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Dr.amina ather surma
1. SURMA Dr Amina Ather Team Lead +91-9448207319 dramina.ifrtk@gmail.com mrsakram.hakim@gmail.com Facts, Myths, Traditions and Faith
2. We all love….. The chirping Birds , The blooming Flowers , The hitting waves at the sea shore, And the Sparkling eyes.
3. What is SURMA? Called as ‘kohal’ in Unani medicine terminology. Kohal is a sufoof (fine powder), A medicinal preparation used externally to strengthen the eyesight and to cure certain eye aliments.
4. Importance of SURMA in ISLAMIC History As a tradition, Muslims usually regard Surma auspicious and apply it daily in their eye especially before they go for namaz (daily prayers) before going to bed. They rub the surma stone on a hard surface like a tile or stone and apply the powder in their eyes with the right index finger.
5. ISLAMIC History… Surma is associated with Prophet of Mohammed (Prophet Musa or Moses), and according to the legend in holy Quran, when Prophet Moses on his journey to Madian (now known as Madina) crossed the sandy deserts in Saudi Arabia and reached the mountain Kohe-Tur, he perceived a brilliant light in the cold clammy weather. The thing, which looked like fire, was not fire in its real sense but it was the reflection of the glory of the God (Allah). It was a moment of great honor for Prophet Musa and he adamantly requested to view the presence of the lord. Then Allahgave a spark of his reflection, which was so bright and strong that Prophet Musa fell unconscious. Then forth it is believed that due to this spark of God’s reflection, the whole of mountain Kohe-Tur was charred and it is this charred stone which is used as Surma for eyes, in its powdered form.
6. Versus from the Quran: Chapter 9 Section 17 Surah Al-Araf Wa lammaa jaaa-‘a Muusaa li-mii-qaatinaa wa kallamahuu Rabbuhuu qaala Rabbi ‘a-riniii Anzur’ I-layk. Qaala lan-taraanii wa Laakininzur ‘ilal-jabali fa-inis- Taqarra makaanahuu fa-sawfa ta- raanii. Falammaa tajallaa Rabbuhuu lil-jabali ja-‘alahuu Dakkanw-wa kharra Muusaa sa- ‘iqaa. Falammaaa ‘afaaqa qaala Subhaanaka tubtu ilayka wa ‘ana ‘awwalul-Mu’-miniin. The exact meaning of the above verse goes as, “When Moses came to the place appointed by us, and his Lord addressed him, He said: “O my lord! Show (Thyself) to me, that I may look upon Thee.” Allah said: “By no means canst thou see Me (direct): But look upon the mount; If it abide, in its place, then Shalt thou see Me.” When his Lord manifested Himself to the Mount, He made it as dust, And Moses fell down in a swoon. When he recovered his senses he said: “Glory be Thee! To Thee, I turn in repentance, and I am the first to believe.”
7. Historical View The powder of the charred stones of Kohe-Tur Mountain in Saudi Arabia came to be known as Surma and is applied in the eyes as it is believed that its application brightens (strengthens) the eye-sight (vision) and causes the eyelashes to grow. Surma can thus be described as a greyish black coloured shiny stone, which is rubbed on the hard surface like stone or a tile. It is obtained from the mountain rocks, situated in Saudi Arabia and consists of mica, lead and graphite, which is available in the form of stone (shining bit) and is then made into a powder form The best quality Surma is the one, which is a hard stone and is rubbed on a hard surface into a powder for its application with a clean fingertip. In the Unani system of medicine, Surma after its purification is used for medicinal purposes.
8. Method of preparation Or Purification of Surma Immersed in rose water or ice cold water Surma stone is covered with goats fat and burnt into fumes Powered And Used A piece of sang –e- surma (surma stone) is covered with the goat fat and kept on a low fire till all the fat gets completely burnt into fumes. The sang-e-surma piece is then removed from the fire with the help of tongs and immersed in arkh –e- gulab (rose water) or ice water. The whole process is repeated thrice when we finally obtain the pure surma
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10. Pilot study conducted with 30 participants to evaluate the effects of SURMA A pilot study conducted with face to face interview of participants who have been using Surma as a tradition in urban Bangalore to evaluate the effect of Surma. Demographic data : No of participants: 30 Age range: 60-89 yrs Gender: Male
11. Face to face interview was done with the participants to evaluate the use of Surma , methods of using it and the regularity of its application. A formatted questioner was prepared to evaluate the values . The questioner had major questions to be of: Use of surma , its form of use: 1. Powder form which is been powdered by machine . 2. Rubbing the surma stone on a tile ,(earthen tile). 3. Rubbing of surma stone on a iron instrument. 4. Rubbing of surma stone on a stone.
12. Regularity of Application A grouping of regularity of application was further marginalized. The groups were : 1. Applied every day. 2. Applied once a week before jumma salat. 3. Applied once a month. 4. Applied twice a year on Eid-ul fitar and Eid –ul Adah.
13. Benefits of Application The participants who used it had the following benefits , They never suffered any conjunctivitis . Even till date they do not history of cataract. Their eye vision is not disturb. They do not have eye problems like glaucoma . They do not have problems of any sight defect. Ophthalmic Investigation These participants were examined for ophthalmoscope examination by the senior ophthalmologist of bangalore hospital and also certified them for good eye health .
