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The Everyday Life Reader – Ben HIGHMORE


             Chapter 6‐ Michel de CERTEAU

General Introduction to the Practice of Everyday Life 




                                                         ID 501
                                                    Duygu ÜRÜN
Contents:

  Consumer production
•Usage or consumpion
•The procedures of everyday creativity
•The formal sructure of practice
•The marginality of a majority

  The tactics of practice
•Tractories, tactics and rhetorics
•Reading, talking, dwelling, cooking etc.
•Extensions: prospects and politics
Keywords
Consumer, Consumption, Production, Usage, 
     Use, Strategies, Tactics, Creativity, 
        Everyday, Practice, Proper
CERTEAU

•Criticizes production and consumption of everday life
•Emphasizes that everyday life is full of life practices which
repeat both unconsciously and consciously.
•Tries to criticize everyday life by the help of concepts of 
strategy and tactics.
•Emphasizes that users manipulate and make transformations
on consumption. They improve tactics. 
•Criticizes that there is a secondary production hidden in its
process of utilization.
CONSUMPTION   PRODUCTION
“This essay is part of continuing investigation of the ways in 
which user ‐ commonly assumed to be passive and guied by
established rules ‐ operate.”




“The purpose of this work is to make explicit the systems of 
operational combination which also compose a ‘culture’ and to
bring to light the models of characteristic of users whose status
as the dominated element in the society concaled by the
euphemistic term ‘consumers’. Everyday life invents itself by
poaching in contless ways on the property of others.”
1‐Consumer production

a) Usage or consumpion



“To a rationalized, expansionist, at the same time centralized, 
clamorous, and spectacular production is confronted corresponds
another production, called ‘consumption’ .”

“It does not manifest itself through its own products, but rather
through its ways of using the products imposed by a dominant 
economic order.”


***Spanish colonizers &Indians
“We must first analyze its manipulation by users who are not its
makers. Only then can we gauge the difference or similarity
between production of the image and the secondary production
hidden in the process of its utilization.”


***The act of speaking; (walking, cooking etc.)
Operates within the field of e linguistic system
Effects an appropriation or reappropriation of language by its speaker
Establishes a present relative to a time and place
Posits a contract with the other



“Users make innumerable and infinitesimal transformetions of 
end within the dominant cultural economy in order to adapt it to
their own interests and their own rules.”
b) The procedures of everyday creativity
It is urgent to discover,
•How an entire society resists being reduced to it
•What popular procedures manipulate the mechanisms of dicipline and
conform to them only in order to evade them
•What ways of operating form the counterpart on the consumer’s side




“These ways of operating constitute the unnumerable practices by
means of which users reappropriate the space organized by
techniques of sociocultural production.”
c) The formal structure of practice


Art or way of making
Popular culture = popular
Arts of making or combinatory or utilizing modes of cunsumption




two sort of investigations,
•More descriptive in nature
•Scientific literature
d) The marginality of a majority
•Today, not limited to minority groups
•Cultural acitivity of non‐producers of culture
•Unsigned, unreadable & unsymbolized
•Buy and pay for showy products
•A silent majority
 products linked together in obligatory language
 their function is related to sociol situations & power relationships
***TV type bw immigrant & citizen



“The tactics of cunsumption, the ingenious ways in which the
weak make use of the strong, thus lend a political dimension to
everyday practices.”
2‐The tactics of practice

Three concerns about relations between consumers and the mechanisms of 
production
• The search for a problematics that could articulate the material collected
• The description of a limited number of practices considered to be 
   particularly significant
• The extension of the analysis of these everyday operations to scientific
   fields apparently governed by another kind of logic.

a) Trajectories, tactics, and rhetorics

• Trajectories : path a moving object follows
• Rhetorics : art & study the use of language
“Strategies, a calculus of force relationships which becomes possible when
a subject of will and power can be isolated from an environment. A strategy
assumes a place that can be circumscribed as proper .”


“Tactic, a calculus which cannot count on a proper.”


“The place of a tactic belongs to the other.”


“The proper, is a victory of space over time. On the contrary, because it does
not have a place, a tactic depends on time – it is always on the watch for
opportunities that must be seized on the wing.


“Many everyday practices are tactical in character. And so are, more
generally many ways of operating, victories of weak over the strong”
“Strategies, in contrast, conceal beneath objective calculations their
connection with the power that sustains them from within the
stronghold of is own ‘proper’ place or institution.


b) Reading,talking,dwelling,cooking etc.
• produce without capitalizing
• Without taking control over time 
• Inevitable one starting point
• Exorbitant focus of contemporary culture and its consumption

***reading, silent production etc. 

c) Extensions : prospects and politics
• Prospects or futurology
Rationality, imagination, tentative moves, pragmatic ruses, successive
Tastics, strategic
• The individual subject in political life
Certau temel olarak kullanıcıların, rasyonel otoritenin dayattığı
yaşam tarzlarına karşı pasif alıcılar mı yoksa reaksiyoner‐yaratıcı
alıcılar mı oldukları noktasına odaklanmıştır. 

Certau ayrıca gündelik hayat pratiklerinden yola çıkarak 
kullanıcıların, otoritenin dayattığı materyalleri bir çeşit 
transferden geçirerek bir direniş gerçekleştirdiklerini iddia eder. 

Certau, bu pratiklerin kendi deyimiyle taktiksel olduğunu ısrarla 
vurgular. 
The Lived Spatiality of Ankara (1935‐ 1950) through the Memories of its Citizens
Serpil Ozaloğlu

Abstract
Ankara, planlanarak inşa edilmiş ender başkentlerden biridir. Başkentin 
modernleşmesi Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nin hedeflerinden biriydi. Makalede 
kentsel kültürün dönüşümü, Ankaralıların günlük yaşamları ve mekansal 
pratikleri açılarından incelenmektedir.Adı geçen mekanlar ve binalar kentin 
hem yeni hem de eski veya geleneksel mahallelerinde yer almaktadır.

Mekansal pratikten anlaşılan, kentin kamusal alanlarında yer alan tüm 
mekansal deneyimler ve toplumsal ilişkilerdir. İlişkisiz ve önceden 
planlanmamış gibi görünen olayları birbirine toplumsal ve fiziksel olarak 
bağlayan şey dönemin baskın olan söylemidir. 1930ların ve 1940ların 
Ankara’sında baskın olan söylem modernleşmedir. Bu çalışmada
kentsel kültürün dönüşümünü mekansal pratikler aracılığıyla incelerken üç
önemli başlık, günlük yaşam, tarih‐bellek ilişkisi ve bedensel pratiklerdir.
Kent kültürü, günlük yaşam ve mekansal pratikler aracılığıyla, kendini kentin kamusal
alanlarında açıkça gösterir. Dönüşüm sürecindeki bir kentin analizi yalnızca mimarisi ve
kentsel mekanlarının fiziksel özellikleriyle sınırlandırılmamalıdır. Bu mekanları kullananların
yaşam biçimleriyle, mekansal ve bedensel pratikleriyle birlikte bir bütün olarak
değerlendirilmelidir. Böylece kentsel mekanlara ve yerlere atfedilen anlam mekansal kullanım
biçimlerini de kapsayacak, kentsel kültürün ve mekanın toplumsal olarak üretilmesiyle
ilişkilendirilecektir.
Kent kültürünü dönüştürenler yalnızca elit bir kesim değil, mütevazı bir yaşam süren
diğer toplumsal gruplardır da. Ankara’da modern yaşam biçiminin yavaş yavaş benimsenmesi
yalnızca ulus devletin kuruluş tarihinde yer alan mekanlar aracılığıyla olmaz.
Kültürel mekanlar (Sergievi, tiyatrolar, sinemalar, halk evleri), eğlence/dinlence yerleri
(parklar, kahveler, restoranlar), çarşılar, “asfalt” ya da bulvarlar, mahalleler günlük yaşamın
mekanlarıdır. Yeni mekansal ve bedensel pratikler buralarda yeşerir. Yeni/modern
çevrelerin yanı sıra, eski ve kendiliğinden gelişen bölgeler de dönüşüm sürecinde eşit derecede
yer alır.
Dönüşüm, ne geleneksel ne de modern olarak sınıflanamayacak olan aradaki durumların
analizini yapabilmek amacıyla kullanılan kaynaklarla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Araştırmada
bellek temel alınmıştır. Yazılı belgelerin yanı sıra, gazetelerden, edebi kaynaklardan,
anılardan ve 1935‐50 arasını Ankara’da yaşamış eski Ankaralılarla yapılan söyleşilerden
yararlanılmıştır. Bu makale ise söyleşiler üzerinden yazılmıştır. Yapılan analize göre Ankara,
seçilen dönemde modern kentsel bir kültürün yaratılabilmesine ya da var olanın
modern bir kent kültürüne dönüştürülebilmesine olanak sağlayan bir ortam sunmaktadır.
Bu kültürün yaratılmasında en büyük pay, orta sınıfa ait olduğunu söyleyebileceğimiz toplumsal
gruplarındır.

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Everyday life reader Ben HIGHMORE

  • 1. The Everyday Life Reader – Ben HIGHMORE Chapter 6‐ Michel de CERTEAU General Introduction to the Practice of Everyday Life  ID 501 Duygu ÜRÜN
  • 2. Contents: Consumer production •Usage or consumpion •The procedures of everyday creativity •The formal sructure of practice •The marginality of a majority The tactics of practice •Tractories, tactics and rhetorics •Reading, talking, dwelling, cooking etc. •Extensions: prospects and politics
  • 3. Keywords Consumer, Consumption, Production, Usage,  Use, Strategies, Tactics, Creativity,  Everyday, Practice, Proper
  • 4. CERTEAU •Criticizes production and consumption of everday life •Emphasizes that everyday life is full of life practices which repeat both unconsciously and consciously. •Tries to criticize everyday life by the help of concepts of  strategy and tactics. •Emphasizes that users manipulate and make transformations on consumption. They improve tactics.  •Criticizes that there is a secondary production hidden in its process of utilization.
  • 5. CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION
  • 6. “This essay is part of continuing investigation of the ways in  which user ‐ commonly assumed to be passive and guied by established rules ‐ operate.” “The purpose of this work is to make explicit the systems of  operational combination which also compose a ‘culture’ and to bring to light the models of characteristic of users whose status as the dominated element in the society concaled by the euphemistic term ‘consumers’. Everyday life invents itself by poaching in contless ways on the property of others.”
  • 7. 1‐Consumer production a) Usage or consumpion “To a rationalized, expansionist, at the same time centralized,  clamorous, and spectacular production is confronted corresponds another production, called ‘consumption’ .” “It does not manifest itself through its own products, but rather through its ways of using the products imposed by a dominant  economic order.” ***Spanish colonizers &Indians
  • 8. “We must first analyze its manipulation by users who are not its makers. Only then can we gauge the difference or similarity between production of the image and the secondary production hidden in the process of its utilization.” ***The act of speaking; (walking, cooking etc.) Operates within the field of e linguistic system Effects an appropriation or reappropriation of language by its speaker Establishes a present relative to a time and place Posits a contract with the other “Users make innumerable and infinitesimal transformetions of  end within the dominant cultural economy in order to adapt it to their own interests and their own rules.”
  • 9. b) The procedures of everyday creativity It is urgent to discover, •How an entire society resists being reduced to it •What popular procedures manipulate the mechanisms of dicipline and conform to them only in order to evade them •What ways of operating form the counterpart on the consumer’s side “These ways of operating constitute the unnumerable practices by means of which users reappropriate the space organized by techniques of sociocultural production.”
  • 10. c) The formal structure of practice Art or way of making Popular culture = popular Arts of making or combinatory or utilizing modes of cunsumption two sort of investigations, •More descriptive in nature •Scientific literature
  • 11. d) The marginality of a majority •Today, not limited to minority groups •Cultural acitivity of non‐producers of culture •Unsigned, unreadable & unsymbolized •Buy and pay for showy products •A silent majority products linked together in obligatory language their function is related to sociol situations & power relationships ***TV type bw immigrant & citizen “The tactics of cunsumption, the ingenious ways in which the weak make use of the strong, thus lend a political dimension to everyday practices.”
  • 12. 2‐The tactics of practice Three concerns about relations between consumers and the mechanisms of  production • The search for a problematics that could articulate the material collected • The description of a limited number of practices considered to be  particularly significant • The extension of the analysis of these everyday operations to scientific fields apparently governed by another kind of logic. a) Trajectories, tactics, and rhetorics • Trajectories : path a moving object follows • Rhetorics : art & study the use of language
  • 13. “Strategies, a calculus of force relationships which becomes possible when a subject of will and power can be isolated from an environment. A strategy assumes a place that can be circumscribed as proper .” “Tactic, a calculus which cannot count on a proper.” “The place of a tactic belongs to the other.” “The proper, is a victory of space over time. On the contrary, because it does not have a place, a tactic depends on time – it is always on the watch for opportunities that must be seized on the wing. “Many everyday practices are tactical in character. And so are, more generally many ways of operating, victories of weak over the strong”
  • 14. “Strategies, in contrast, conceal beneath objective calculations their connection with the power that sustains them from within the stronghold of is own ‘proper’ place or institution. b) Reading,talking,dwelling,cooking etc. • produce without capitalizing • Without taking control over time  • Inevitable one starting point • Exorbitant focus of contemporary culture and its consumption ***reading, silent production etc.  c) Extensions : prospects and politics • Prospects or futurology Rationality, imagination, tentative moves, pragmatic ruses, successive Tastics, strategic • The individual subject in political life
  • 15. Certau temel olarak kullanıcıların, rasyonel otoritenin dayattığı yaşam tarzlarına karşı pasif alıcılar mı yoksa reaksiyoner‐yaratıcı alıcılar mı oldukları noktasına odaklanmıştır.  Certau ayrıca gündelik hayat pratiklerinden yola çıkarak  kullanıcıların, otoritenin dayattığı materyalleri bir çeşit  transferden geçirerek bir direniş gerçekleştirdiklerini iddia eder.  Certau, bu pratiklerin kendi deyimiyle taktiksel olduğunu ısrarla  vurgular. 
  • 16. The Lived Spatiality of Ankara (1935‐ 1950) through the Memories of its Citizens Serpil Ozaloğlu Abstract Ankara, planlanarak inşa edilmiş ender başkentlerden biridir. Başkentin  modernleşmesi Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nin hedeflerinden biriydi. Makalede  kentsel kültürün dönüşümü, Ankaralıların günlük yaşamları ve mekansal  pratikleri açılarından incelenmektedir.Adı geçen mekanlar ve binalar kentin  hem yeni hem de eski veya geleneksel mahallelerinde yer almaktadır. Mekansal pratikten anlaşılan, kentin kamusal alanlarında yer alan tüm  mekansal deneyimler ve toplumsal ilişkilerdir. İlişkisiz ve önceden  planlanmamış gibi görünen olayları birbirine toplumsal ve fiziksel olarak  bağlayan şey dönemin baskın olan söylemidir. 1930ların ve 1940ların  Ankara’sında baskın olan söylem modernleşmedir. Bu çalışmada kentsel kültürün dönüşümünü mekansal pratikler aracılığıyla incelerken üç önemli başlık, günlük yaşam, tarih‐bellek ilişkisi ve bedensel pratiklerdir.
  • 17. Kent kültürü, günlük yaşam ve mekansal pratikler aracılığıyla, kendini kentin kamusal alanlarında açıkça gösterir. Dönüşüm sürecindeki bir kentin analizi yalnızca mimarisi ve kentsel mekanlarının fiziksel özellikleriyle sınırlandırılmamalıdır. Bu mekanları kullananların yaşam biçimleriyle, mekansal ve bedensel pratikleriyle birlikte bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Böylece kentsel mekanlara ve yerlere atfedilen anlam mekansal kullanım biçimlerini de kapsayacak, kentsel kültürün ve mekanın toplumsal olarak üretilmesiyle ilişkilendirilecektir. Kent kültürünü dönüştürenler yalnızca elit bir kesim değil, mütevazı bir yaşam süren diğer toplumsal gruplardır da. Ankara’da modern yaşam biçiminin yavaş yavaş benimsenmesi yalnızca ulus devletin kuruluş tarihinde yer alan mekanlar aracılığıyla olmaz. Kültürel mekanlar (Sergievi, tiyatrolar, sinemalar, halk evleri), eğlence/dinlence yerleri (parklar, kahveler, restoranlar), çarşılar, “asfalt” ya da bulvarlar, mahalleler günlük yaşamın mekanlarıdır. Yeni mekansal ve bedensel pratikler buralarda yeşerir. Yeni/modern çevrelerin yanı sıra, eski ve kendiliğinden gelişen bölgeler de dönüşüm sürecinde eşit derecede yer alır. Dönüşüm, ne geleneksel ne de modern olarak sınıflanamayacak olan aradaki durumların analizini yapabilmek amacıyla kullanılan kaynaklarla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Araştırmada bellek temel alınmıştır. Yazılı belgelerin yanı sıra, gazetelerden, edebi kaynaklardan, anılardan ve 1935‐50 arasını Ankara’da yaşamış eski Ankaralılarla yapılan söyleşilerden yararlanılmıştır. Bu makale ise söyleşiler üzerinden yazılmıştır. Yapılan analize göre Ankara, seçilen dönemde modern kentsel bir kültürün yaratılabilmesine ya da var olanın modern bir kent kültürüne dönüştürülebilmesine olanak sağlayan bir ortam sunmaktadır. Bu kültürün yaratılmasında en büyük pay, orta sınıfa ait olduğunu söyleyebileceğimiz toplumsal gruplarındır.