever heard
the Gospel, and it describes how they have responded to it.

1111B. Peter Ditzel explains why this is the key parable of all. “MarkB. Peter Ditzel explains why this is the key parable of all. “MarkB. Peter Ditzel explains why this is the key parable of all. “MarkB. Peter Ditzel explains why this is the key parable of all. “Mark 4444::::13131313 recordsrecordsrecordsrecords
something that Jesus said after giving this parable: "And he said unto them, Know yesomething that Jesus said after giving this parable: "And he said unto them, Know yesomething that Jesus said after giving this parable: "And he said unto them, Know yesomething that Jesus said after giving this parable: "And he said unto them, Know ye
not this parable? and how then will ye know all parables?" The first "know" in thisnot this parable? and how then will ye know all parables?" The first "know" in thisnot this parable? and how then will ye know all parables?" The first "know" in thisnot this parable? and how then will ye know all parables?" The first "know" in this
verse is from a Greek word that would be better translated here as "perceive." Also,verse is from a Greek word that would be better translated here as "perceive." Also,verse is from a Greek word that would be better translated here as "perceive." Also,verse is from a Greek word that would be better translated here as "perceive." Also,
the word for "parables" is preceded by a definite article in the Greek. So, essentially,the word for "parables" is preceded by a definite article in the Greek. So, essentially,the word for "parables" is preceded by a definite article in the Greek. So, essentially,the word for "parables" is preceded by a definite article in the Greek. So, essentially,
Jesus is saying, "Did you not perceive this parable? And how will you know all theJesus is saying, "Did you not perceive this parable? And how will you know all theJesus is saying, "Did you not perceive this parable? And how will you know all theJesus is saying, "Did you not perceive this parable? And how will you know all the
parables?" In other words, Jesus sees that the disciples did not immediately perceiveparables?" In other words, Jesus sees that the disciples did not immediately perceiveparables?" In other words, Jesus sees that the disciples did not immediately perceiveparables?" In other words, Jesus sees that the disciples did not immediately perceive
the meaning of the Parable of the Sower. So, He sees that they will need furtherthe meaning of the Parable of the Sower. So, He sees that they will need furtherthe meaning of the Parable of the Sower. So, He sees that they will need furtherthe meaning of the Parable of the Sower. So, He sees that they will need further
instruction if they are going to understand the rest of the parables. His instructioninstruction if they are going to understand the rest of the parables. His instructioninstruction if they are going to understand the rest of the parables. His instructioninstruction if they are going to understand the rest of the parables. His instruction
consists in a detailed explanation of the Parable of the Sower. Thus, we see thatconsists in a detailed explanation of the Parable of the Sower. Thus, we see thatconsists in a detailed explanation of the Parable of the Sower. Thus, we see thatconsists in a detailed explanation of the Parable of the Sower. Thus, we see that
understanding the Parable of the Sower is a key to understanding the rest of theunderstanding the Parable of the Sower is a key to understanding the rest of theunderstanding the Parable of the Sower is a key to understanding the rest of theunderstanding the Parable of the Sower is a key to understanding the rest of the
parables.”parables.”parables.”parables.”
1111C. Mark L. Bailey, “The word "parable" does not occur in Matthew until chapterC. Mark L. Bailey, “The word "parable" does not occur in Matthew until chapterC. Mark L. Bailey, “The word "parable" does not occur in Matthew until chapterC. Mark L. Bailey, “The word "parable" does not occur in Matthew until chapter
13131313. Kingsbury sees this as significant in that before chapter. Kingsbury sees this as significant in that before chapter. Kingsbury sees this as significant in that before chapter. Kingsbury sees this as significant in that before chapter 13131313 Jesus spoke to theJesus spoke to theJesus spoke to theJesus spoke to the
Jews openly. (The word "parable" occurs twelve times in chapterJews openly. (The word "parable" occurs twelve times in chapterJews openly. (The word "parable" occurs twelve times in chapterJews openly. (The word "parable" occurs twelve times in chapter 13131313 and only fiveand only fiveand only fiveand only five
times thereafter.) The parables in Matthewtimes thereafter.) The parables in Matthewtimes thereafter.) The parables in Matthewtimes thereafter.) The parables in Matthew 13131313 were given in some measure as anwere given in some measure as anwere given in some measure as anwere given in some measure as an
apology against the Jews for their rejection of Christ.apology against the Jews for their rejection of Christ.apology against the Jews for their rejection of Christ.apology against the Jews for their rejection of Christ.1111 This chapter is a greatThis chapter is a greatThis chapter is a greatThis chapter is a great
turning point in Matthew's presentation. Jesus was preaching and teaching theturning point in Matthew's presentation. Jesus was preaching and teaching theturning point in Matthew's presentation. Jesus was preaching and teaching theturning point in Matthew's presentation. Jesus was preaching and teaching the
kingdom to the Jews (kingdom to the Jews (kingdom to the Jews (kingdom to the Jews (4444::::17171717,,,, 23232323;;;; 9999::::35353535;;;; 11111111::::1111), but they rejected Him. In reaction to this), but they rejected Him. In reaction to this), but they rejected Him. In reaction to this), but they rejected Him. In reaction to this
rejection Jesus presented the parables to show them they were no longer therejection Jesus presented the parables to show them they were no longer therejection Jesus presented the parables to show them they were no longer therejection Jesus presented the parables to show them they were no longer the
privileged people to whom God would impart His revelation, but instead they were inprivileged people to whom God would impart His revelation, but instead they were inprivileged people to whom God would impart His revelation, but instead they were inprivileged people to whom God would impart His revelation, but instead they were in
danger of being judged by the Son of Man for having spurned their Messiah.danger of being judged by the Son of Man for having spurned their Messiah.danger of being judged by the Son of Man for having spurned their Messiah.danger of being judged by the Son of Man for having spurned their Messiah.2222 AsAsAsAs
Maier observes, "The parables portray a breach between Jesus and Israel widening toMaier observes, "The parables portray a breach between Jesus and Israel widening toMaier observes, "The parables portray a breach between Jesus and Israel widening toMaier observes, "The parables portray a breach between Jesus and Israel widening to
a breaking point. The very fact that Jesus now withdraws into a parabolic form ofa breaking point. The very fact that Jesus now withdraws into a parabolic form ofa breaking point. The very fact that Jesus now withdraws into a parabolic form ofa breaking point. The very fact that Jesus now withdraws into a parabolic form of
teaching is a sign of judgment upon Israel." “While Jesus spoke a few parabolicteaching is a sign of judgment upon Israel." “While Jesus spoke a few parabolicteaching is a sign of judgment upon Israel." “While Jesus spoke a few parabolicteaching is a sign of judgment upon Israel." “While Jesus spoke a few parabolic
sayings and metaphors before this chapter (e.g.,sayings and metaphors before this chapter (e.g.,sayings and metaphors before this chapter (e.g.,sayings and metaphors before this chapter (e.g., 7777::::24242424----27272727), no full), no full), no full), no full----length parable orlength parable orlength parable orlength parable or
example story was recorded by Matthew before chapterexample story was recorded by Matthew before chapterexample story was recorded by Matthew before chapterexample story was recorded by Matthew before chapter 13131313....
Ridderbos believes the unbelief of the crowds must have been a bitter
disappointment to the disciples.22 The combination of the questions by His own
family (Mark 3:21), the desertion by some of His own followers (John 6:66), and the
reactions and rejections by the Jewish religious leaders (Matt. 9:34; 12:22–27) may
have been troublesome to those who had committed themselves to Him. Since all
three Synoptic Gospels record Jesus' exhortation to hear, He explained why more
people were not hearing, understanding, and responding to "the word of the
kingdom." Hence one purpose of this parable of the sower and the soil is to explain
why the word of the kingdom, as preached by John the Baptist, Jesus, and His
disciples, had not been better received. Further, as will be seen from the concluding
exhortation, the parable was also intended to encourage the hearers to listen. to
Jesus' words.”

1D. Andrew Wommack, “Matthew very plainly stated that Jesus' parables recorded
here were spoken the same day Jesus' mother and brothers came seeking Him. Luke
also indicated that these two events happened on the same day (Lu 8:19). However,
Matthew and Mark recorded Jesus' family coming to Him first and then the
teaching by parables (Mt 12:46-13:3 and Mr 3:31-4:2), while Luke listed them in the
opposite order (Lu 8:4-21).
one of the Gospel writers stated that one event definitely happened before the
other. They were only as specific as saying that they happened on the same day. At
most, any differences could be just a couple of hours. Therefore, any differences in
recording such a busy day's events would simply be a matter of style and not of
accuracy. With this in mind, Jesus' family seeking Him has been recorded in the
sequence Luke listed, to be consistent with the view that Luke was the historian
among the Gospel writers and put the events in chronological order (see
Introduction to Luke).”
2. Barnes, “sea-side - was the Sea of Tiberias. The multitude stood on the shore near
to him, so that he could be easily heard. He went into a ship - that is, a boat; and sat
down to address them. Few spectacles could be more interesting than a vast crowd
on the hanks of a smooth and tranquil sea - an emblem of his instructions - and the
Son of God addressing them on the great interests of eternity.”
3. Clarke, “same day - Our Lord scarcely ever appears to take any rest: he is
incessant in his labors, and instant in season and out of season; and in this he has
left all his successors in the ministry an example, that they should follow his steps:
for he who wishes to save souls will find few opportunities to rest. As Satan is going
about as a roaring lion seeking whom he may devour, the messenger of God should
imitate his diligence, that he may counteract his work. The gospels are journals of
our Lord’s life. Went Jesus out of the house - This was the house of Peter. See Mat_
17:24. Sat by the sea side - The sea of Galilee, on the borders of which the city of
Capernaum was situated.
4. Gill, “same day Jesus went out of the house,.... Where he had been preaching, and
working miracles: where this house was, is not certain; it seems to have been in one
of the cities of Galilee, probably Capernaum, since that was by the sea coast: the
reason of his going out of the house was, either to converse with his mother and
brethren, as they desired; or to withdraw himself from company, and take some
refreshment by the sea side; or because it would not hold the people, and therefore
he quitted it for a more convenient place. The time he went out of it, was the same
day he had cast the devil out of the man blind and dumb, and had delivered himself
so freely concerning the Scribes and Pharisees, who had blasphemously ascribed
that miracle to the assistance of Satan; and the same day his mother and brethren
came to see him, and speak to him. And sat by the sea side; either as weary, and for
his refreshment, or in order to preach to the people; for, Mark says, "he began
again to teach by the sea side", Mar_4:1. This was the sea of Galilee, sometimes

called the sea of Tiberias.
5. Henry, “WhenChrist preached this sermon; it was the same day that he preached
the sermon in the foregoing chapter: so unwearied was he in doing good, and
working the works of him that sent him. ote, Christ was for preaching both ends of
the day, and has by his example recommended that practice to his church; we must
in the morning sow our seed, and in the evening not withhold our hand,Ecc_11:6. An
afternoon sermon well heard, will be so far from driving out the morning sermon,
that it will rather clench it, and fasten the nail in a sure place. Though Christ had
been in the morning opposed and caviled at by his enemies, disturbed and
interrupted by his friends, yet he went on with his work; and in the latter part of the
day, we do not find that he met with such discouragements. Those who with courage
and zeal break through difficulties in God's service, will perhaps find them not so
apt to recur as they fear. Resist them, and they will flee.”
2Such large crowds gathered around him that he
got into a boat and sat in it, while all the people
stood on the shore.
1. Jesus got into a boat, and likely there was always a boat there for Jesus to use, for
his disciples had boats, and one would always be handy when a crowd gathered by
the lake. Jesus had to get some distance between the crowd and himself for them to
see him and hear him. The boat was the pulpit of Jesus. He sat in the boat, for it
would be risky to stand in it as the waves would lap at the sides and make it very
unstable. It was common for Jesus to teach sitting down.
1111B. John MacArthur, “Because of the pressing crowd, Jesus got one of the littleB. John MacArthur, “Because of the pressing crowd, Jesus got one of the littleB. John MacArthur, “Because of the pressing crowd, Jesus got one of the littleB. John MacArthur, “Because of the pressing crowd, Jesus got one of the little
fishing boats beached upon the sand, and probably with the help of the Twelve (orfishing boats beached upon the sand, and probably with the help of the Twelve (orfishing boats beached upon the sand, and probably with the help of the Twelve (orfishing boats beached upon the sand, and probably with the help of the Twelve (or
some of the Twelve), He pushed the boat out into the water. Then He got into thesome of the Twelve), He pushed the boat out into the water. Then He got into thesome of the Twelve), He pushed the boat out into the water. Then He got into thesome of the Twelve), He pushed the boat out into the water. Then He got into the
boat. The men helping Him probably stopped when they stood waist deep in theboat. The men helping Him probably stopped when they stood waist deep in theboat. The men helping Him probably stopped when they stood waist deep in theboat. The men helping Him probably stopped when they stood waist deep in the
water, holding onto the boat to keep it from spinning around or being carried alongwater, holding onto the boat to keep it from spinning around or being carried alongwater, holding onto the boat to keep it from spinning around or being carried alongwater, holding onto the boat to keep it from spinning around or being carried along
by the tide. Then He sat in the boat. I once read a book that connected that actionby the tide. Then He sat in the boat. I once read a book that connected that actionby the tide. Then He sat in the boat. I once read a book that connected that actionby the tide. Then He sat in the boat. I once read a book that connected that action
with the fact that rabbis always sat when they taught, but I think the reason He satwith the fact that rabbis always sat when they taught, but I think the reason He satwith the fact that rabbis always sat when they taught, but I think the reason He satwith the fact that rabbis always sat when they taught, but I think the reason He sat
was because if He hadn't, He would've fallen in the water. It is a lot easier to sit in awas because if He hadn't, He would've fallen in the water. It is a lot easier to sit in awas because if He hadn't, He would've fallen in the water. It is a lot easier to sit in awas because if He hadn't, He would've fallen in the water. It is a lot easier to sit in a
boat than stand in it while it is bouncing back and forth in the tide”boat than stand in it while it is bouncing back and forth in the tide”boat than stand in it while it is bouncing back and forth in the tide”boat than stand in it while it is bouncing back and forth in the tide”
2222. Spurgeon, “Great multitudes longed to hear his teaching, and see his miracles.. Spurgeon, “Great multitudes longed to hear his teaching, and see his miracles.. Spurgeon, “Great multitudes longed to hear his teaching, and see his miracles.. Spurgeon, “Great multitudes longed to hear his teaching, and see his miracles.
These pressed upon him so eagerly that there was danger of his being pushed intoThese pressed upon him so eagerly that there was danger of his being pushed intoThese pressed upon him so eagerly that there was danger of his being pushed intoThese pressed upon him so eagerly that there was danger of his being pushed into

the sea ; and the more so because it was not a scattered crowd, but they werethe sea ; and the more so because it was not a scattered crowd, but they werethe sea ; and the more so because it was not a scattered crowd, but they werethe sea ; and the more so because it was not a scattered crowd, but they were
gathered together unto him ― pressing about his person. The ship became hisgathered together unto him ― pressing about his person. The ship became hisgathered together unto him ― pressing about his person. The ship became hisgathered together unto him ― pressing about his person. The ship became his
pulpit, and the little space between it and the shore gave him breathingpulpit, and the little space between it and the shore gave him breathingpulpit, and the little space between it and the shore gave him breathingpulpit, and the little space between it and the shore gave him breathing----space, andspace, andspace, andspace, and
enabled the more to hear him. The shelving beach and the blue sky would make aenabled the more to hear him. The shelving beach and the blue sky would make aenabled the more to hear him. The shelving beach and the blue sky would make aenabled the more to hear him. The shelving beach and the blue sky would make a
grand auditorium, with room tor "the whole multitude"; a finely comprehensive exgrand auditorium, with room tor "the whole multitude"; a finely comprehensive exgrand auditorium, with room tor "the whole multitude"; a finely comprehensive exgrand auditorium, with room tor "the whole multitude"; a finely comprehensive ex----
pression. The teacher sat, and the people stood: we should have less sleeping inpression. The teacher sat, and the people stood: we should have less sleeping inpression. The teacher sat, and the people stood: we should have less sleeping inpression. The teacher sat, and the people stood: we should have less sleeping in
congregations if this arrangement still prevailed.媒congregations if this arrangement still prevailed.媒congregations if this arrangement still prevailed.媒congregations if this arrangement still prevailed.媒
3333. Jamison, “great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he went into. Jamison, “great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he went into. Jamison, “great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he went into. Jamison, “great multitudes were gathered together unto him, so that he went into
a ship, sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore― How graphic this picture!a ship, sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore― How graphic this picture!a ship, sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore― How graphic this picture!a ship, sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore― How graphic this picture!
---- no doubt from the pen of an eyeno doubt from the pen of an eyeno doubt from the pen of an eyeno doubt from the pen of an eye----witness, himself impressed with the scene. It waswitness, himself impressed with the scene. It waswitness, himself impressed with the scene. It waswitness, himself impressed with the scene. It was
“the same day” on which the foregoing solemn discourse was delivered, when His“the same day” on which the foregoing solemn discourse was delivered, when His“the same day” on which the foregoing solemn discourse was delivered, when His“the same day” on which the foregoing solemn discourse was delivered, when His
kindred thought Him “beside Himself” for His indifference to food and reposekindred thought Him “beside Himself” for His indifference to food and reposekindred thought Him “beside Himself” for His indifference to food and reposekindred thought Him “beside Himself” for His indifference to food and repose ---- thatthatthatthat
same day retiring to the seashore of Galilee; and there seating Himself, perhaps forsame day retiring to the seashore of Galilee; and there seating Himself, perhaps forsame day retiring to the seashore of Galilee; and there seating Himself, perhaps forsame day retiring to the seashore of Galilee; and there seating Himself, perhaps for
coolness and rest, the crowds again flock around Him, and He is fain to push off fromcoolness and rest, the crowds again flock around Him, and He is fain to push off fromcoolness and rest, the crowds again flock around Him, and He is fain to push off fromcoolness and rest, the crowds again flock around Him, and He is fain to push off from
them, in the boat usually kept in readiness for Him; yet only to begin, withoutthem, in the boat usually kept in readiness for Him; yet only to begin, withoutthem, in the boat usually kept in readiness for Him; yet only to begin, withoutthem, in the boat usually kept in readiness for Him; yet only to begin, without
waiting to rest, a new course of teaching by parables to the eager multitudes thatwaiting to rest, a new course of teaching by parables to the eager multitudes thatwaiting to rest, a new course of teaching by parables to the eager multitudes thatwaiting to rest, a new course of teaching by parables to the eager multitudes that
lined the shore. To the parables of our Lord there is nothing in all language to belined the shore. To the parables of our Lord there is nothing in all language to belined the shore. To the parables of our Lord there is nothing in all language to belined the shore. To the parables of our Lord there is nothing in all language to be
compared, for simplicity, grace, fullness, and variety of spiritual teaching. They arecompared, for simplicity, grace, fullness, and variety of spiritual teaching. They arecompared, for simplicity, grace, fullness, and variety of spiritual teaching. They arecompared, for simplicity, grace, fullness, and variety of spiritual teaching. They are
adapted to all classes and stages of advancement, being understood by eachadapted to all classes and stages of advancement, being understood by eachadapted to all classes and stages of advancement, being understood by eachadapted to all classes and stages of advancement, being understood by each
according to the measure of his spiritual capacity.”according to the measure of his spiritual capacity.”according to the measure of his spiritual capacity.”according to the measure of his spiritual capacity.”
4444. Clarke, “a ship. Clarke, “a ship. Clarke, “a ship. Clarke, “a ship ---- Το πλοιον, The vessel or boat. Mr. WakefieldΤο πλοιον, The vessel or boat. Mr. WakefieldΤο πλοιον, The vessel or boat. Mr. WakefieldΤο πλοιον, The vessel or boat. Mr. Wakefield
supposes (which is very likely) that a particular vessel is uniformly specified, whichsupposes (which is very likely) that a particular vessel is uniformly specified, whichsupposes (which is very likely) that a particular vessel is uniformly specified, whichsupposes (which is very likely) that a particular vessel is uniformly specified, which
seems to have been kept on the lake for the use of Christ and his apostles: itseems to have been kept on the lake for the use of Christ and his apostles: itseems to have been kept on the lake for the use of Christ and his apostles: itseems to have been kept on the lake for the use of Christ and his apostles: it
probably belonged to some of the fishermen, (seeprobably belonged to some of the fishermen, (seeprobably belonged to some of the fishermen, (seeprobably belonged to some of the fishermen, (see Mat_Mat_Mat_Mat_4444::::22222222), who, he thinks,), who, he thinks,), who, he thinks,), who, he thinks,
occasionally, at least, followed their former occupation. Seeoccasionally, at least, followed their former occupation. Seeoccasionally, at least, followed their former occupation. Seeoccasionally, at least, followed their former occupation. See Joh_Joh_Joh_Joh_21212121::::3333. The thought of. The thought of. The thought of. The thought of
pious Quesnel on this verse should not be neglected. We see here a representationpious Quesnel on this verse should not be neglected. We see here a representationpious Quesnel on this verse should not be neglected. We see here a representationpious Quesnel on this verse should not be neglected. We see here a representation
of the Church, which consists of the people united to their pastors. These, beingof the Church, which consists of the people united to their pastors. These, beingof the Church, which consists of the people united to their pastors. These, beingof the Church, which consists of the people united to their pastors. These, being
more exposed to violent tossing and storms, are, as it were, in a ship, while thosemore exposed to violent tossing and storms, are, as it were, in a ship, while thosemore exposed to violent tossing and storms, are, as it were, in a ship, while thosemore exposed to violent tossing and storms, are, as it were, in a ship, while those
continue at ease on the shore.”continue at ease on the shore.”continue at ease on the shore.”continue at ease on the shore.”
5555. Gill, “And great multitudes were gathered unto him,.... Some on one account, and. Gill, “And great multitudes were gathered unto him,.... Some on one account, and. Gill, “And great multitudes were gathered unto him,.... Some on one account, and. Gill, “And great multitudes were gathered unto him,.... Some on one account, and
some on another; some to see his person, others his miracles; some healing for theirsome on another; some to see his person, others his miracles; some healing for theirsome on another; some to see his person, others his miracles; some healing for theirsome on another; some to see his person, others his miracles; some healing for their
bodies, and others for their souls; some for the loaves, and others to hear himbodies, and others for their souls; some for the loaves, and others to hear himbodies, and others for their souls; some for the loaves, and others to hear himbodies, and others for their souls; some for the loaves, and others to hear him
preach; and of these there were several sorts, as the following parable shows. So thatpreach; and of these there were several sorts, as the following parable shows. So thatpreach; and of these there were several sorts, as the following parable shows. So thatpreach; and of these there were several sorts, as the following parable shows. So that
he went into a ship: both for his own advantage, that he might not be crowded, andhe went into a ship: both for his own advantage, that he might not be crowded, andhe went into a ship: both for his own advantage, that he might not be crowded, andhe went into a ship: both for his own advantage, that he might not be crowded, and
pressed by the people, and have more room, and a freer air to speak in, and forpressed by the people, and have more room, and a freer air to speak in, and forpressed by the people, and have more room, and a freer air to speak in, and forpressed by the people, and have more room, and a freer air to speak in, and for
theirs, that they might both see and hear him better.theirs, that they might both see and hear him better.theirs, that they might both see and hear him better.theirs, that they might both see and hear him better.

And sat, and the whole multitude stood on the shore; as was the then custom of theAnd sat, and the whole multitude stood on the shore; as was the then custom of theAnd sat, and the whole multitude stood on the shore; as was the then custom of theAnd sat, and the whole multitude stood on the shore; as was the then custom of the
Jewish doctors and hearers, the one to sit, and the other to stand. See Gill onJewish doctors and hearers, the one to sit, and the other to stand. See Gill onJewish doctors and hearers, the one to sit, and the other to stand. See Gill onJewish doctors and hearers, the one to sit, and the other to stand. See Gill on Mat_Mat_Mat_Mat_
5555::::1111. Christ sat upon the deck of the ship; or perhaps this ship was no other than an. Christ sat upon the deck of the ship; or perhaps this ship was no other than an. Christ sat upon the deck of the ship; or perhaps this ship was no other than an. Christ sat upon the deck of the ship; or perhaps this ship was no other than an
open boat, which was put to sea, some little distance from the shore; upon which theopen boat, which was put to sea, some little distance from the shore; upon which theopen boat, which was put to sea, some little distance from the shore; upon which theopen boat, which was put to sea, some little distance from the shore; upon which the
people stood in great numbers, with much convenience and attention.”people stood in great numbers, with much convenience and attention.”people stood in great numbers, with much convenience and attention.”people stood in great numbers, with much convenience and attention.”
6666. Henry, “meeting. Henry, “meeting. Henry, “meeting. Henry, “meeting----place was the seaplace was the seaplace was the seaplace was the sea----side. He went out of the house (because thereside. He went out of the house (because thereside. He went out of the house (because thereside. He went out of the house (because there
was no room for the auditory) into the open air. It was pity but such a Preacherwas no room for the auditory) into the open air. It was pity but such a Preacherwas no room for the auditory) into the open air. It was pity but such a Preacherwas no room for the auditory) into the open air. It was pity but such a Preacher
should have had the most spacious, sumptuous, and convenient place to preach in,should have had the most spacious, sumptuous, and convenient place to preach in,should have had the most spacious, sumptuous, and convenient place to preach in,should have had the most spacious, sumptuous, and convenient place to preach in,
that could be devised, like one of the Roman theatres; but he was now in his state ofthat could be devised, like one of the Roman theatres; but he was now in his state ofthat could be devised, like one of the Roman theatres; but he was now in his state ofthat could be devised, like one of the Roman theatres; but he was now in his state of
humiliation, and in this, as in other things, he denied himself the honors due to him;humiliation, and in this, as in other things, he denied himself the honors due to him;humiliation, and in this, as in other things, he denied himself the honors due to him;humiliation, and in this, as in other things, he denied himself the honors due to him;
as he had not a house of his own to live in, so he had not a chapel of his own toas he had not a house of his own to live in, so he had not a chapel of his own toas he had not a house of his own to live in, so he had not a chapel of his own toas he had not a house of his own to live in, so he had not a chapel of his own to
preach in. By this he teaches us in the external circumstances of worship not topreach in. By this he teaches us in the external circumstances of worship not topreach in. By this he teaches us in the external circumstances of worship not topreach in. By this he teaches us in the external circumstances of worship not to
covet that which is stately, but to make the best of the conveniences which God incovet that which is stately, but to make the best of the conveniences which God incovet that which is stately, but to make the best of the conveniences which God incovet that which is stately, but to make the best of the conveniences which God in
his providence allots to us. When Christ was born, he was crowded into the stable,his providence allots to us. When Christ was born, he was crowded into the stable,his providence allots to us. When Christ was born, he was crowded into the stable,his providence allots to us. When Christ was born, he was crowded into the stable,
and now to the seaand now to the seaand now to the seaand now to the sea----side, upon the strand, where all persons might come to him withside, upon the strand, where all persons might come to him withside, upon the strand, where all persons might come to him withside, upon the strand, where all persons might come to him with
freedom. He that was truth itself sought no corners (nofreedom. He that was truth itself sought no corners (nofreedom. He that was truth itself sought no corners (nofreedom. He that was truth itself sought no corners (no adytaadytaadytaadyta), as the pagan), as the pagan), as the pagan), as the pagan
mysteries did.mysteries did.mysteries did.mysteries did. Wisdom crieth without,Wisdom crieth without,Wisdom crieth without,Wisdom crieth without,Pro_Pro_Pro_Pro_1111::::20202020;;;; Joh_Joh_Joh_Joh_13131313::::20202020. His pulpit was a ship; not. His pulpit was a ship; not. His pulpit was a ship; not. His pulpit was a ship; not
like Ezra's pulpit, that waslike Ezra's pulpit, that waslike Ezra's pulpit, that waslike Ezra's pulpit, that was made for the purposemade for the purposemade for the purposemade for the purpose((((Neh_Neh_Neh_Neh_8888::::4444); but converted to this use); but converted to this use); but converted to this use); but converted to this use
for want of a better. No place amiss for such a Preacher, whose presence dignifiedfor want of a better. No place amiss for such a Preacher, whose presence dignifiedfor want of a better. No place amiss for such a Preacher, whose presence dignifiedfor want of a better. No place amiss for such a Preacher, whose presence dignified
and consecrated any place: let not those who preach Christ be ashamed, though theyand consecrated any place: let not those who preach Christ be ashamed, though theyand consecrated any place: let not those who preach Christ be ashamed, though theyand consecrated any place: let not those who preach Christ be ashamed, though they
have mean and inconvenient places to preach in. Some observe, that the peoplehave mean and inconvenient places to preach in. Some observe, that the peoplehave mean and inconvenient places to preach in. Some observe, that the peoplehave mean and inconvenient places to preach in. Some observe, that the people
stood upon dry ground and firm ground, while the Preacher was upon the water instood upon dry ground and firm ground, while the Preacher was upon the water instood upon dry ground and firm ground, while the Preacher was upon the water instood upon dry ground and firm ground, while the Preacher was upon the water in
more hazard. Ministers are most exposed to trouble. Here was a true rostrum, a shipmore hazard. Ministers are most exposed to trouble. Here was a true rostrum, a shipmore hazard. Ministers are most exposed to trouble. Here was a true rostrum, a shipmore hazard. Ministers are most exposed to trouble. Here was a true rostrum, a ship
pulpit.”pulpit.”pulpit.”pulpit.”
3Then he told them many things in parables,
saying: "A farmer went out to sow his seed.
1111. It was a custom for Jewish scholars to use parables in their teaching, and so Jesus. It was a custom for Jewish scholars to use parables in their teaching, and so Jesus. It was a custom for Jewish scholars to use parables in their teaching, and so Jesus. It was a custom for Jewish scholars to use parables in their teaching, and so Jesus
was using the form of speech that people were accustomed to. He conformed to thewas using the form of speech that people were accustomed to. He conformed to thewas using the form of speech that people were accustomed to. He conformed to thewas using the form of speech that people were accustomed to. He conformed to the
method of communication that was popular in his day. John Lightfoot in hismethod of communication that was popular in his day. John Lightfoot in hismethod of communication that was popular in his day. John Lightfoot in hismethod of communication that was popular in his day. John Lightfoot in his
commentary wrote, “The Jewish books abound everywhere with these figures, thecommentary wrote, “The Jewish books abound everywhere with these figures, thecommentary wrote, “The Jewish books abound everywhere with these figures, thecommentary wrote, “The Jewish books abound everywhere with these figures, the
nation inclining by a kind of natural genius to this kind of rhetoric. One might notnation inclining by a kind of natural genius to this kind of rhetoric. One might notnation inclining by a kind of natural genius to this kind of rhetoric. One might notnation inclining by a kind of natural genius to this kind of rhetoric. One might not
amiss call their religion Parabolical…”amiss call their religion Parabolical…”amiss call their religion Parabolical…”amiss call their religion Parabolical…”

Matthew 13 Commentary Exploring Parables of the Kingdom

Matthew 13 Commentary Exploring Parables of the Kingdom

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Matthew 13 Commentary Exploring Parables of the Kingdom