Mock questions for neet pg, usmle, plab, fmge (mci screening exam) on crao
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Revision with a Short Quiz of 12 questions based on NEET PG Sample Questions on Ophthalmology(CRAO ) from Previous Year NEET PG Online Exams. Also very useful for students preparing for USMLE , PLAB, FMGE /MCI Screening Entrance Exams
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Mock questions for neet pg, usmle, plab, fmge (mci screening exam) on crao
- 1. Q:1 Painless loss of vision is seen in all, EXCEPT: A: Papilledema B: Papillitis C: Angle closure glaucoma D: CRAO Correct Ans:C Explanation Acute angleclosure glaucoma is an ophthalmic emergency that causes severe visual loss without treatment. Symptoms include ocular pain, blurred vision, lacrimation, halos around lights, frontal headache, nausea, and vomiting. Causes of Sudden Painless Loss of Vision: 1. Retinal detachment 2. Vitreous haemorrhage 3. Retinal vein occlusion 4. Retinal artery occlusion 5. Wet age related macular degeneration 6. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy 7. Optic neuritis 8. Cerebrovascular accident 9. Papillitis 10. Papilledema Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:2 Sudden loss of vision is seen in following, except: A: CRAO B: CRVO C: Optic neuritis D: Papilledema Correct Ans:D Explanation Papilledema (choked disk) is usually a symptom of increased intracranial pressure caused by a mass, such as a brain tumor. The increased pressure is transmitted to the optic disk through the extension of the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve. Papilledema caused by a sudden increase in intracranial pressure develops within 24 to 48 hours. Visual acuity is not affected in papilledema, although the blind spot may be
- 2. enlarged. Ref :Chang D.F. (2011). Chapter 2. Ophthalmologic Examination. In P. RiordanEva, E.T. Cunningham, Jr. (Eds), Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 18e. Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:3 Fundus examination of a patient presenting with loss of vision revealed a Cherry red spot on the macula. What is he most likely suffering from? A: Retinitis pigmentosa B: Retinoblastoma C: CRAO D: CRVO Correct Ans:C Explanation Cherry red spot on the retina is seen in central retinal artery occlusion. Other retinal signs in this condition includes retinal oedema and segmentation of blood column in the retinal vein (cattle tracking sign). Patients often presents with sudden painless loss of vision. Reference: Comprehensive Ophthalmology By A K Khurana, 4th Edition, Page 255. Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:4 Which of the following condition is associated with Macular edema? A: CRAO B: Papilledema C: Diabetes mellitus D: Age related macular degeneration Correct Ans:C Explanation Cystoid macular edema occur following retinal vascular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy caused by diabetes mellitus and central retinal vein occlusion. It can also occur as a post operative complication following cataract extraction and penetrating keratoplasty, following intraocluar inflammation, as a side effect of adrenaline eyedrops and in retinal dystrophies. Must know: Cystoid macular edema:
- 3. It refers to collection of fluid in the outer plexiform layer (Henle’s layer) and inner nuclear layer of the retina centred around the foveola. It occur due to leakage of fluid following breakdown of inner blood retinal barrier. Ophthalmoscopy in this case shows honey comb appearence. Fundus fluorescein angiography shows flower petal appearence. Ref: Comprehensive Ophthalmology By AK Khurana, 4th edn, page 273 Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:5 Rubeosis iridis is NOT COMMONLY seen in: A: CRVO B: CRAO C: Diabetic retinopathy D: Neovascularization Correct Ans:B Explanation Rubeosis iridis or neovascularization of iris is a medical condition of the iris in which new blood vessels are found on the surface of the iris. It is associated with conditions which cause ischemia of the retina. Conditions commonly associated with rubeosis iridis are central retinal vein occlusion, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, ocular ischemic syndrome, ocular surgery complication and chronic retinal detachment. Rubeosis iridis may also be associated with CRAO but is less common than with CRVO. Ischemic diseases of the retina causes the release of VEGF which in turn stimulate angiogenesis. They can be seen on the iris, and it can also grow into the angle of the eye resulting in an increase in intra ocular pressure. Ref: Glaucoma Surgery edited by Ashok Garg, page 350, Ocular Angiogenesis: Diseases, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics edited by Joyce TombrainTink, PAGE 128. Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:6 Cherry red spot is seen in all of the following conditions, EXCEPT: A: CRAO B: Tay Sach’s disease C: Niemman pick’s disease D: Central retinal vein occlusion Correct Ans:D Explanation Cherry red spots of the macula are produced when ganglion cells filled with lipid degenerate thereby exposing the vascular choroidal tissue behind these cells. Central retinal vein occlusion is not associated with cherry red spot. In CRVO retina appears congested with large areas of flame hemorrhages.
- 4. Conditions associated with cherry red spot: Central retinal artery occlusion Tay sachs disease Farber’s disease Sandhoff’s disease Neimann Pick disease Goldberg’s syndrome Gaucher’s disease Gangliosidase GM1 type 2 Hurler’s syndrome Ref: Ophthalmology edited by Myron Yanoff, 3rd edn page 590 Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:7 Clinical examination of a patient shows ring scotoma. It is seen in the following condition: A: Papilloedema B: Macular edema C: CRAO D: Retinitis pigmentosa Correct Ans:D Explanation Annular or ringshaped scotoma is a typical feature of retinitis pigmentosa which corresponds to the degenerated equatorial zone of retina. As the disease progresses, scotoma increases anteriorly and posteriorly and ultimately only central vision is left (tubular vision). Eventually even this is also lost and the patient becomes blind. Ref: Comprehensive Ophthalmology by AK Khurana, 4th edition, Page 268269. Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:8 A female presented with progressive loss of vision during night since few months. Fundoscopy shows "bonespicule formation". Her two brothers and mother are also suffering with the same problem. Diagnosis is: A: Papilledema B: Macular edema C: CRAO D: Retinitis pigmentosa Correct Ans:D Explanation
- 5. Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of heterogeneous hereditary retinal degenerations characterized by progressive dysfunction of the photoreceptors, associated with progressive cell loss and eventual atrophy of several retinal layers. Inheritance of the typical form can be autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or Xlinked recessive. The hallmark symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa are night blindness (nyctalopia) and gradually progressive peripheral visual field loss as a result of increasing and coalescing ring scotomas. The most characteristic fundoscopic findings are attenuated retinal arterioles, waxy pale optic disk, mottling of the retinal pigment epithelium, and peripheral retinal pigment clumping, referred to as "bonespicule formation". Ref: Fletcher E.C., Chong N., Augsburger J.J., Corrêa Z.M. (2011). Chapter 10. Retina. In P. RiordanEva, E.T. Cunningham, Jr. (Eds), Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 18e. Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:9 Cattle track appearance in fundoscopy is due to? A: CRAO B: CRVO C: Retinitis pigmentosa D: Diabetic retinopathy Correct Ans:A Explanation CRAO REF: Elsevier Comprehensive Guide, page 628 Common fundoscopy findings: Condition Finding Optic disc coloboma Morning glory appearance CRAO Cattle track appearance CRVO Blood and thunder fundus Chloroquine toxicity Bull's eye maculopathy Quinine toxicity Cherry red spot Retinitis pigmentosa Waxy pallor of optic disc Bone spicule pigmentation Congenital syphilis/ Rubella Salt and pepper fundus Sickle cell anemia Rising sun sign CMV retinitis Mozzarella pizza fundus AIDS Cotton wool spots Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org
- 6. Q:10 Cattle track appearance in fundoscopy is due to? A: CRAO B: CRVO C: Retinitis pigmentosa D: Diabetic retinopathy Correct Ans:A Explanation CRAO REF: Elsevier Comprehensive Guide, page 628 Common fundoscopy findings: Condition Finding Optic disc coloboma Morning glory appearance CRAO Cattle track appearance CRVO Blood and thunder fundus Chloroquine toxicity Bull's eye maculopathy Quinine toxicity Cherry red spot Retinitis pigmentosa Waxy pallor of optic disc Bone spicule pigmentation Congenital syphilis/ Rubella Salt and pepper fundus Sickle cell anemia Rising sun sign CMV retinitis Mozzarella pizza fundus AIDS Cotton wool spots Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:11 Which of the following is not an ophthalmic emergency? A: Macular hole B: Retinal detachment C: CRAO D: Acute primary angle closure glaucoma Correct Ans:A Explanation Macular hole REF: Yanoff Ophthalmology 2nd edition "A Macular hole is a break in the central part of the retina (macula), causing blurred and distorted vision. While this can occur after trauma, it usually presents spontaneously. The treatment of macular hole involves surgery. While the repair of a macular hole is not an emergency there is a general consensus that repair should occur within 612 months after onset to maximize visual recovery" "Eye injury, retinal detachment, and central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) are among the most common ocular emergencies"
- 7. Following are ocular emergencies: 1. Acute infectious endophthalmitis 2. Acute primary angleclosure glaucoma 3. Infectious keratitis 4. Orbital hemorrhage 5. Retinal detachment 6. Foreign body 7. Orbital fractures 8. Corneal abrasions, lacerations, ulcers 9. Chemical burns 10. Ruptured globe 11. CRAO 12. Retrobulbar hematoma Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:12 Roth's spot is seen in? A: Infective endocarditis B: Typhoid C: CRAO D: Rheumatic carditis Correct Ans:A Explanation Infective endocarditis REF: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th ed chapter 118 "Roth spots are flame shaped hemorrhages with central cotton wool spots. They are caused by immune complex deposition and are seen in subacute bacterial endocarditis" "In the case of leukemia, the Roth spot is composed of a hemorrhage with a central aggregation of white blood cells" Feature of infective endocarditis: Fever Chills and sweats Anorexia, Weight loss, Malaise, Myalgias, arthralgias, Back pain Heart murmur, New/worsened regurgitant murmur Arterial emboli Splenomegaly Clubbing Peripheral manifestations (Osler's nodes, subungual hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth's spots) Petechiae Laboratory manifestations: Anemia, Leukocytosis, Microscopic hematuria, Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate >90, Elevated Creactive protein level
- 8. >90, Rheumatoid factor, Circulating immune complexes, Decreased serum complement Causes of Roth spots: Subacute bacterial endocarditis Acute leukemia Pernicious anemia Scurvy CO poisoning Post cardiac bypass surgery Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org Q:13 Painless loss of vision is seen in all except: A: Pappilodema B: Pappilitis C: CRAO D: Angle closure glaucoma Correct Ans:D Explanation Angle closure glaucoma Want To Solve More Such Question on Mobile without connecting to internet Download Our FREE Subjectwise Mobile Apps at www.medicoapps.org