3. SWOT
• SWOT analysis will define inputs for the determination of the
internal and external issues.
• The determination of the internal and the external issues will help
identifying relevant interested parties.
4. Internal Context
▪ Product and service offerings
▪ Governance, organizational structure, roles, and accountability
▪ Regulatory requirements
▪ Policies and goals, and the strategies
▪ Assets
▪ Capabilities understood in terms of resources and knowledge
▪ Information systems,
▪ Relationships of the staff/volunteers/members
▪ Organization’s culture
▪ Standards, guidelines, and models adopted
“Internal context can be defined as anything within the organization that may
influence the way in which the organization manages its internal risks.”
5. External Context
▪ Government changes / leadership
▪ Shareholder / funding
▪ Unemployment level
▪ Foreign exchange rates / interest rates / inflation rate
▪ Local economic situation and trends
▪ Demographics / ethnic/religious factors
▪ Advertising scenarios / consumer buying patterns , opinions, attitudes
▪ Ethical / health issues
▪ Technological development / research and development
“An organization’s external context includes its outside stakeholders, its local
operating environment, as well as any external factors that influence the selection
of its objectives (goals and targets) or its ability to meet its goals.”
6. • Customers
• Employees
• Suppliers and external providers
• Regulators
• Investors
• Other interested parties relevant to the area of
expertise or activity of the organization
Interested Party
8. “SWOT analysis is
a framework for
identifying and analyzing
the internal and external
factors that can have an
impact on the viability of
a project, product, place
or person.”
9. “SWOT analysis
is a strategic planning tool that can be used
for analyzing different
situations faced by an organization.”
“SWOT analysis
allows organizations to assess their current
positions in the market and it also extends to the
resources and efforts required to change, sustain
or strengthen that position.”
10. a strength is a
benefit
(or advantage)
a weakness is a
problem
(or disadvantage)
an opportunity is
chance to
achieve something
a threat is
likely to cause
damage
S 0
W T
11. SWOT
• What is good in the present and in the past is a strength
• What is bad in the present and in the past is a weakness
• What is good in the future is an opportunity
• What is bad in the future is a threat
12. StrengthWOT
• a strength is a benefit / advantage
• may benefit the bottom line
• increase recognition
• why customers / stakeholders are
obsessed with us
• how the topic stands out above the
others
13. StrengthWOT
• Netflix – the ad-free content
• BMW – luxurious brand image
• Apple – the world’s most valuable
and recognizable brand
• Coca cola – the world largest
market share in beverage segment
14. SWeaknessOT
• a weakness is a problem /
disadvantage
• may affect the organisation /
product / process / customers
• may prevent to meet the goals /
objectives
• may detract the values offered to
customers / stakeholders
15. SWeaknessOT
• PepsiCo – offers only a few
healthy food and beverage options
• Starbucks – lack of adoption to
local culture
• Uber – loyalty between Uber and
its drivers is quite low
• MAS Holdings – high staff turnover
16. SWOpportunityT
• an opportunity is chance to
achieve something
• reasons organisation is likely to
prosper
• something possible to achieve in a
few months or years
• if there are changes happening
• normally born from weaknesses
17. SWOpportunityT
• Airbnb – can easily move into the
travel industry
• Apple – rising adoption of Apple
product
• Starbucks – product innovation
• KFC – introduce better vegetarian
product
18. SWOThreat
• a threat is likely to cause damage
• may develop from a weakness that
was left too long without a solution
• undermines the success of your
organization
• it’s not just a problem but rather
destruction
19. SWOThreat
• Red Bull – energy drinks lead to
death
• Mc Donald – nutrition and healthy
lifestyle focus
• Grab – low profit margin for driver
• Amazon – regional low cost online
retailer
20. Strengths
• What are we best at?
• What intellectual property do we own?
• What specific skills does the workforce have?
• What financial resources do we have?
• What connections and alliances do we have?
• What is our bargaining power with suppliers and inte
rmediaries?
Opportunities
• What changes in the external environment can we ex
ploit?
• What weaknesses in our competition can we attack?
• What new technology might become available for us
?
• What new markets might be opening up to us?
Weaknesses
• What are we poor at doing?
• Is our intellectual property outdated?
• What training does our workforce lack?
• What financial constraints do we have?
• What connections and alliances should we have, but
don’t?
Threats
• What might our competitors be able to do to hurt us?
• What new legislation might damage our interests?
• What social changes might threaten us?
• How might an economic cycle affect us?
23. As SWOT analysis
is made up of two
internal elements
(SW) and two
external elements
(OT) it is helpful to
use a structure to
give us a guide for
what should be
included
24. PRIMO-F
• it helps to provide a consistent framework for comparison and benchmarking
In terms of their
experience, their
leadership and the
controls in place in the
organization.
PEOPLE
Availability, utilization and
appropriateness (fit for
purpose.
RESOURCES
Number and source of
ideas innovation is being
considered and how they
are assessed.
INNOVATION
In terms of effort, focus,
effectiveness.
MARKETING
In terms of what systems
are in place, equipment,
productivity etc.
OPERATION
In terms of cash flow,
access to finance,
management etc.
FINANCE
The
PRIMO-F
Model
25. PESTLE
• it gives a bird’s eye view of the whole environment from different angles
These factors determine
the extent to which a
government may
influence the economy or
a certain industry.
POLITICAL
Determinants of an
economy’s performance
that directly impacts a
company and have long
term effects.
ECONOMIC
Factors scrutinize and
gauge the social
environment of the
market (cultural trends,
demographics, etc.).
SOCIAL
Factors pertain to
innovations in technology
that may affect the
operations of the industry
and the market.
TECHNOLOGY
Any current legislations
that regulate the industry
or can there be any
change in the legislations
for the industry.
LEGAL
Factors considered as
the environmental
concerns for the industry
(climate, weather,
geographical location).
ENVIRONMENT
The
PESTLE
Analysis
26. “The PRIMO-F model
and PESTLE analysis
is not in itself a solution –
but a tool to enable
that powerful tool of
SWOT to work
more effectively..”
30. University of Illinois Springfield (UIS)
UIS Strengths:
• U of I name
• affordable
• location in state capital
• small size
• full-time faculty teach most classes, and there is a strong bond and a high level of interaction between
faculty and students
• expertise in teaching non-traditional students
• comprehensiveness, quality, and growth of online education
• accessibility – day, night, online formats
• interdisciplinary and experiential education at both the undergraduate and graduate levels
• Capital Scholars Honors Program as a model of an integrated honors curriculum in a living-learning
community
• Faculty service to the university and the larger community.
UIS Weaknesses:
• underfunding in many departments and programs
• lack of financial support for faculty Scholarship
• thin on cultural/racial/ethnic diversity
• declining enrollment from the mid- to late-1990s, followed by uneven patterns of growth
• understaffing at many levels
• inadequate resources for recruitment, retention, advising, and marketing – all the things needed to
recruit and retain students
• lack of infrastructure – including physical, financial, and human resources; inadequate capital funds to
support all that we want to do
• underdeveloped campus life and facilities
• not enough undergraduate degree programs
