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1
2
ไดโอด (Diodes)
 นำำไฟฟ้ำเพียงทำงเดียว
 มีขั้วไฟฟ้ำสองขั้ว
 แอโนด (anode) และ แคโถด
(cathode)
 ทำำจำกซิลิกอน
สัญลักษณ์ของได
โอด
p-type n-type
3
4
กำรเจือสำร (Doping)คือกำรเติมสำร
เจือ (impurities)
 สำรชนิดเอ็น (n-type)
 ได้แก่ ซิลิกอนที่ถูกเจือด้วยฟอสฟอรัส
(Phosphorous)
 พำหะไฟฟ้ำมีประจุไฟฟ้ำลบ

อีเล็กตรอน
 สำรชนิดพี (p-type)
 ได้แก่ ซิลิกอนที่ถูกเจือด้วยอะลูมินัม
(Aluminum)
 พำหะไฟฟ้ำมีประจุไฟฟ้ำบวก

Flapper Valve Analogy
5
6
คุณสมบัติของได
โอด
 การไบแอสไปข้างหน้า (Forward-
Bias Condition)
 นำาไฟฟ้าได้ดี
 การไบแอสย้อนกลับ (Reverse-Bias
Condition)
 ความต้านทานไฟฟ้ามีค่าสูงมาก
 กราฟ I กับ v ของไดโอด
 ไดโอดอุดมคติและไดโอดจริง
 “จุดโค้ง (Knee)” และ แรงดันไฟฟ้า
ของความเสียหาย(Breakdown
7
วงจรไฟฟ้าของได
โอด
 ตัวทำากระแสตรง (rectifier) :
อุปกรณ์เปลี่ยนรูปไฟฟ้ากระแส
สลับเป็นไฟฟ้ากระแสตรง
 ตัวทำากระแสตรงแบบครึ่งคลื่น
(Half-Wave Rectifier)
 ตัวทำากระแสตรงแบบเต็มคลื่น
(Full-Wave Rectifier)
 ตัวทำากระแสตรงแบบบริดจ์
(Bridge Rectifier)
8
9
10
วิธีการเปลี่ยนไฟฟ้า AC เป็น
DC ?
Voltage Regulators remove the ripple.
Diode
Rectifier
Smoothing
Capacitor
Voltage
Regulator
AC Input
DC Output
11
12
ไดโอดในอุดมคติ ?
 ไดโอดอุดมคติสามารถนำาไฟฟ้าได้
สมบูรณ์์ มีแรงดันไฟฟ้าลดที่ตกคร่อม
ไดโอดเท่ากับศูนย์ เมื่อทำาการไบแอส
ไปข้างหน้า (forward bias)… แต่ใน
ความเป็นจริงมีค่าแรงดันไฟฟ้าลด
ประมาณ 0.7 โวลท์
 …เมื่อทำาการไบแอสย้อนกลับ
(Reverse Bias) จะป้องกันไฟฟ้าไหล
ย้อนกลับได้อย่างสมบูรณ์ )… แต่ใน
13
อุปกรณ์ดิจิตอล (Digital
Devices)
 เกท(Gates) คือวงจรไฟฟ้ารวม
(Integrated Circuit, IC) ที่
มีอินพุทอยู่หนึ่งจุดหรือมากกว่า และ
ให้เอาท์พุทที่เป็น ฟังก์ชัน
ต่างๆของค่าทางอินพุท ได้แก่ AND,
OR, NOT…
14
ลอจิกทางดิจิตอล (Digital
Logic)
 ระบบเลขฐานสอง (Binary System) คือ
0 & 1, LOW & HIGH.
 ตารางพื้นฐานของเกท -- AND, OR, NOT
15
16
วงจรไฟฟ้ารวม
Integrated
Circuits (IC)
 เป็นอุปกรณ์ที่รวมเกทจำานวนหนึ่งตัวหรือ
มากกว่าบรรจุลงในชิพ (chip) เพียงแผ่นเดียว.
 แบบแผ่นกลม (Wafer), คล้ายลูกเต๋า (die)
Copyright © 2001 Fine Arts Photographics
17
DIP
pinout

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