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Organic chemistry in biology and drug development
1. Prepared By,
Ms. Wagh Gayatri M.
(Depart. Pharmaceutical
Chemistry)
S.N.D. College of Pharmacy ,
Babulgaon, Tal. Yeola
2. Introduction
Amino acids
Biological macromolecules
Functions of Biological macromolecules
Drug Discovery and Development process
3. Amino acids are molecules used to build proteins.
All amino acids have a central carbon atom surrounded by a hydrogen
atom, a carboxyl group (COOH), an amino group (NH2), and an R-
group.
It is the R-group or side chain that differs between the 20 amino acids.
Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins
The human body uses amino acids to make proteins
4.
5. Capillary electrophoresis technique used for the separation of amino acids.
Amino acids can be resolved using both capillary zone electrophoresis and
micellar electro kinetic chromatography.
A simple system for simultaneous fluorescence detection of primary and
secondary amines has been developed.
The two major direct methods of protein sequencing are:
1)Mass spectrometry
2) Edman degradation
6. • In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides,
compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also
known as peptide bonds.
• Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the
carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.
7. Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n,
where n is the number of carbons in the molecule.
Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes:
1. Monosaccharide
2. Disaccharide
3. Polysaccharide.
11. • The main function of carbohydrates is to provide energy
• Carbohydrates provides energy and regulation of blood glucose.
• It will prevent the degradation of skeletal muscle and other tissues such as
the heart, liver, and kidneys.
• It prevent the breakdown of proteins for energy.
• Carbohydrates also help with fat metabolism. If the body has enough energy
for its immediate needs, it stores extra energy as fat.
• Carbohydrates are an important component of many industries like textile,
paper, lacquers and breweries.
12. Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development presents the multifaceted
process of identifying a new drug in the modern era, providing comprehensive
explanations of enabling technologies such as
1)High throughput screening
2) Structure based drug design
3) Molecular modeling
4)Pharmaceutical profiling.
13. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active
ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous
discovery, as with penicillin.
More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules,
natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or
whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable
therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology
14. • Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits,
medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the
affinity, selectivity
• To reduce the potential of side effects, efficacy/potency, metabolic
stability and to increase the half-life, and also oral bioavailability.
• Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been
identified,
• The process of drug development can continue, and, if successful,
clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily,
involve computer-aided drug design.