Inraduction Of Pharmacology

1. Introduction to
Modern Pharmacology
Dr. Praveen Patil
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Pharmacology
Govt. Medical College, Miraj.

2. Pharmacology
• It is the science of drugs
• Greek: Pharmacon—drug; logos—discourse
in
• In a broad sense, it deals with interaction of
exogenously administered chemical molecules
with living systems, or any single chemical
substance which can produce a biological
response

3. Drug
• French: Drogue—a dry herb
• WHO defines “any substance or product that is
used or intended to be used to modify or
explore the physiological systems or the
pathological states for the benefit of the
recipient”

4. The two main divisions of pharmacology
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacodynamics

5. Pharmacokinetics
• Greek: Kinesis—movement
• What the body does to the drug.
• It includes
a. Absorption,
b. Distribution,
c. Binding/localization/storage,
d. Biotransformation
e. Excretion of the drug,

6. Pharmacodynamics
• Greek: dynamis—power
• What the drug does to the body
• This includes physiological and biochemical
effects of drugs and their mechanism of action
at organ system/subcellular/macromolecular
levels.

7. Pharmacotherapeutics
• It is the application of pharmacological
information together with knowledge of the
disease for its prevention, mitigation or cure.

8. Clinical pharmacology
• It is the scientific study of drugs (both old and
new) in man.
• The aim of clinical pharmacology is to
generate data for optimum use of drugs and the
practice of „evidence based medicine‟.

9. DRUG NOMENCLATURE
• Chemical name
• Non-proprietary name
• Proprietary (Brand) name

10. Chemical name
• It describes the substance chemically,
• e.g. propranolol----- 1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(1-
naphthyloxy) propan-2-ol for
Non-proprietary name
• It is the name accepted by a competent
scientific body/authority
• generic name
• Approved name / Official name

11. Proprietary (Brand) name
• It is the name assigned by the manufacturer(s)
and is his property or trade mark.
• One drug may have multiple proprietary names,
• Eg: atenolol-ALTOL, ATCARDIL, ATECOR,
ATEN, BETACARD
• Brand names are designed to be catchy, short,
easy to remember and often suggestive.

12. Essential medicines
• The WHO has defined as “those that satisfy
the priority healthcare needs of the population.
• They are selected with due regard to public
health relevance, evidence on efficacy and
safety, and comparative cost effectiveness”.

13. • the WHO brought out its first Model List of
Essential Drugs along with their dosage forms
and strengths in 1977
• India produced its National Essential Drugs
List in 1996 and
• Revised - 2011 list includes 348 medicines
• Revised -2015 list includes 376 medicines
A total of 106 medicines have been added, and
70 medicines have been deleted

14. Routes of drug administration
• Local routes
- Topical
- Deeper tissues
- Arterial supply

15. • Systemic routes
• Enteral routes
- Oral
- Rectal
- Sublingual or Buccal
- Cutaneous- TTDS

16. • Parenteral routes
- Subcutaneous (s.c.)
- Intramuscular (i.m.)
- Intravenous (i.v.)
- Intradermal (i.d.)

17. Factors governing choice of route

19. THANK YOU