1. SPECIAL RULES FOR FIGURE 3
(SUB-SUB)
VALID MOODS FOR FIGURE 3
(SUB-SUB)

2. 1. The minor premise must be
affirmative - to avoid the
fallacy of illicit major.

3. Examples:
Some endangered species
are protected.
But all endangered species
are animals.
Therefore, some animals are
protected.
All martyrs are saints.
But no martyrs is a coward.
Therefore, no coward is a
saint.
Mp Pp Valid
Mu Sp
Sp Pp
Mp Pp Valid
Mu Sp
Sp Pp

4. If the minor premise is negative, the major premise
must be affirmative, for no conclusion can be inferred
from two negative premises. The violation of this rule
can lead to an illicit major.
2. The conclusion must be
particular. If not, the
violation of this rule gives
rise to fallacy of illicit
minor.

5. Examples:
Some congressmen are not
famous.
But all congressmen are rich.
Therefore, some rich men are
not famous
Every strong typhoon is
disastrous.
But all strong typhoon are
natural occurrences.
Therefore, all natural
occurrences are disastrous.
Mp Pu Valid
Mu Sp
Sp Pu
Mp Pp Invalid
Mu Sp Illicit
Sp Pp Minor

6. The conclusion must be
particular since the minor term
in the affirmative minor premise
is a particular predicate. The
violation of the rule gives rise to
an illicit minor.

7. Valid Moods for FIGURE 3
(SUB-SUB)
All talented musicians are emotional.
But all talented musicians are artists.
Therefore, some artists are emotional.
Some greedy men are users.
But all greedy men are stone-hearted men.
Therefore, some stone-hearted men are
greedy.

8. All heroes are brave.
But some heroes are women.
Therefore, some women are brave.
No traitor is loyal.
But some heroes are women.
Therefore, some women are brave.

9. Some lawyers are not honest
persons.
But all lawyers are not
professionals.
Therefore, some professionals
are not honest.
No reckless man is prudent.
But some reckless men are
brave men.
Therefore, some brave men are
not prudent.

10. Presented by:
FRESSETTE VINSON