For unclear reasons thyroid cancers (like almost all diseases of the thyroid) occur about 3 times more often in women than in men. Thyroid cancer can occur at any age, but the risk peaks earlier for women (who are most often in their 40s or 50s when diagnosed) than for men (who are usually in their 60s or 70s.

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2. The thyroid is the butterfly-shaped gland
at the base of the neck. The thyroid gland
is a vital hormone gland. It plays a major
role in the metabolism, growth and
development of the human body. It helps
to regulate many body functions by
constantly releasing a steady amount of
thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.
The thyroid produces hormones that
regulate heart rate, blood pressure, body
temperature and weight.

3. Thyroid cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the thyroid. Having an overactive thyroid gland
(hyperthyroidism) or an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) doesn't increase your chances of
developing thyroid cancer. Around 1 in 5 cases of thyroid cancer occur in people who've had a previous
benign thyroid condition. The exact cause of most thyroid cancers is not yet known. Certain changes in a
person's DNA can cause thyroid cells to become cancerous.

4.  A lump in the neck, sometimes growing quickly.
· Swelling in the neck.
· Pain in the front of the neck, sometimes going up to the ears.
· Hoarseness or other voice changes that do not go away.
· Trouble swallowing.
· Trouble breathing.
· A constant cough that is not due to a cold.
Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer

5. Types of thyroid cancer include:
• Papillary: Up to 80% of all thyroid cancers are papillary. This cancer type grows slowly.
Although papillary thyroid cancer often spreads to lymph nodes in your neck, the disease
responds very well to treatment. Papillary thyroid cancer is highly curable and rarely fatal.
• Follicular: Follicular thyroid cancer accounts for up to 15% of thyroid cancer diagnoses. This
cancer is more likely to spread to your bones and organs, like your lungs.
• Medullary: About 2% of thyroid cancers are medullary. A quarter of people with medullary
thyroid cancer have a family history of the disease.
• Anaplastic: This aggressive thyroid cancer is the hardest type to treat. It can grow quickly
and often spreads into surrounding tissue and other parts of your body. This is a rare
cancer.

6. Warning signs:
You might feel a lump or growth in your neck called a thyroid
nodule. Most nodules are benign.
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing.
• Loss of voice (hoarseness).
• Swollen lymph nodes in your neck.

7. Factors causing Thyroid Cancer
Enlarged thyroid (goitre)
• Family history of thyroid disease or thyroid cancer.
• Inflammation of your thyroid gland.
• Gene mutations (changes) that cause endocrine diseases, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A
(MEN2A) or type 2B (MEN2B) syndrome.
• Low iodine intake.
• Obesity
• Radiation therapy of head and neck especially during childhood.
• Exposure to radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons or a power plant accident.

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