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HELICOBACTER
G E N T A J U S U F I
HYRJE
• Helicobacter – bakterie gram negative , formë spirale
• Fillimisht anëtarë të gjinisë Campylobacter
• Në 1989 Goodëin  Gjini të re : Helicobacter
• 35 specie
Helicobacter
Helicobacteraceae
Campylobacterales
Epsilonproteobacteri
a
Proteobacteria
Bacteria
SPECIET
H. acinonychis
H. anseris
H. aurati
H.baculiformis
H. pylori
H. rappini
H. rodentium
H. salomonis
H. suis
H. trogontum
H. typhlonius
H. brantae
H. canadensis
H. canis
H. cetorum
H. cholecystus
H. cinaedi
H. cynogastricus
H. equorum
H. bilis
H. bizzozeronii
H. felis
H. fennelliae
H. ganmani
H. heilmannii
H. hepaticus
H. mesocricetorum
H. macacae
H. marmotae
H. mastomyrinus
H. mesocricetorum
H. muridarum
H. mustelae
H. pametensis
H. pullorum
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
PREZENTIM
ME HELICOBATER PYLORI
Izolimi i parë  1982 nga Marshall dhe ëarren
Prezenca e tyre e ndërlidhur me inflamacionin e mukozës së stomakut (gastritit kronik ,
adenokarcinomë gastrike , ulceren gastrike )
EPIDEMIOLOGJIA
Mbi 60% e subjekteve me moshë mbi 60 vjec të
infektuar .
TRANSMISIONI
KARAKTERISTIKAT
MIKROBIOLOGJIKE
MORFOLOGJIA
• Spirale me funde të rrumbullakëta
• Mikroaerofilik
• Gram – negativ
• 0.5-1.0 um x 2.5- 5.0 um
• 4-6 flagjele unipolare (30 um x 2.5 nm )
RESPIRIMI DHE METABOLIZMI
• Menz dhe Hazell sqaruan rrugët metabolike
• Aktivitet të glukozë kinazës
• Nuk përdorin karbohidratet (për fermentim ose në mënyrë oksidative )
• Katabolizmin e D-Glukozës
• Shfaq aktivitet gjatë ciklit të uresë (nxjerrja e azotit të tepërt nga qeliza bakteriale)
• Metabolizmi i aminoacideve nga rrugët fermentative
• Aktivitet të acetil koenzimë A karboksilazës
• Përmbajnë granula polifosfatike
KARAKTERISTIKAT KULTURELE DHE
BIOKIMIKE
Rritet në medium të lëngshëm ose të ngurtë
Gjak , serum , qymyr druri , miell misri , emulsion i të verdhës së vezës
Rritet më së miri në kushte mikroaerobike
Inkubacioni në një atmosferë të (5-20%) CO2 në 30 deri në 37 ° C
Oksidazë +
Katalazë +
Ureazë +++
MEKANIZMI I PATOGJENEZËS
Ureaza. neutralizon aciditetin e lukthit dhe një stimul i fuqishëm per aktivizimin e qelizave
fagocituese dhe prodhimin
Interleukina-8 (IL-8) aktivizon
neutrofilet  Aderimi i
neutrofileve
PAV- agjent
ulcerogjenik stimulon
sekrecionet acidike te
stomakut nëpërmjet
receptorëve specifik
parietal lëndime
mukozale direkt ose
indirekt nëpërmjet
rritjes se sekretimit te
acidit.
Fosfolipa
za A2
dhe C-
prishin
shtresen
mbrojtës
e te
fosfolipi
deve në
membra
nën
apikale
te
qelizave
Lipopolisaharidet- ndërveprimin midis Mucines dhe
receptoreve te saj mukozal
Mucinaza -
përçarjen e
barrierës
mukozale
te
stomakut.
Citotoksina
vakuolizuese
-vakuola
acidike në
citoplazmën
e qelizave
eukariotike
Gjeni qe e
kodon : Cag
Apoptoza
Katalaza dhe
superoksid
dismutaza –( e
mbrojne nga
fagocitimi ,
shkaterrojne
leukocitet
polimorfonukleare)
DIAGNOSTIFIKIMI
Biopsia e
mukozës
së lukthit
Prova e
ureazës
Diagnoza
indirekte
serologjike
(igG)
Testi i
uresë
TRAJTIMI (NDJESHMËRIA NDAJ
KIMIOPREPARATEVE)
Amoxicilin
Metronidalzol
Tetraciklinës,
Tinidazoli ,
Kripërat e bismuthit
Klaritromicin
Helicobacter Pylori

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Helicobacter Pylori

  • 1. HELICOBACTER G E N T A J U S U F I
  • 2. HYRJE • Helicobacter – bakterie gram negative , formë spirale • Fillimisht anëtarë të gjinisë Campylobacter • Në 1989 Goodëin  Gjini të re : Helicobacter • 35 specie
  • 4. SPECIET H. acinonychis H. anseris H. aurati H.baculiformis H. pylori H. rappini H. rodentium H. salomonis H. suis H. trogontum H. typhlonius H. brantae H. canadensis H. canis H. cetorum H. cholecystus H. cinaedi H. cynogastricus H. equorum H. bilis H. bizzozeronii H. felis H. fennelliae H. ganmani H. heilmannii H. hepaticus H. mesocricetorum H. macacae H. marmotae H. mastomyrinus H. mesocricetorum H. muridarum H. mustelae H. pametensis H. pullorum
  • 5.
  • 7. PREZENTIM ME HELICOBATER PYLORI Izolimi i parë  1982 nga Marshall dhe ëarren Prezenca e tyre e ndërlidhur me inflamacionin e mukozës së stomakut (gastritit kronik , adenokarcinomë gastrike , ulceren gastrike )
  • 8. EPIDEMIOLOGJIA Mbi 60% e subjekteve me moshë mbi 60 vjec të infektuar .
  • 11. MORFOLOGJIA • Spirale me funde të rrumbullakëta • Mikroaerofilik • Gram – negativ • 0.5-1.0 um x 2.5- 5.0 um • 4-6 flagjele unipolare (30 um x 2.5 nm )
  • 12. RESPIRIMI DHE METABOLIZMI • Menz dhe Hazell sqaruan rrugët metabolike • Aktivitet të glukozë kinazës • Nuk përdorin karbohidratet (për fermentim ose në mënyrë oksidative ) • Katabolizmin e D-Glukozës • Shfaq aktivitet gjatë ciklit të uresë (nxjerrja e azotit të tepërt nga qeliza bakteriale) • Metabolizmi i aminoacideve nga rrugët fermentative • Aktivitet të acetil koenzimë A karboksilazës • Përmbajnë granula polifosfatike
  • 13. KARAKTERISTIKAT KULTURELE DHE BIOKIMIKE Rritet në medium të lëngshëm ose të ngurtë Gjak , serum , qymyr druri , miell misri , emulsion i të verdhës së vezës Rritet më së miri në kushte mikroaerobike Inkubacioni në një atmosferë të (5-20%) CO2 në 30 deri në 37 ° C Oksidazë + Katalazë + Ureazë +++
  • 14. MEKANIZMI I PATOGJENEZËS Ureaza. neutralizon aciditetin e lukthit dhe një stimul i fuqishëm per aktivizimin e qelizave fagocituese dhe prodhimin Interleukina-8 (IL-8) aktivizon neutrofilet  Aderimi i neutrofileve PAV- agjent ulcerogjenik stimulon sekrecionet acidike te stomakut nëpërmjet receptorëve specifik parietal lëndime mukozale direkt ose indirekt nëpërmjet rritjes se sekretimit te acidit. Fosfolipa za A2 dhe C- prishin shtresen mbrojtës e te fosfolipi deve në membra nën apikale te qelizave Lipopolisaharidet- ndërveprimin midis Mucines dhe receptoreve te saj mukozal Mucinaza - përçarjen e barrierës mukozale te stomakut. Citotoksina vakuolizuese -vakuola acidike në citoplazmën e qelizave eukariotike Gjeni qe e kodon : Cag Apoptoza Katalaza dhe superoksid dismutaza –( e mbrojne nga fagocitimi , shkaterrojne leukocitet polimorfonukleare)
  • 15.
  • 16. DIAGNOSTIFIKIMI Biopsia e mukozës së lukthit Prova e ureazës Diagnoza indirekte serologjike (igG) Testi i uresë