Why is it necessary to create integration and consistency in communi.docx
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Why is it necessary to create integration and consistency in communicating with current and potential customers? Do you feel that there is some overlap in each of the tactical IMC variables? Support your opinion with scholarly sources and incorporate concepts and examples from this week’s lecture. .
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will choose ONE of the following essay questions to answer1.docx
will choose
ONE
of the following essay questions to answer:
1) Discuss the claim that Psychology is a science, using a specific psychological research study from the field of Psychology to support your argument.
2) Referring to a specific research study, discuss why it is important for researchers to consider research ethics.3) Using the example of a psychological research study, discuss a theoretical model or approach that underpins the field of psychology
.
Will China Continue to Be a Growth MarketplaceChina is expected.docx
Will China Continue to Be a Growth Marketplace?
China is expected to have some 200 million people in the middle-and upper-income categories by the early 2020s. This is a tenfold increase in people with significant purchasing power in China in the last decade, from only about 17 million people in these income brackets as recently as in 2010. China’s purchasing power for virtually all products and services has strong potential, and foreign companies now strategically try to take advantage of these market opportunities.
What have we learned culturally that can help companies establish themselves in China’s marketplace? What went wrong early on? The experience of well-known companies such as Best Buy and eBay can serve as a learning experience for others. From a retail perspective, the motivation for many foreign companies to enter China some years ago – beyond those companies that have been in China for decades to achieve low-cost production-was the triple growth of the Chinse economy that was seen from 2000 to 2010.
With this growth, China overlook Japan to become the second-largest economy in the world behind only the United States, and its large population makes for an enormous target market. Investment from foreign companies was the largest driver of China’s growth. Many companies also increased their exports to China. The United States, for example, saw its companies increase exports to China by 542 percent from 2000 to 2011 (from about $16.2 billion to $103.9 billion), while total exports to the rest of the world by U.S. companies increased by only 80 percent in the same time period. Exporting to China has become somewhat stagnant in the last few years, now representing about $113 billion.
Interestingly, domestic consumption as a share of the Chinese economy has declined from 46 percent to 33 percent. This consumption decline-coupled with slower growth globally-has raised questions about China’s momentum. Tight now, around 85 percent of mainstream Chinese consumers are living in the top 100 wealthiest cities. By the early 2020s, these advanced and developing cities will have relatively few customers who are lower than the middle-and upper-income brackets by Chinese standards. The expectation is that these consumers will be able to afford a range of developed nations’ products and services, such as flat-screen televisions and overseas travel, making the Chinese customer much more of a target for a wide variety of consumption.
But can the unprecedented Chinese growth really continue, and would it come from increased consumption? The resounding answer is yes, according to McKinsey & Company. McKinsey found that barring another major economic shock similar to what we saw in 2008, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) will continue to grow, albeit not at the historic levels seen between 2000 and 2010, when it grew about 10.4 percent annually. The growth in the 2020s is expected to be about 5.5 percent per year (until 2030), which is still far a.
Wikis for Learning and CollaborationA wiki is a collaborativ.docx
Wikis for Learning and Collaboration
A wiki is a collaborative web site that collects and organizes content, created and revised by its users. The most well-known example is Wikipedia. Wikis are a way to grow a knowledge base around a particular content area, be it best practices in a particular field or how to use a specific piece of hardware/software. A hallmark of Web 2.0 is that it improves as more people use it and this approach underlies wiki-based learning. It is based on the idea that within any enterprise, a great deal of knowledge exists among the members. Sharing this knowledge and information can raise the organization’s intelligence level, be it a university, an association, a corporation or club.
How simply awareness can help with security countermeasures?
Conduct your own research and post a short relevant summary of your findings. ( Post current information, not older than five years ). Use not more than three (3) references.
You must provide AT LEAST 2 substantive comments on other student's views.
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Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31,.docx
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31, 2012.
Common Stock, $5 par value $536,340
Treasury Stock $99,730
Retained Earnings $2,363,710
Paid-in Capital in excess par $1,325,180
Prepare Wilco's December 31,2012, stockholders' equity section
? $
? $
Total paid-in capital $
? $
Less: ? $
Total Stockholders' Equity $
.
Wikipedia and other Websites do notqualify as academic resources.docx
Wikipedia and other Websites
do not
qualify as academic resources. Only
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websites can be used along with ebooks, library, etc.
Below are a few good websites:
www.IRS.gov
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/165
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Tax-Deductions-and-Credits/About-Casualty-Deduction-for-Federal-Income-Tax/INF14772.html
http://www.aicpa.org/InterestAreas/Tax/Resources/Individual/ToolsandAids/DownloadableDocuments/Casualty_Guide__June2012.pdf
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2012/03/05/taxes-from-a-to-z-c-is-for-capital-losses/
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WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organization that publishes.docx
WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organization that publishes secret information, news leaks, and classified media from anonymous sources. All of this is done through cyberspace and breaches of cyber security. WikiLeaks’ website, initiated in 2006 in Iceland by the organization Sunshine Press, claims a database of 10 million documents in 10 years since its launch. The group has released a number of significant documents that have become front-page news items. During the 2016 US presidential election campaign, Wikileaks released e-mails and other documents from the Democratic National Committee and from Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, John Podesta. These releases are believed to have caused significant damage to the Clinton campaign. The U.S. intelligence community expressed "high confidence" that the leaked e-mails had been hacked by Russia and supplied to Wikileaks, while Wikileaks denied their source was Russia or any other state. During the campaign, Wikileaks and Assange regularly promoted and popularized conspiracy theories and falsehoods about Clinton and the Democratic Party. Wikileaks has drawn criticism for its absence of whistleblowing on or criticism of Russia, and for criticizing the Panama Papers' exposé of Russian businesses and individuals with offshore bank accounts. Wikileaks has also been criticized for inadequately curating its content and violating the personal privacy of individuals. Wikileaks has, for instance, revealed Social Security numbers, medical information, credit card numbers, and other sensitive personal information. Should officers of WikiLeaks, including Assange be prosecuted? Has WikiLeaks damaged the United States or has it performed a service by revealing information that the United States citizens had a right to know. Remember, nothing that WikiLeaks has ever published has been proven to be false.
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Wikipedia has agreed for many years that there are different views a.docx
This document discusses different views on the history of manga. Some trace it back to the postwar years in the 1950s, while others see continuity in manga as a sequential art form dating back much earlier, possibly to the late 19th century or early 20th century. It asks the reader to consider their stance on how far back the history of manga goes after reviewing several sources, and discusses factors like sequential art, style, and Japanese origins that are important in defining manga's history. It also questions why there is disagreement about the timeline of manga's history.
WikiLeaks is a nonprofit organization which uses its website to publ.docx
WikiLeaks is a nonprofit organization which uses its website to publish governmental, private data, corporate or religious documents that had previously been secret. The website was started in 2006, and had over 1.2 million documents in its database by the time one year had passed. Usually, it does not give out the names and addresses of people who post documents. The site is based in Sweden. Though its name is similar to Wikipedia, it is not related to Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation. The name was chosen because WikiLeaks used a wiki model at first, where people could edit the site, but it has since changed and is no longer open for editing. In July 2010, WikiLeaks was in the news for publishing over 76,900 documents related to the War in Afghanistan. In October that same year, WikiLeaks posted almost 400,000 documents that were about the War in Iraq. This was the largest ever leak of documents about the US Army. It reported mainly on deaths of civilians, soldiers, and sightings of homemade bombs or armed civilians. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks Julian Paul Assange (born 3 July 1971) is an Australian computer programmer, publisher and journalist. He is editor-in-chief of the organization WikiLeaks, which he founded in 2006. He has won numerous accolades for journalism, including the Sam Adams Award and Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism. Assange founded WikiLeaks in 2006 but came to global prominence in 2010 when WikiLeaks published a series of leaks, provided by Chelsea Manning. These leaks included the Collateral Murder video (April 2010), the Afghanistan war logs (July 2010), the Iraq war logs (October 2010), and CableGate (November 2010). Following the 2010 leaks, the United States government launched a criminal investigation into WikiLeaks and asked allied nations for assistance. In November 2010, a request was made for Assange's extradition to Sweden, where he had been questioned months earlier over allegations of sexual assault and rape. Assange continued to deny the allegations, and expressed concern that he would be extradited from Sweden to the United States due to his perceived role in publishing secret American documents. Assange surrendered himself to UK police on 7 December 2010 and was held for ten days in solitary confinement before being released on bail. Assange sought and was granted asylum by Ecuador in August 2012. Assange has since remained in the Embassy of Ecuador in London, and is unable to leave without being arrested for breaching his bail conditions. In 2016, WikiLeaks published the DNC leaks and the Podesta emails during the United States presidential election, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange There are many who have credited WikiLeaks and its founder Assange for exposing the United States, and many in its government for many illegal and secret acts on the part of the United States. Others have claimed that Assange and WikiLeaks is a spy and traitor and has seriously damage.
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will choose ONE of the following essay questions to answer1.docx
will choose
ONE
of the following essay questions to answer:
1) Discuss the claim that Psychology is a science, using a specific psychological research study from the field of Psychology to support your argument.
2) Referring to a specific research study, discuss why it is important for researchers to consider research ethics.3) Using the example of a psychological research study, discuss a theoretical model or approach that underpins the field of psychology
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Will China Continue to Be a Growth MarketplaceChina is expected.docx
Will China Continue to Be a Growth Marketplace?
China is expected to have some 200 million people in the middle-and upper-income categories by the early 2020s. This is a tenfold increase in people with significant purchasing power in China in the last decade, from only about 17 million people in these income brackets as recently as in 2010. China’s purchasing power for virtually all products and services has strong potential, and foreign companies now strategically try to take advantage of these market opportunities.
What have we learned culturally that can help companies establish themselves in China’s marketplace? What went wrong early on? The experience of well-known companies such as Best Buy and eBay can serve as a learning experience for others. From a retail perspective, the motivation for many foreign companies to enter China some years ago – beyond those companies that have been in China for decades to achieve low-cost production-was the triple growth of the Chinse economy that was seen from 2000 to 2010.
With this growth, China overlook Japan to become the second-largest economy in the world behind only the United States, and its large population makes for an enormous target market. Investment from foreign companies was the largest driver of China’s growth. Many companies also increased their exports to China. The United States, for example, saw its companies increase exports to China by 542 percent from 2000 to 2011 (from about $16.2 billion to $103.9 billion), while total exports to the rest of the world by U.S. companies increased by only 80 percent in the same time period. Exporting to China has become somewhat stagnant in the last few years, now representing about $113 billion.
Interestingly, domestic consumption as a share of the Chinese economy has declined from 46 percent to 33 percent. This consumption decline-coupled with slower growth globally-has raised questions about China’s momentum. Tight now, around 85 percent of mainstream Chinese consumers are living in the top 100 wealthiest cities. By the early 2020s, these advanced and developing cities will have relatively few customers who are lower than the middle-and upper-income brackets by Chinese standards. The expectation is that these consumers will be able to afford a range of developed nations’ products and services, such as flat-screen televisions and overseas travel, making the Chinese customer much more of a target for a wide variety of consumption.
But can the unprecedented Chinese growth really continue, and would it come from increased consumption? The resounding answer is yes, according to McKinsey & Company. McKinsey found that barring another major economic shock similar to what we saw in 2008, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) will continue to grow, albeit not at the historic levels seen between 2000 and 2010, when it grew about 10.4 percent annually. The growth in the 2020s is expected to be about 5.5 percent per year (until 2030), which is still far a.
Wikis for Learning and CollaborationA wiki is a collaborativ.docx
Wikis for Learning and Collaboration
A wiki is a collaborative web site that collects and organizes content, created and revised by its users. The most well-known example is Wikipedia. Wikis are a way to grow a knowledge base around a particular content area, be it best practices in a particular field or how to use a specific piece of hardware/software. A hallmark of Web 2.0 is that it improves as more people use it and this approach underlies wiki-based learning. It is based on the idea that within any enterprise, a great deal of knowledge exists among the members. Sharing this knowledge and information can raise the organization’s intelligence level, be it a university, an association, a corporation or club.
How simply awareness can help with security countermeasures?
Conduct your own research and post a short relevant summary of your findings. ( Post current information, not older than five years ). Use not more than three (3) references.
You must provide AT LEAST 2 substantive comments on other student's views.
.
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31,.docx
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31, 2012.
Common Stock, $5 par value $536,340
Treasury Stock $99,730
Retained Earnings $2,363,710
Paid-in Capital in excess par $1,325,180
Prepare Wilco's December 31,2012, stockholders' equity section
? $
? $
Total paid-in capital $
? $
Less: ? $
Total Stockholders' Equity $
.
Wikipedia and other Websites do notqualify as academic resources.docx
Wikipedia and other Websites
do not
qualify as academic resources. Only
professiona
l
websites can be used along with ebooks, library, etc.
Below are a few good websites:
www.IRS.gov
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/165
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/tax-tips/Tax-Deductions-and-Credits/About-Casualty-Deduction-for-Federal-Income-Tax/INF14772.html
http://www.aicpa.org/InterestAreas/Tax/Resources/Individual/ToolsandAids/DownloadableDocuments/Casualty_Guide__June2012.pdf
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kellyphillipserb/2012/03/05/taxes-from-a-to-z-c-is-for-capital-losses/
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WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organization that publishes.docx
WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organization that publishes secret information, news leaks, and classified media from anonymous sources. All of this is done through cyberspace and breaches of cyber security. WikiLeaks’ website, initiated in 2006 in Iceland by the organization Sunshine Press, claims a database of 10 million documents in 10 years since its launch. The group has released a number of significant documents that have become front-page news items. During the 2016 US presidential election campaign, Wikileaks released e-mails and other documents from the Democratic National Committee and from Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, John Podesta. These releases are believed to have caused significant damage to the Clinton campaign. The U.S. intelligence community expressed "high confidence" that the leaked e-mails had been hacked by Russia and supplied to Wikileaks, while Wikileaks denied their source was Russia or any other state. During the campaign, Wikileaks and Assange regularly promoted and popularized conspiracy theories and falsehoods about Clinton and the Democratic Party. Wikileaks has drawn criticism for its absence of whistleblowing on or criticism of Russia, and for criticizing the Panama Papers' exposé of Russian businesses and individuals with offshore bank accounts. Wikileaks has also been criticized for inadequately curating its content and violating the personal privacy of individuals. Wikileaks has, for instance, revealed Social Security numbers, medical information, credit card numbers, and other sensitive personal information. Should officers of WikiLeaks, including Assange be prosecuted? Has WikiLeaks damaged the United States or has it performed a service by revealing information that the United States citizens had a right to know. Remember, nothing that WikiLeaks has ever published has been proven to be false.
.
Wikipedia has agreed for many years that there are different views a.docx
This document discusses different views on the history of manga. Some trace it back to the postwar years in the 1950s, while others see continuity in manga as a sequential art form dating back much earlier, possibly to the late 19th century or early 20th century. It asks the reader to consider their stance on how far back the history of manga goes after reviewing several sources, and discusses factors like sequential art, style, and Japanese origins that are important in defining manga's history. It also questions why there is disagreement about the timeline of manga's history.
WikiLeaks is a nonprofit organization which uses its website to publ.docx
WikiLeaks is a nonprofit organization which uses its website to publish governmental, private data, corporate or religious documents that had previously been secret. The website was started in 2006, and had over 1.2 million documents in its database by the time one year had passed. Usually, it does not give out the names and addresses of people who post documents. The site is based in Sweden. Though its name is similar to Wikipedia, it is not related to Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Foundation. The name was chosen because WikiLeaks used a wiki model at first, where people could edit the site, but it has since changed and is no longer open for editing. In July 2010, WikiLeaks was in the news for publishing over 76,900 documents related to the War in Afghanistan. In October that same year, WikiLeaks posted almost 400,000 documents that were about the War in Iraq. This was the largest ever leak of documents about the US Army. It reported mainly on deaths of civilians, soldiers, and sightings of homemade bombs or armed civilians. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks Julian Paul Assange (born 3 July 1971) is an Australian computer programmer, publisher and journalist. He is editor-in-chief of the organization WikiLeaks, which he founded in 2006. He has won numerous accolades for journalism, including the Sam Adams Award and Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism. Assange founded WikiLeaks in 2006 but came to global prominence in 2010 when WikiLeaks published a series of leaks, provided by Chelsea Manning. These leaks included the Collateral Murder video (April 2010), the Afghanistan war logs (July 2010), the Iraq war logs (October 2010), and CableGate (November 2010). Following the 2010 leaks, the United States government launched a criminal investigation into WikiLeaks and asked allied nations for assistance. In November 2010, a request was made for Assange's extradition to Sweden, where he had been questioned months earlier over allegations of sexual assault and rape. Assange continued to deny the allegations, and expressed concern that he would be extradited from Sweden to the United States due to his perceived role in publishing secret American documents. Assange surrendered himself to UK police on 7 December 2010 and was held for ten days in solitary confinement before being released on bail. Assange sought and was granted asylum by Ecuador in August 2012. Assange has since remained in the Embassy of Ecuador in London, and is unable to leave without being arrested for breaching his bail conditions. In 2016, WikiLeaks published the DNC leaks and the Podesta emails during the United States presidential election, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange There are many who have credited WikiLeaks and its founder Assange for exposing the United States, and many in its government for many illegal and secret acts on the part of the United States. Others have claimed that Assange and WikiLeaks is a spy and traitor and has seriously damage.
Wiki Page Chapter 10 AwarenessWikis for Learning and Collab.docx
Wiki Page Chapter 10 Awareness
Wikis for Learning and Collaboration
A wiki is a collaborative web site that collects and organizes content, created and revised by its users. The most well-known example is Wikipedia. Wikis are a way to grow a knowledge base around a particular content area, be it best practices in a particular field or how to use a specific piece of hardware/software. A hallmark of Web 2.0 is that it improves as more people use it and this approach underlies wiki-based learning. It is based on the idea that within any enterprise, a great deal of knowledge exists among the members. Sharing this knowledge and information can raise the organization’s intelligence level, be it a university, an association, a corporation or club.
How basic "situation awareness" can help tremendously with security countermeasures?
Conduct your own research and post a short relevant summary of your findings. ( Post current information, not older than five years ). Use not more than three (3) references.
.
Wiki InstructionsA wiki is a collaborative web site that collect.docx
Wiki Instructions
A wiki is a collaborative web site that collects and organizes content, created and revised by its users. The most well-known example is Wikipedia. Wikis are a way to grow a knowledge base around a particular content area, be it best practices in a particular field or how to use a specific piece of hardware/software. A hallmark of Web 2.0 is that it improves as more people use it and this approach underlies wiki-based learning. It is based on the idea that within any enterprise, a great deal of knowledge exists among the members. Sharing this knowledge and information can raise the organization’s intelligence level, be it a university, an association, a corporation or club.
How basic discretion steps can help in countermeasures?
Conduct your own research and post a short relevant summary of your findings. ( Post current information, not older than five years ). Use not more than three (3) references.
.
Widgets R US experience communication issues which prevented decisio.docx
Widgets R US experience communication issues which prevented decisions from being made. It is clear that Widgets R US is a functional organization because it indicated that lots of information gets kicked upstairs and no one seems to know what is happening. If you are running projects in a functional organization like Widgets R US what kind of struggles would you notice in comparison to running projects from an agile environment?
Best wishes,
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WHYPARTIESFORM 45 equilibrium the ordinary circumstance, t.docx
WHYPARTIESFORM 45
equilibrium the ordinary circumstance, there would be no incentive
to form a party based on the social choice problem. But even when an
equilibrium exists, the political party need not make its members
worse off than without the parry; they can always choose to take no
"partisan" actions. With PIEs generally considered impossible, there
is a strong incentive for parties to form, precisely because of the likeli-
1altves hood of disequilibrium. Riker's dismal conclusion turns out to provide
a strong case for the formation of political parties.
The new institutionalism (e.g., Shepsle 1979) emerged in response
to the ordinary absence of (pure) voting equilibria. Two points
discussed below and in later chapters are also relevant here. First,
':ss transactions many different institutional arrangements can be sufficient to yield
Wus making C (structure-induced) equilibria, such as committee systems, agenda
designs, and even separated powers. None of these are necessary—
l)ority coalition like parties, all yield possibility results. Second, partisan institutions
cs" of C. Sup- are one of those sets of sufficient institutions.
• id B find more
sa. As Axelrod
nal conflict of .i
•nnected, hay-
COLLECTIVE ACTION AND ELECTORAL
coalition must
MOBILIZATION
A-B-D, in- The Problem of Collective Action in Elections
2-C or B-C-D,
cong C's ideal The Federalist and Jeffersonian Republican parties began with the
government as a means of solving a social choice problem (see chap.
ihere is an equi- 3). Such parties-in-government may also become electoral parties.
ijine we should The most obvious motivation lies with the minority. The examples
ci preferences, above demonstrated incentives for some majority to form a party. If
Incentives to this happens, some or all of those excluded might form a parry in reac-
he disequilib- tion, seeking to become the legislative majority. Failing to reach major-
) has formed ity size, the minority would naturally turn to the public, seeking to
2.1 sometime elect more of its members. That is essentially what the Jeffersonians
agree on C's did when facing a Hamiltonian majority. Later parties, notably the
n on this pol- Jacksonian Democratic party, formed more directly for electoral pur-
e
would have poses (see chap. 4). The question for this section and the next, then,
t Won at least is what set of incentives candidates for elective office might have that
Presumably would lead them to form or join a political party. In this section we
at of prefer- examine incentives that arise from attempting to mobilize the elector-
ate. Mobilizing the electorate by definition is getting the public to turn
that PIEs are out to vote for, or otherwise support, a candidate. Examining the logic
Indeed, were of voting among citizens introduces the second form in which prob-
46 Political Parties and Democracy
lems of collective action are studied, and in this case turno.
Why We will be evaluating both academic and personal perspecti.docx
This document provides instructions for an assignment evaluating a personal leader. Students are asked to complete readings, select an extraordinary leader to interview, conduct the interview, and write a analysis. The analysis should include a summary of key events in the leader's life, an analysis of their leadership approach integrating class readings, how they exemplified effective leadership and specific practices covered in class, how they sustained commitment and built trust, valuable lessons learned from mistakes, their principles and values, and how they responded to challenges and the results they achieved. The goal is for students to connect what they learn about the leader to the class's leadership readings and discussions.
Why do we need to understand data visualisations There is mor.docx
Data visualizations are increasingly used to make decisions and understand information. However, many people do not feel capable of interpreting visualizations. This can leave some people feeling excluded from data-related discussions. Effective visualization is important to ensure more people can access and comprehend the insights within large data sets.
Why were so many of Milgram’s research subjects willing to inflict s.docx
Milgram's research subjects were willing to inflict severe electric shocks on victims because power is the ability to exercise one's will over others according to German sociologist Max Weber. Weber defined power in 1922 as the ability to exercise one's will over others, which provides insight into why Milgram's subjects were willing to follow orders to shock victims despite their protests.
Why worry about revenue and expense recognition Why not j.docx
Why worry about revenue and expense recognition?
Why not just recognize revenue when cash is received and expense when cash is paid?
It would be much easier, but would it be better?
Do you think nonprofits worry about revenues and expenses? Why?
2. Choose two concepts/topics you learned from the chapter that you found most interesting. Please briefly explain the concepts and why you found them to be the most interesting.
notes
Here is your reading list for this week:
Financial Intelligence: A Manager’s Guide to Knowing What the Numbers Really Mean
Free download
from Antioch University Library use your AU ID and password for access.
Part Two: The (Many) Peculiarities Of The Income Statement
Topic 5: Profit Is an Estimate
Topic 6: Cracking the Code of the Income Statement
Topics 7: Revenue: The Issue is Recognition
Topic 8: Costs and Expenses: No Hard and Fast Rules
Topic 9: The Many Forms of Profit
Part Two Tool Box:
Understanding the Variance
Profits at Nonprofits
A Quick Review: Percent of and Percent Change
Study Notes and Reflection
Supplemental Differences Between Profit and Nonprofit Reporting: Fund Accounting
Supplemental Nonprofit Income Statement
Lecture Notes
The income statement is also known as the Profit and Loss Statement, P&L, Operating Statement, Earnings statement, and a few other names. At its most basic, this statement is a company’s revenues, expenses, and the difference between the two. The difference is called net income.
It is important to note that revenues and profits are not the same as cash. Revenues include amounts earned which may or may not have been collected from customers yet. There could be amounts that customers had paid at an earlier time but have just been earned. There could be estimates and assumptions included as well.
Expenses are not necessarily amounts that have been paid. They include expenses that have been incurred but may be paid later. There may also be amounts that were paid in an earlier time-period but are now being recognized due to the matching of revenues and expenses. Estimates and assumptions are also present in expenses.
Net income is sometimes called the bottom line. It is revenues minus expenses. If expenses are more than revenues, it is called net loss. There may be important subtotals presented in the income statement such as gross profit. This subtotal is sometimes called the line. Gross profit is net sales minus cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold are costs or expenses directly related to sales such as direct labor, direct materials and overhead.
Each statement will have a heading. It includes the company name, statement name and the time-period covered. An income statement covers a span of time. It is usually a company’s fiscal year but can be for shorter periods such as a month or quarter (three months).
Weekly Commentary:
The section outline below highlights the main points of each section of your text, Financial .
Why the Rich are Getting Richer and the Poor, PoorerThe thesis o.docx
Why the Rich are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer
The thesis of the Paper
The report " Why the Rich are Getting Rich and the Poor, Poorer opens the eyes of the audience by making them understand the unemployment that people are suffering from is because of lack of technology and education. The paper aims to make the reader understand why the rich continue to get richer and the poor poorer (Heyward 40). The author gives an introduction of three boats sailing within the economy of America. One of the boats carries the symbolist analysis; another one is the in-person servers, and the last one carries the routine producers. The author states that the Americans were once in the same boat when corporations could sell goods and services globally as this increased the purchasing power of the Americans (Berry, 13). In this part, the author introduces the reader on its main ideas of the essay and what will be covered in the essay.
Supporting arguments
Robert Reich supports his thesis by giving various explanations to help in the understanding of the reasons behind his arguments. First, the author talks about increasing rates of the sinking of the boats that belong to the routine producers from the time the Americans began to construct companies in the developing countries. When this happens, the employees are hired from these countries and are given the exact payments that the Americans could have earned. Meaning, the minority who depend on these industries for their survival continues to suffer and remain poor. However, the only people who benefit are the symbolic Analysts.
The second argument is that the in-person server’s and the routine producers have lost their jobs because they have been replaced with modern technology. According to Reich, as much as the in-person servers suffer, they are protected from the direct impacts of global competition as compared to the routine producers who are directly affected by the issue (Heyward 16). The author states that only the symbolic analysts have their jobs in the rise as their services are demanded across the globe because they have problem-solving skills. The report also brings a clear understanding of the reason why the poor are getting poorer especially be talking about the companies replacing human efforts with the robots which are believed to be more efficient.
Another argument is that the author explains that the in-person servants become even more miserable when the routine producers lose their jobs and begin board ships carrying the In-Person servants. According to the author, these people are exposed to more risks of unemployment and are threatened by the increased number of high school graduates, the high rates of immigration and the labour saving machinery (Berry, 5). He believes that the world has only created more opportunities for the symbolic analysts and they end up getting more money from selling their knowledge to those who want to make a fortune. The customers that are served .
Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrializ.docx
Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s?
A. Unions were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers.
B. Union membership was required for employment in new industries.
C. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce.
D. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays.
4. One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was
A. a decrease in child labor.
B. an increase in the demand for handicraft goods.
C. a decrease in immigration to the United States.
D. an increase in urbanization.
5. During the Industrial revolution which major change in the economy of the United States was set in motion by the development of technological advances?
A. An increase of the portion of the work force engaged in manufacturing
B. A labor shortage due to a decreasing population
C. A shift from a free market economy to a command economy
D. A decreasing need for international trade agreement
6. Industrialization in the United States resulted in
A. Politics not being affected by the economic changes
B. Workers seeing no need to unite to form labor unions
C. The transformation from an urban to an agrarian society
D. The country becoming more urban than rural
7. In the late 19th century, farmers in the United States responded to the changing economy in which of the following political movements?
A. Populist
B. Abolitionist
C. Civil Rights
D. Progressive
8. During the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, Progressive reformers worked to influence the government to enact laws improving conditions brought on by industrialization. One law that was passed was the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act in 1916. Part of the act stated that following: That no producer, manufacturer, or dealer shall ship or deliver for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, an article or commodity the product of any mine or quarry situated in the United States, in which thirty days prior to the time of the removal of such product therefrom children under the age of sixteen years have been employed or permitted to work
The excerpt could be used to support the thesis that:
A. Progressive reformers wanted to limit the number of hours children worked.
B. Progressive reformers wanted to end child labor altogether.
C. Progressive reformers wanted to ship products made by children overseas.
D. Progressive reformers wanted children to be allowed to work only in mines and quarries.
9. What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address?
A. use of child labor in the workplace
B. unfair taxes on the wealthy
C. restrictions on the use of natural resources
D. lack of capital for railroad expansion
10. As a result of industrialization in the Uni.
Why We Should Design Policy to Care for Vulnerable PopulationsPr.docx
Why We Should Design Policy to Care for Vulnerable Populations
Previous
Next
For the discussion, we will be reviewing the “For Your Consideration” box on page 122 of the Shi text. Shi states that we should care about vulnerable populations because of the following items:
Vulnerable populations have greater health needs.
The prevalence of vulnerability is influenced [by] and therefore should be remedied by social forces.
Vulnerability is fundamentally linked with national resources.
Vulnerability and equity cannot coexist.
After reviewing this and the required background reading (and doing any additional research) discuss your thoughts on these items. As Shi asks, “Are these points valid?” (p. 122) How does this affect health administrators?
Be sure to cite reliable sources in support of your answer.
.
Why was the Panama Canal built Which country started the project .docx
The document contains 6 multi-part questions about various topics in history between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including: the construction of the Panama Canal; Lenin and Germany in World War 1; comparing nationalistic movements in Turkey, Egypt, Iran and Saudi Arabia; the Treaty of Versailles and responses to it; new weapons in World War 1; and choosing a significant person between 1850-1930 who shaped the world. The questions require explaining reasons, purposes, philosophies, comparisons, and brief biographies.
Why was it important for the United State to test the first bomb bef.docx
Why was it important for the United State to test the first bomb before the Potsdam Conference? If atomic bombs were available, why did Truman want them used against Japan before the Soviet army attacked that country? Describe what happened to Robert Openheimer's career during the postwar McCarthy era.
.
Why was Freud’s work so influentialHow did the analysts that foll.docx
Why was Freud’s work so influential?
How did the analysts that followed Freud dissent from his viewpoint?
What links the theorists in the psychoanalytic theory group?
What are three or more psychoanalytic concepts that are relevant to today’s culture? Explain their relevance and provide an example of each.
.
Why Study Political ScienceInitial Post InstructionsI.docx
Why Study Political Science?
Initial Post Instructions
Identify why students should learn about political science. Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or online lessons,
and
at least one outside scholarly source. Describe at least one reason why political science is interesting or relevant to you personally.
two sources
1. online scholarly less than 5 years and current and
2. text book Whitman Cobb, W. N. (2020).
Political science today
(1st ed.). Washington, DC: Sage, CQ Press.
one paragraph with 2 citation
.
Why Should We Study Intercultural Communication Minimum Length.docx
Why Should We Study Intercultural Communication? Minimum Length/Amount of Words: 250 words
As Martin and Nakayama discuss in their Chapter One ("Why Study Intercultural Communication?"), there are several imperatives for why we should and do study and engage in intercultural communication. Discuss the one imperative that you see as being the most critical and important and provide reasons as to why. In addition, identify an imperative that is not discussed in this chapter that you think should be for why we should study intercultural communication.
.
Why should the police be required to advise suspects of their Fifth .docx
Why should the police be required to advise suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights when police are not required to advise people who consent to searches that they need not give consent? What is the difference? When does Miranda apply? Give examples. Support your position.
500 words
APA Format
2 References
.
why Security as a Service is a good investment.Use at least .docx
why Security as a Service is a good investment.
Use at least three sources. Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks and cited in-line by reference to your reference list. Cite your sources. Do not copy. Write in essay format not in bulleted, numbered or other list format.
.
Why is skilled communication among health professionals so difficu.docx
Why is skilled communication among health professionals so difficult to achieve? How will you overcome the use of ineffective communication?
TERRY L. HAPNEY
TERRY L. HAPNEY
Public Relations and the School Superintendent
Marshall University
From the SelectedWorks of Terry L. Hapney Jr., Ph.D.
Summer June, 2018
Public Relations and the School Superintendent: From Theory to Practice
Terry L. Hapney, Jr.
Available at:
https://works.bepress.com/terryhapney/10
/
Public Relations and the School Superintendent
From Theory to Practice TERRY L. HAPNEY, JR.
ABSTRACT: This article examines public relations in the K–12 school system context. Specifically, the goal of this article is to examine the school superintendent as the chief public relations practitioner of the school system and how he/she would operate as such in the realms of seven public relations theories, as the superintendent works toward meeting the goals and objectives of his/her school district: strategic management function, communitas versus corporatas, persuasion, storytelling and branding, postmodernism, understanding, and sociology.
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
S
chools are organizations that are located in every community in the United States. Stakeholders in, and related to, schools include students, parents, teachers, administrators, school board members, legislators and other government officials, and alumni, among others. Research shows strong communication skills are a must for superintendents of school systems. Unfortunately, the assumption is anyone can be an effective communicator (Kowalski, 2005). Communication is at the heart of an effective public
306 Journal of School Public Relations Volume 37—Summer 2016
307
relations program in an organization (Kowalski, 2011). Many superintendents question the relevance of allocating funds and designating time to engage in public relations (2011). Studies have shown that superintendents have received poor performance evaluations and have even been dismissed due to “inconsistent and incompetent communication” (Kowalski, 2005, p. 112). Thus, the chief administrator in the school system has a big problem to overcome, and effective school public relations can help solve that problem.
School public relations consists of applying public relations in organizations that deliver educational services. It is utilized in both private and public K–12 schools, as well as colleges and universities (Kowalski, 2011). This article examines public relations in the K–12 school system context. Specifically, the goal of this article is to examine the school superintendent as the chief public relations practitioner of the school system and how he/she would operate as such in the realms of seven public relations theories, as the superintendent works toward meeting the goals and objectives of his/her school district: strategic management function, communitas versus corporatas, persuasion, storytelling and branding, postmodernism, understanding, and soc.
Why Luck Matters More Than You Might ThinkWhen people see themse.docx
Why Luck Matters More Than You Might Think
When people see themselves as self-made, they tend to be less generous and public-spirited.
· MAY 2016 ISSUEBottom of Form
I’m a lucky man. Perhaps the most extreme example of my considerable good fortune occurred one chilly Ithaca morning in November 2007, while I was playing tennis with my longtime friend and collaborator, the Cornell psychologist Tom Gilovich. He later told me that early in the second set, I complained of feeling nauseated. The next thing he knew, I was lying motionless on the court.
He yelled for someone to call 911, and then started pounding on my chest—something he’d seen many times in movies but had never been trained to do. He got a cough out of me, but seconds later I was again motionless with no pulse. Very shortly, an ambulance showed up.
Ithaca’s ambulances are dispatched from the other side of town, more than five miles away. How did this one arrive so quickly? By happenstance, just before I collapsed, ambulances had been dispatched to two separate auto accidents close to the tennis center. Since one of them involved no serious injuries, an ambulance was able to peel off and travel just a few hundred yards to me. EMTs put electric paddles on my chest and rushed me to our local hospital. There, I was loaded onto a helicopter and flown to a larger hospital in Pennsylvania, where I was placed on ice overnight.
Doctors later told me that I’d suffered an episode of sudden cardiac arrest. Almost 90 percent of people who experience such episodes don’t survive, and the few who do are typically left with significant impairments. And for three days after the event, my family tells me, I spoke gibberish. But on day four, I was discharged from the hospital with a clear head. Two weeks later, I was playing tennis with Tom again.
If that ambulance hadn’t happened to have been nearby, I would be dead.
Not all random events lead to favorable outcomes, of course. Mike Edwards is no longer alive because chance frowned on him. Edwards, formerly a cellist in the British pop band the Electric Light Orchestra, was driving on a rural road in England in 2010 when a 1,300-pound bale of hay rolled down a steep hillside and landed on his van, crushing him. By all accounts, he was a decent, peaceful man. That a bale of hay snuffed out his life was bad luck, pure and simple.
Most people will concede that I’m fortunate to have survived and that Edwards was unfortunate to have perished. But in other arenas, randomness can play out in subtler ways, causing us to resist explanations that involve luck. In particular, many of us seem uncomfortable with the possibility that personal success might depend to any significant extent on chance. As E. B. White once wrote, “Luck is not something you can mention in the presence of self-made men.”
Seeing ourselves as self-made leads us to be less generous and public-spirited.
My having cheated death does not make me an authority on luck. But it has motivated me t.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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A wiki is a collaborative web site that collects and organizes content, created and revised by its users. The most well-known example is Wikipedia. Wikis are a way to grow a knowledge base around a particular content area, be it best practices in a particular field or how to use a specific piece of hardware/software. A hallmark of Web 2.0 is that it improves as more people use it and this approach underlies wiki-based learning. It is based on the idea that within any enterprise, a great deal of knowledge exists among the members. Sharing this knowledge and information can raise the organization’s intelligence level, be it a university, an association, a corporation or club.
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WHYPARTIESFORM 45 equilibrium the ordinary circumstance, t.docx
WHYPARTIESFORM 45
equilibrium the ordinary circumstance, there would be no incentive
to form a party based on the social choice problem. But even when an
equilibrium exists, the political party need not make its members
worse off than without the parry; they can always choose to take no
"partisan" actions. With PIEs generally considered impossible, there
is a strong incentive for parties to form, precisely because of the likeli-
1altves hood of disequilibrium. Riker's dismal conclusion turns out to provide
a strong case for the formation of political parties.
The new institutionalism (e.g., Shepsle 1979) emerged in response
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discussed below and in later chapters are also relevant here. First,
':ss transactions many different institutional arrangements can be sufficient to yield
Wus making C (structure-induced) equilibria, such as committee systems, agenda
designs, and even separated powers. None of these are necessary—
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cs" of C. Sup- are one of those sets of sufficient institutions.
• id B find more
sa. As Axelrod
nal conflict of .i
•nnected, hay-
COLLECTIVE ACTION AND ELECTORAL
coalition must
MOBILIZATION
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2-C or B-C-D,
cong C's ideal The Federalist and Jeffersonian Republican parties began with the
government as a means of solving a social choice problem (see chap.
ihere is an equi- 3). Such parties-in-government may also become electoral parties.
ijine we should The most obvious motivation lies with the minority. The examples
ci preferences, above demonstrated incentives for some majority to form a party. If
Incentives to this happens, some or all of those excluded might form a parry in reac-
he disequilib- tion, seeking to become the legislative majority. Failing to reach major-
) has formed ity size, the minority would naturally turn to the public, seeking to
2.1 sometime elect more of its members. That is essentially what the Jeffersonians
agree on C's did when facing a Hamiltonian majority. Later parties, notably the
n on this pol- Jacksonian Democratic party, formed more directly for electoral pur-
e
would have poses (see chap. 4). The question for this section and the next, then,
t Won at least is what set of incentives candidates for elective office might have that
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at of prefer- examine incentives that arise from attempting to mobilize the elector-
ate. Mobilizing the electorate by definition is getting the public to turn
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46 Political Parties and Democracy
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notes
Here is your reading list for this week:
Financial Intelligence: A Manager’s Guide to Knowing What the Numbers Really Mean
Free download
from Antioch University Library use your AU ID and password for access.
Part Two: The (Many) Peculiarities Of The Income Statement
Topic 5: Profit Is an Estimate
Topic 6: Cracking the Code of the Income Statement
Topics 7: Revenue: The Issue is Recognition
Topic 8: Costs and Expenses: No Hard and Fast Rules
Topic 9: The Many Forms of Profit
Part Two Tool Box:
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Supplemental Differences Between Profit and Nonprofit Reporting: Fund Accounting
Supplemental Nonprofit Income Statement
Lecture Notes
The income statement is also known as the Profit and Loss Statement, P&L, Operating Statement, Earnings statement, and a few other names. At its most basic, this statement is a company’s revenues, expenses, and the difference between the two. The difference is called net income.
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Expenses are not necessarily amounts that have been paid. They include expenses that have been incurred but may be paid later. There may also be amounts that were paid in an earlier time-period but are now being recognized due to the matching of revenues and expenses. Estimates and assumptions are also present in expenses.
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Weekly Commentary:
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Supporting arguments
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A. Unions were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers.
B. Union membership was required for employment in new industries.
C. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce.
D. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays.
4. One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was
A. a decrease in child labor.
B. an increase in the demand for handicraft goods.
C. a decrease in immigration to the United States.
D. an increase in urbanization.
5. During the Industrial revolution which major change in the economy of the United States was set in motion by the development of technological advances?
A. An increase of the portion of the work force engaged in manufacturing
B. A labor shortage due to a decreasing population
C. A shift from a free market economy to a command economy
D. A decreasing need for international trade agreement
6. Industrialization in the United States resulted in
A. Politics not being affected by the economic changes
B. Workers seeing no need to unite to form labor unions
C. The transformation from an urban to an agrarian society
D. The country becoming more urban than rural
7. In the late 19th century, farmers in the United States responded to the changing economy in which of the following political movements?
A. Populist
B. Abolitionist
C. Civil Rights
D. Progressive
8. During the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, Progressive reformers worked to influence the government to enact laws improving conditions brought on by industrialization. One law that was passed was the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act in 1916. Part of the act stated that following: That no producer, manufacturer, or dealer shall ship or deliver for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, an article or commodity the product of any mine or quarry situated in the United States, in which thirty days prior to the time of the removal of such product therefrom children under the age of sixteen years have been employed or permitted to work
The excerpt could be used to support the thesis that:
A. Progressive reformers wanted to limit the number of hours children worked.
B. Progressive reformers wanted to end child labor altogether.
C. Progressive reformers wanted to ship products made by children overseas.
D. Progressive reformers wanted children to be allowed to work only in mines and quarries.
9. What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address?
A. use of child labor in the workplace
B. unfair taxes on the wealthy
C. restrictions on the use of natural resources
D. lack of capital for railroad expansion
10. As a result of industrialization in the Uni.
Why We Should Design Policy to Care for Vulnerable PopulationsPr.docx
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Previous
Next
For the discussion, we will be reviewing the “For Your Consideration” box on page 122 of the Shi text. Shi states that we should care about vulnerable populations because of the following items:
Vulnerable populations have greater health needs.
The prevalence of vulnerability is influenced [by] and therefore should be remedied by social forces.
Vulnerability is fundamentally linked with national resources.
Vulnerability and equity cannot coexist.
After reviewing this and the required background reading (and doing any additional research) discuss your thoughts on these items. As Shi asks, “Are these points valid?” (p. 122) How does this affect health administrators?
Be sure to cite reliable sources in support of your answer.
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Initial Post Instructions
Identify why students should learn about political science. Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or online lessons,
and
at least one outside scholarly source. Describe at least one reason why political science is interesting or relevant to you personally.
two sources
1. online scholarly less than 5 years and current and
2. text book Whitman Cobb, W. N. (2020).
Political science today
(1st ed.). Washington, DC: Sage, CQ Press.
one paragraph with 2 citation
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As Martin and Nakayama discuss in their Chapter One ("Why Study Intercultural Communication?"), there are several imperatives for why we should and do study and engage in intercultural communication. Discuss the one imperative that you see as being the most critical and important and provide reasons as to why. In addition, identify an imperative that is not discussed in this chapter that you think should be for why we should study intercultural communication.
.
Why should the police be required to advise suspects of their Fifth .docx
Why should the police be required to advise suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights when police are not required to advise people who consent to searches that they need not give consent? What is the difference? When does Miranda apply? Give examples. Support your position.
500 words
APA Format
2 References
.
why Security as a Service is a good investment.Use at least .docx
why Security as a Service is a good investment.
Use at least three sources. Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks and cited in-line by reference to your reference list. Cite your sources. Do not copy. Write in essay format not in bulleted, numbered or other list format.
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Why is skilled communication among health professionals so difficult to achieve? How will you overcome the use of ineffective communication?
TERRY L. HAPNEY
TERRY L. HAPNEY
Public Relations and the School Superintendent
Marshall University
From the SelectedWorks of Terry L. Hapney Jr., Ph.D.
Summer June, 2018
Public Relations and the School Superintendent: From Theory to Practice
Terry L. Hapney, Jr.
Available at:
https://works.bepress.com/terryhapney/10
/
Public Relations and the School Superintendent
From Theory to Practice TERRY L. HAPNEY, JR.
ABSTRACT: This article examines public relations in the K–12 school system context. Specifically, the goal of this article is to examine the school superintendent as the chief public relations practitioner of the school system and how he/she would operate as such in the realms of seven public relations theories, as the superintendent works toward meeting the goals and objectives of his/her school district: strategic management function, communitas versus corporatas, persuasion, storytelling and branding, postmodernism, understanding, and sociology.
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
S
chools are organizations that are located in every community in the United States. Stakeholders in, and related to, schools include students, parents, teachers, administrators, school board members, legislators and other government officials, and alumni, among others. Research shows strong communication skills are a must for superintendents of school systems. Unfortunately, the assumption is anyone can be an effective communicator (Kowalski, 2005). Communication is at the heart of an effective public
306 Journal of School Public Relations Volume 37—Summer 2016
307
relations program in an organization (Kowalski, 2011). Many superintendents question the relevance of allocating funds and designating time to engage in public relations (2011). Studies have shown that superintendents have received poor performance evaluations and have even been dismissed due to “inconsistent and incompetent communication” (Kowalski, 2005, p. 112). Thus, the chief administrator in the school system has a big problem to overcome, and effective school public relations can help solve that problem.
School public relations consists of applying public relations in organizations that deliver educational services. It is utilized in both private and public K–12 schools, as well as colleges and universities (Kowalski, 2011). This article examines public relations in the K–12 school system context. Specifically, the goal of this article is to examine the school superintendent as the chief public relations practitioner of the school system and how he/she would operate as such in the realms of seven public relations theories, as the superintendent works toward meeting the goals and objectives of his/her school district: strategic management function, communitas versus corporatas, persuasion, storytelling and branding, postmodernism, understanding, and soc.
Why Luck Matters More Than You Might ThinkWhen people see themse.docx
Why Luck Matters More Than You Might Think
When people see themselves as self-made, they tend to be less generous and public-spirited.
· MAY 2016 ISSUEBottom of Form
I’m a lucky man. Perhaps the most extreme example of my considerable good fortune occurred one chilly Ithaca morning in November 2007, while I was playing tennis with my longtime friend and collaborator, the Cornell psychologist Tom Gilovich. He later told me that early in the second set, I complained of feeling nauseated. The next thing he knew, I was lying motionless on the court.
He yelled for someone to call 911, and then started pounding on my chest—something he’d seen many times in movies but had never been trained to do. He got a cough out of me, but seconds later I was again motionless with no pulse. Very shortly, an ambulance showed up.
Ithaca’s ambulances are dispatched from the other side of town, more than five miles away. How did this one arrive so quickly? By happenstance, just before I collapsed, ambulances had been dispatched to two separate auto accidents close to the tennis center. Since one of them involved no serious injuries, an ambulance was able to peel off and travel just a few hundred yards to me. EMTs put electric paddles on my chest and rushed me to our local hospital. There, I was loaded onto a helicopter and flown to a larger hospital in Pennsylvania, where I was placed on ice overnight.
Doctors later told me that I’d suffered an episode of sudden cardiac arrest. Almost 90 percent of people who experience such episodes don’t survive, and the few who do are typically left with significant impairments. And for three days after the event, my family tells me, I spoke gibberish. But on day four, I was discharged from the hospital with a clear head. Two weeks later, I was playing tennis with Tom again.
If that ambulance hadn’t happened to have been nearby, I would be dead.
Not all random events lead to favorable outcomes, of course. Mike Edwards is no longer alive because chance frowned on him. Edwards, formerly a cellist in the British pop band the Electric Light Orchestra, was driving on a rural road in England in 2010 when a 1,300-pound bale of hay rolled down a steep hillside and landed on his van, crushing him. By all accounts, he was a decent, peaceful man. That a bale of hay snuffed out his life was bad luck, pure and simple.
Most people will concede that I’m fortunate to have survived and that Edwards was unfortunate to have perished. But in other arenas, randomness can play out in subtler ways, causing us to resist explanations that involve luck. In particular, many of us seem uncomfortable with the possibility that personal success might depend to any significant extent on chance. As E. B. White once wrote, “Luck is not something you can mention in the presence of self-made men.”
Seeing ourselves as self-made leads us to be less generous and public-spirited.
My having cheated death does not make me an authority on luck. But it has motivated me t.
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