Ehsan Kabir Solicitor is describing the Sentencing and Appeals laws in the UK Legal System and its facts and benefits are also explained.

1. Sentencing and Appeals in the uk Legal System
Ehsan Kabir Solicitor

2. The Courts
• Three Judicial Systems
• England and Wales
• Scotland
• Northern Ireland
• The Law
• Criminal- Actions against the law and punishable
• Civil- Monetary disputes between individuals or companies.
• Dual- Both involved, a car crash where monetary and legal
issues arise as an example
2

3. Structure
• Highest Court>
• Senior Courts>
• Senior Courts>
• Subordinate Courts>
3

4. Civil Court
• County Courts or High Courts
• Original Jurisdiction
• Neighbor disputes, Contracts, Divorce or personal
injury cases are examples
• Court of Appeal in London
• Appeal on a point of law
• Supreme Court
• Highest Court in England
4

5. Criminal Law
• Breaches of the Law
• Shoplifting to murder
• Police action
• Crown Prosecution Service
• Minor Cases
• Magistrates Courts
• Major Cases
• Crown Court
• Also hears appeals from Magistrates Courts
5

6. The Crown Prosecution Service
• One and a half million cases yearly
• Barristers try the case
• Four Regions
• 31 areas
• Each with a Chief Crown Prosecutor
*Special Cases such as terrorism, race relations, and
breaches of the Official Secrets Act handled in
London.
6

7. Sentencing and Appeals
• Four Sentences
1. Discharge: without conditions or
conditional on further criminal activity
2. Monetary sentence
3. Custodial sentence (prison)
4. Community sentence
• Appeals on points of law
• Scotland: Scottish Court of Criminal
Appeal
7

8. The Courts
• Magistrates Courts
• Majority of cases here
• Lay Magistrates, Justices of the Peace
(unpaid)
• Two or more must be present
• Larger areas, District Judges (paid)
• No jury
• 6 month maximum sentence
• Civil jurisdiction for minor cases 8

9. The Courts
• Youth Courts
• Children 10-14
• Young people 15-17
• Up to three Magistrates sit
• At least one man and one woman
• Youth Offending Team issues a report
9

10. Youth Court continued
• Children
• Parent must be present
• Parent must pay monetary orders
• Parenting orders imposed:
• Counseling for parents
• Exercise control child
• Young People
• With an adult heard in Magistrates Court
• Parents may be held accountable
10

11. The Courts
• Crown Court
• High Court Judge or Circuit Judge presides
• Lord Chancellor determines site
• In London: Central Criminal Court
• “Old Bailey”
• Contested trials
• Jury present
• Appeals from Magistrate
• Judge plus 2-4 Justice of the Peace
11

12. Crown Court continued
• Circuit Judge
• Barrister for 10 years
• Or Recorders for 3 years
• Recorder
• Part time Judge
• Barrister or Solicitor for 10 years
*Also hears appeals from the Magistrate Court
12

13. County Courts
• Most Civil Cases heard here
• County Courts Act 1984
• 218 set up
• One or more circuit judges
• One or more district judges
• Appointments
• Judicial Appointments Commission
13

14. County Courts continued
• High Court and County Courts
Jurisdiction Order 1991
• Personal injury cases up to 50,000
pounds
Other cases heard
• Debt or damages
• Landlord and tenant disputes
• Divorce
• Consumer credit agreements 14

15. County Courts continued
• Simple procedures up to 5,000 pounds
• No professional assistance needed
• Trials of claims up to 15,000 pounds
• May commit a person up to 2 years
• May fine up to 5,000 pounds for contempt or
misbehavior
15

16. The High Court
• Three divisions
1. Queen’s Bench Division
• Claims for damages, breach of contracts, defamation and
wrongful arrest
2. Chancery Division
• Trusts, injunctions, property, company and bankruptcy
matters
3. Family Division
• Marriage, wardship, adoption, child abduction
(International)
16

17. The Court of Appeal
• Civil and Criminal Appellate Courts
• Appeals from the three High Courts and
Crown Court and lower Courts
• 28 Lords Justices (judges)
• From here appeals to the Supreme Court
17

18. The Supreme Court
• Constitutional Reform Act 2005
• Forms the Supreme Court
• 1 October 2009, first session
• Separate Branch
• House of Lords were the Highest Court
• 11 Justices
• Original Lord Justices the first Court
• No voting rights anymore in the House of Lords
18

19. Road to the Supreme Court
• England and Wales
• Civil and Criminal Courts of Appeal
• The High Court (limited)
• Scotland
• The Court of Session (Very Rare)
• Northern Ireland
• Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland
• The High Court of Northern Ireland
19

20. Special Courts
• Coroners’ Courts
• Independent Judicial Officer
• All suspicious deaths
• Does not apportion blame
• Administrative Tribunals
• Conflicts with a citizen and government department
• Some are formal rules, others less formal
• Large city versus smaller townships
20

21. Thank You
21