What sort of archaeological remains have been discovered on the site of the ancient city of Pompeii? Solution Answer: Pompeii located in the Campania region of Italy. It was an ancient Roman city situated near (around 23 km southeast of) modern Naples which was destroyed (and buried under 4 to 6 meter of volcanic ash and pumice) by the violent eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. The archaeological remains have been discovered on the site of the ancient city of Pompeii are :.