The document is a reading comprehension exercise about schools and schooling. It includes multiple choice questions about short passages on various topics related to school. It also includes exercises to match vocabulary words to their definitions, fill in blanks with appropriate words, and complete sentences using grammatically correct verb forms. The passages and exercises cover a range of topics including school subjects, uniforms, daily schedules, and descriptions of teachers and classmates.

5. U n i t U j j ^
Schools and Schooling
i. Listening
Four people are speaking about their life at school. Listen, ф (1), and
match the speakers (1—4) with what they say (a—e). There is one
statement you don't have to use.
Statements
a) The student says that his/her teacher changed his/her
attitude1 to one of the school subjects.
b) The student says his/her test results were always worse
than his/her knowledge.
c) The student says his parents were surprised at his/her
marks in sciences.
d) The student says his/her father and mother liked their
child's results in school subjects.
e) The student says he/she was fond of his/her fellow stu-
dents as well as the teachers.
1 attitude ['aetitju:d] — отношение

6. Listen to the text "School Uniform", ф (2), and write answers to
these questions.
1. Do all schools in Britain have school uniforms?
2. Is the speaker for school uniforms or against them?
3. Why does the speaker say that a uniform saves1 time?
4. What doesn't the speaker like in school uniforms?
5. Pupils in Britain usually have to wear grey or black
trousers when they are at school, don't they?
6. Why does the speaker think jeans are the best thing for
a school uniform?
7. What uniforms in the speaker's view are good for the
summer?
1 to save [seiv] — зд. экономить

7. 8. Who thinks that everybody has to form1 their own indi-
vidual dress sense2?
п. Reading
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ® (3).
[bai'Dbc^i] ['forma] ['praimari]
['kemistri] [^eeBa'maetiks] ['глЬэ]
['dikjnri] ['fiziks] ['ju:mfo:m]
[litra^a] ['stAdiz] ['laudli]
fsizaz] t'peipa] [,felt'tip]
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ® (4).
a) age, backpack, chalk, examination, science, foreign, geo-
graphy, glue, noisy, paint, physical education, pencil
sharpener, pencil case, secondary, subject
b) a good education, my best schoolmate, a primary school,
a long ruler, to speak loudly, his exercise book, a fa-
mous college, a noisy street, to pay money, a lot of
glue, a pair of scissors
c) Yesterday we painted the walls of our classroom. This
school is the best place in the town to get secondary ed-
ucation. Joe doesn't know mathematics very well. Phys-
ics is a difficult science. My elder sister (brother) is
fond of linguistics. Lizzy took off her coat and entered
the classroom. We decided to talk our holidays plans
over. Secondary education is free in this country. He is
interested in stamps and has a good collection of them.
Are only children different?
Read the paragraphs of the text (a—f) and put them in their logical
order.
Going to School
a) We parted at the school gates, I joined my schoolmates
and my father went off. Ours was just a small village
school, with no rooms upstairs at all. There were about
1 to form [fD:m] — формировать
2 a dress sense [,dres'sens] — зд.: чувство стиля

8. sixty boys and girls in our school, and their ages went
from five to eleven. We had four classrooms and four
teachers.
b) The next day was Thursday, and before we set out for
the walk to my school that morning, I went around be-
hind the house and picked two apples
from our tree, one for my father and one
for me.
c) A teacher, called Captain [kasptin] Lan-
caster, taught the nine- and ten-year-olds
and my year too. He was an awful man.
(During the war against Hitler he was a
captain in the army.) He told us to call
him Captain Lancaster instead of just
mister. My father said it was an idiotic
thing to do. Millions of people wanted to forget those
military titles. Captain Lancaster was a violent man, and
we were afraid of him.
d) Miss Birdseye taught the five-year-olds
and six-year-olds, and she was a really
nice person. Mr Corrado took the seven-
year-olds. He was also a decent person.
He was a very old teacher, probably
sixty or more, but that didn't stop him
being in love with Miss Birdseye. We
knew he was in love with her because
he always gave her the bits of meat at
lunch when it was his turn to do the
serving. And when she smiled at him,
he would smile back in the most ro-
mantic way you can imagine.
e) At eight o'clock we started walking down the road to
my school in the pale autumn sunshine, eating our ap-
ples. I really loved those morning walks to school with
my father. We talked practically the whole time. Mostly
it was he who talked and I who listened, and just about
everything he said was interesting. He was a true coun-
tryman and knew a lot about all the trees and the wild-
flowers and the different grasses that grew in the fields.
f ) It is a most wonderful thing to be able to go out and
get your own apples whenever you feel like it. You can
do this only in the autumn, of course, when the fruit is
ripe but all the same how many families are so lucky?
Not one in a thousand, I guess.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.

9. Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or
not stated (NS).
Sack to School
The holidays were over. Dave,
Jenny and Debbie met in the
schoolyard.
Dave: We've got school on
Monday. Yuck!
Jenny: True. I can't believe
that just a few days ago I was
in the mountains in Scotland.
What about you, Dave? You
were somewhere in the sun.
Your face is very brown.
Dave: Yes. I was in Greece
with my parents. It was really
hot there.
Debbie: Were you by the sea?
Dave: Yes, we were. We stayed at a hotel near the beach.
Jenny: What was it like?
Dave: It was really nice and there was a fantastic open
swimming pool there. I can't tell you what I liked more —
swimming in the sea or in the swimming pool.
Jenny: You must be joking, Dave. Nothing can be better
than swimming in the sea. But Debbie, you didn't tell us
anything about your holidays. What were they like? Where
were you?
Debbie: I spent July with my grandparents in the country-
side. In August I was in Paris together with my cousins.
But we returned in the middle of the month.
Jenny: Why?
Debbie: They go to school in Berlin and they had to be
back there before the 18th August.
Dave: School in August? Yuck.
Debbie: Things do happen. But, honestly speaking, I feel
that I already miss school, and classes and our teachers.
Jenny: So do I. By the way, we are going to have a new
teacher, Miss Richardson.
Dave: Are we? What subject is she going to teach?
Debbie: How interesting! Is she young? WThere is she from?
Jenny: I can't answer all your questions, guys. I don't
know. But I'm sure on Monday we'll find it out.

10. 1. Dave stayed at a five-star hotel in Greece.
2. Jenny enjoyed her holidays in Scotland.
3. Jenny thinks that swimming in the pool
is worse than swimming in the sea.
4. Debbie spent the summer with her parents.
5. Debbie's cousins are pupils of a school
in Germany.
6. The friends' new teacher will be at school
on Monday.
Read the texts (1—4) and match them with the titles (a—e). There is
one title you don't have to use.
a) Fashion and Climate d) Angry and Surprised
b) Useful Advice e) Positive Changes
c) Not Wanted
1. After lunch the class received the news about going to
the Victoria and Albert Museum with enthusiasm. I told
them we were going there the following Thursday to-
gether with their biology teacher. Some of the pupils
wanted to know if Miss Jackson really had to come. I
understood that this teacher wasn't their favourite.
2. I soon understood that our classes with the new teacher
were quite different from Mr Florian's lessons. Every
day they were becoming more and more interesting. The
lessons were very informal, we could ask any question
and discussed lots of problems important for us. The
new teacher gave us much more than the textbook infor-
mation.
3. When I began my teaching career, dad told me not to
bring my pupils' works home. "It shows your poor plan-
ning, son," he said. "You'll find soon that you're busy
every night. Teaching is like having a bank account.
You should have new funds or you are in difficulties.
Every teacher should have a fund of ready information
and that means new ideas, new meetings, new discover-
ies, moving around among people."
4. One morning in our geography lesson we discussed the
type of dress people wore in different climatic zones:
Eskimos of Alaska and their dress of animal skins, peo-
ple living in the south and their thin cotton or silk
clothes. Larry said that many people in the tropics put
С
3

11. very little on and some of them just used a bit of paint
here and there.
1. 2.
4. Extra
SpeakingIII.
Read the poem with a dictionary and say if you feel the same as its
author. Why is it so or why is it not so? Is there any difference be-
tween what teachers can do and what pupils can do? What do you
feel about it?
Complaint1
(after A. AhIberg)
The teachers all sit in the staffroom
The teachers all drink tea
The teachers talk to each other
As cosy as can be.
We have to go out at playtime
Unless we bring a note
Or it's raining heavily
Or we haven't got a coat.
We have to do so many things.
Whether we like it or not.
And freeze to death if it's freezing.
And boil to death if it's hot.
The teachers can sit in the staffroom.
And have a nice little chat.
We have to do so many things;
Where's the fairness2 in that?
Speak about the system of education in Britain. Mention:
• the age people start schooling;
• the number of school years pupils spend at school;
- stages of education;
• if schooling is private or state, if it is free;
• subjects pupils do at school;
• school uniform;
• school exams.
1 a complaint [kam'pleint] — жалоба
2 fairness ['feanas] — справедливость

12. Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue. Act it out with your partner.
On Sunday Tracy talked to Betty on the phone.
Tracy: Hi, Betty! (l) What are you do-
ing?
Betty. I'm reading a really good book.
What are you doing?
Tracy: I'm phoning you.
Betty: Very funny, indeed, Tracy. And (2) ?
Tracy: Because I want to ask you to come to my house. Do
you remember we have to make a talk about my mountain
animals in our biology class?
Betty: Good idea! (3) ?
1 'г;:;-} (4) on Tuesday after school?
Bett; Must it be Tuesday? I always help my mum with the
shopping on Tuesdays.
Tracy: What about Wednesday?
No, (5) . I always go to the swimming pool
after school on Wednesdays.
T:*ai-; You can go there (6) . We have our biology
class on Thursday as far as I know. Betty, I don't think
you like my idea of doing the task together.
Betty. I do. But I don't like to go to
the swimming pool on Saturday.
There are so many people there.
Look, why don't we meet tomorrow?

14. Write the names of these things.
1. exercise 2.
book
10. 11. 12.

15. Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.
backpack, brushes, classmates, dictionary, foreign,
loudly, paints, paper, pencil case, pencil sharpener,
subjects, uniform
1. There are pens and pencils of different colours in my
pencil CQSe. 2. I must look this word up in the
3. Bring and
to your art class. 4. I need some
to write down your address. 5. I carry
my exercise books, textbooks and my daybook to school in
the . 6. Grace is a very good student.
She always has good and excellent marks in all the
. 7. Don't speak so ,
we can hear you well. 8. The students'
in this private school is elegant. 9. How many
languages do you know? 10. All my
are my good friends. 11. How much did
you pay for the ? It's really good. I used
it yesterday, and all my pencils became sharp in no time.
Match the names of the subjects and their definitions.
1. Biology a) the study of numbers and
shapes including algebra, ge-
ometry and arithmetic
3. Mathematics b> t h e subject that gives you
ideas about composers and
4. Physics their works
c) a class in which you exer-
5. Music c i g e y o u r bociy
6 Literature ^ science that deals with
energy, studies light,
7. English sound, electricity etc

16. 8. Computer studies
9. Physical Education
10. Geography
e) the science that studies coun-
tries, their people, climate,
oceans, rivers, mountains etc
f ) the scientific study of living
things
g) the subject that gives you
information about paintings,
sculptures etc
h) the subject that gives you
information about novels, po-
ems, plays and their authors
i) the study of computers and
the programmes for them
j) the subject in which they
give you ideas about the of-
ficial language of Britain and
the USA and some other
countries
k) the science which studies ele-
ments of the Earth and liv-
ing things on it, and how
they behave under different
conditions.
15
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=3
1. f _ 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11.
Write how many times a week you have these subjects.
1. History 7. English
2. Biology 8. Mathematics
3. Music 9. Russian literature
4. Art 10. Computer studies
5. Russian 11. Physical Education
6. Physics 12. Geography
l. I have History twice (two times) a week.

17. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Complete the sentences using the word combinations from the box.
a) piece of cake, b) piece of paper, c) piece of land,
d) piece of music, e) piece of cheese, f ) piece of chalk,
g) piece of butter, h) piece of meat, i) piece of work
1. Jane is writing with a piece of Chalk on the black-
board. 2. May I have one more
? It is very sweet and
tasty. 3. My parents bought
in the country. They are
going to build a cottage there. 4. There
That's a very good
are no mistakes in your test.
. 5. I would like a
to make a cheeseburger for Johnny. 6. Fred will
beautiful
need a to draw on. 7. What a
she is playing!

18. 17
1. little cheese 9. rubbers
2. glue 10. paper
3. boots 11. butter
4. classes 12. paints
5. rulers 13. brushes
6. juice 14. bread
7. milk 15. water
8. work 16. chalk
Use that or those to complete these phrases.
1. those boots 9. pair of trousers
2. mistakes 10. slippers
3. pair of shoes 11. pair of stockings
4. trainers 12. pair of mittens
5. gloves 13. jeans
6. pair of socks 14. pair of specs
7. scissors 15. spectacles
8. pair of leggings 16. pair of shorts
Choose the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the
sentences.
1. Mathematics (was/were) WOS my favourite subject last
year, now physics (is/are) . 2. There (was/were)

19. my granny's spectacles on the book she was read-
ing. 3. There (was/were) a pair of shoes in the
hall. 4. Linguistics (is/are) a very interesting sci-
ence. 5. Students should wear uniforms in this school. The
uniforms (is/are) very traditional: black skirts or
trousers, white shirts or blouses and black ties. 6. My
jeans (is/are) a bit too long. 7. His shoes (is/are)
not very clean. 8. His new pair of shoes (is/are)
fairly expensive. 9. Statistics (is/are)
a rather boring subject, as I see it. 10. I need a new pair
of leggings. My old leggings (is/are) very short.
Use the function words from the box to complete the sentences,
at, for, in, of(3), without, to(3), after, over
1. You can't work without a break. You will be too tired.
2. Is Jane going college school? 3. When
are the classes on Friday? 4. I'm going to pay
the chocolate dollars in the duty-free shop.
5. I'm not sure these facts. 6. Something very un-
usual happened Mr Carter when he was walking
through the park the other day. 7. Can you talk
Helen, please? She looks so sad. 8. John says he is tired
your constant lies. 9. what age do children
begin schooling in the USA? 10. We are fond this
beautiful piece of music.

20. Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words.
1. Who paid f o r the dinner? 2. What mark did Jack get
science last Thursday? 3. I don't know what hap-
pened them. 4. Brian became a university student
the age of seventeen. 5. What was Lily's mark
the last test? 6. I'm not afraid mice.
7. Are you sure the answer? 8. I'm going to write
my grandparents the evening. 9. In this
shop you can pay rubles, dollars and
euros. 10. I didn't see Mrs Loveday church
yesterday. 11. We are tired these boring exercises.
12. Listen me, please.
Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.
% 1. We know little about the system of educa- educate
tion in Canada.
2. Robert is a well-known , jump
a very good one indeed.
3. Little children like to make sandcastles on
I
beaches. sand
4. This is a very rule. use
5. Lizzy felt sad and because happy
she had nobody to play with.
6. People in Europe have Christmas
s in December.
7. I didn't understand why Greg greeted me
so
celebrate
19
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cold

21. 20
8. We didn't know anything about his
of badges. collect
9. The Mississippi is a great and
river in North America. power
10. What uniforms these of- beauty
ficers are wearing!
Complete the text using the derivatives of the words on the right.
Soon I understood I began to like my new
school. I didn't feel (1) unhappy any more.
All my classmates were quite (2)
My new (3) s explained the rules
and other things (4) well. I could
understand everything and very soon I became
really (5) . Practically all the les-
sons were (6) . Soon I made
friends with many girls and boys of my class.
At first I was rather (7) about
happy
friend
teach
fair
success
interest
critic
the clothes they were wearing. I thought their
skirts and jeans were (8) for suitable
school wear but then I understood they wanted
to look (9) from each other and I differ
just ignored their clothes.
Write American English words for these British English nouns.
1. autumn — fail
2. pupil —
3. holidays
4. football

22. Choose the appropriate verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. People often (say/tell) tell me about their problems.
2. Gwen doesn't (talk/speak) German very well.
3. Mr Brown was (speaking/talking) in front of
the school for half an hour. 4. My classmates and me often
(talk/tell) about our favourite TV shows. 5. Never
(tell/say) lies. 6. Try to (say/tell) the
truth. 7. I don't like physics very much. Everybody (says/
tells) it is a difficult subject, and I agree.
8. Could you (tell/say) us the time, please?
9. Garry (said/told) to me he wanted to visit
the USA. 10. Sam (said/told), "I want to see
Brussels."
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. I hope I'll talk him (back/into) into learning Chinese.
It is important for his job. 2. Never talk (back/out)
to your parents. 3. The journey to
Australia is very tiring1, let's talk him (out of/over)
it. 4. I don't understand what the programme
of his visit is. Let's talk it (out of/over)
5. I know that the expedition will be very dangerous. Let's
talk him (out of/over) taking part
in it. 6. Mike's parents should talk to their son. He always
1 tiring ['taiarir}] — утомительный

23. 22
talks (back/over) to his teachers. 7. There is a
very nice and fashionable dress in the local shop. I want to
talk you (into/over) buying it.
Match the sentences (1—8) with the situations where you can use
them (a—h).
1. How do you say
«точилка» in
English?
2. Shall I go to the
blackboard?
3. May I come in?
4. What do we have
to do next?
5. I'm sorry, I'm
late.
6. May I take my
seat now?
7. I couldn't come
to school yester-
day. I was un-
well.
8. I'm sorry, I
haven't got my
daybook with me
today.
a) Your lesson began 10 minutes
ago. You open the door and
come in. You say...
b) Your lesson began 10 minutes
ago. You open the door and
before entering you ask...
c) You are not sure what to do
after you finish your task.
You say...
d) You didn't come to biology
class yesterday. You want
to explain to your teacher
why. You say...
e) You left the book where teach-
ers put your marks at home.
You say...
f ) You are not sure if you should
leave your seat or can answer
from it. You say...
g) You are not sure if you can go
back to your seat. You say...
h) You do not know the English
equivalent for some Russian
word. You say...
l. h
5. 6. 7. 8.

24. You already know some English words with school as the first ele-
ment. Look up in the dictionary what some other words with school
as the first element mean. Write down their meanings in Russian.
1. schoolyard — ШКОЛЬНЫЙ ДВОр
2. schoolkid —
3. school friend —
4. school dinner —
5. school room —
6. schoolwork —
7. schoolbook —
8. school time —
How well do you know the English system of education? Complete the
sentences in writing.
1. English pupils start schooling at the age of five.
2. Primary education in England lasts
3. Secondary education in England lasts
4. Pupils in England usually leave school at ,
but some of them stay at school for 2 more years.
5. Most children in England do not go to private schools,
they go to .
6. English schools have no numbers, they
7. Parents do not pay for their children's education
8. English school year never begins
9. In primary schools pupils usually don't wear
but in secondary schools

25. 10. When primary school pupils are eleven, they go to
11. The English school year has terms.
12. Classes are over at
13. Pupils go to school days a week.
14. Pupils in English schools do subjects
a week.
15. Lunch break usually lasts
Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the
right.
It was autumn. The weather became (1) cold- cold
er and the days (2) . Anna dark
(3) to feel very tired. One day begin
she (4) back home from school. walk
Suddenly she (5) she couldn't feel
stand it any longer. (6) work at she
school was getting (7) and not bad
(8) . No matter what she good
(9) there were a lot of do
(10) in her tests and dictations. mistake
Use a/an, the or no article to complete these sentences.
1. The school in Apple Street is rather old. 2. My son is
still at school, he is going to college next year.
3. When do you go to bed? 4. My favourite bed in
the country house is bed near the window. 5. Many
families in the USA go to church on Sundays.

26. 6. Many churches are beautiful old buildings. 7. Our
house is opposite Baptist church. 8. Church of
England is very important in Great Britain. 9. On Sundays
I like to spend some time just lying in bed. 10. When
John became ill, they took him to hospital. 11. The
grey low building is not school, it's hospital. q
12. Where is Polly? — She is at work. 13. work
they have done is really successful. 14. Nelly goes to school
five days a week. 15. hospital where Doctor Far-
rel works is not very famous.
V. Writing
Describe your first day at school. Write what you did on that day
(8—10 sentences).
3
/

27. Write what you did yesterday before classes, after classes and in class
M (10—12 sentences).
26
С
з

28. See if you know the right answer2
.
1. In 1896, where were the first modern Olympics held?
a) France
b) the United States
c) GrBGCG * *
d) Russia
2. Which is the last letter of the Greek alphabet?
a) alpha
b) beta
^ omega < * P Л 6 О )
3. Which is not one of the five senses?
a) sight
b) touch
c) smell Г I ^ ^
d) speech
4. Who painted The Last Supper?
a) Leonardo da Vinci d) Bellini
b) Michelangelo c) Raphael
1 Use a dictionary for this section
2 See the answers on page 29

29. 28
С
5. Which of these stories did Hans
Christian Andersen write?
a) Red Riding Hood
b) The Ugly Duckling
c) Puss-in-Boots
d) The Boy Who Cried Wolf
The right answers are: 1. c, 2. c,
3. d, 4. a, 5. b.
H. Andersen
Here are two jokes mixed up. Put the lines (a—g) in the appropriate
order.
a) "Yes, I did, Doctor, I counted to 362, 493."
b) "Very good, Billy. Who was the boy?"
c) "No. It was time to get up."
d) "Well, Johnny, did you sleep last night? Did you count
sheep?"
e) "Me!"
f ) "On the way to school, a boy fell and everyone laughed.
But I didn't..."
g) "And did you sleep then?"
Joke 1 Joke 2
2.
3.
4.

30. U n i t f y j u
The Language of the World
i Listening
Listen to what the boy from Norway says about his trip to some Euro-
pean countries, ф (5), and decide which of the facts (1—7) are true
(T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
R 1iCopenhc
II
Berlin»
Ж л
29
С
Z5
1. The speaker and his friends are classmates.
2. The three friends are interested in football.
3. The three friends went to Copenhagen
to watch a football match.
4. It took the friends about half an hour
to find the Irish pub.
5. The boys could hardly understand Danish1.
6. The boys enjoyed their trip to Europe.
7. English helped them in all European countries.
1 Danish ['deinif] — датский

31. Listen, Ф (6), and decide which of the problems (1—5) Gienda Morri-
son, a linguist, doesn't speak about.
1. It's natural for people to have a "lingua franca".
2. Some European languages were a kind
of "lingua franca" at different times.
3. People use English nowadays in different
areas of our lives.
4. If your native language is dying out,
you must try and keep it alive.
5. Some people dislike the fact that English
is becoming the global tongue.
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ® (7).
['fDbu] [prs'nauns] ['ргоЬэЬН]
['endbs] [vau'kasbjubri] [ju:sbs]
['mirnir)] [faen'taestik] [di'vebp]
['dikjnari] [э:Н] [o:l'redi]
[pri'f3:] [saund] [Ш)]
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ф (8).
a) air, already, beginning, borrowing, carry, develop, dis-
like, even, ever, happening, meeting, speechless, chil-
dren, borrow, need
b) fresh air, a French borrowing, an unusual beginning, to
carry a suitcase, to develop slowly, to dislike swimming,
an awful story, to borrow a book, an endless meeting,
a fantastic sound
c) I have just finished doing my homework. Bob has read
a fantastic book. There was a yellow balloon in the air.
Sara has come to an important meeting. Can you pro-
nounce this sound, please? I have taken an English dic-
tionary from the library. They don't know any foreign
languages, so they speak their mother tongue. Could you
follow me? He hasn't read the letter yet. The student
has pronounced the new words slowly.

32. Read the text and answer the questions after it.
international Summer Camp
My name is Kate and this sum-
mer, in August, I was at the In-
ternational Camp in Germany,
where I studied German. We
lived in a small town of Stein
[stain], which is situated in Ba-
varia [Ьэ'уеэпэ]. We lived in sin-
gle or double rooms in the build-
ing of the castle. Most of the
day we spent outside, where the
weather was always warm and
sunny.
On the second day the lessons started. My teacher's name
was Norbert, he lived in Bonn. The lessons were never bor-
ing — even when we studied grammar. Norbert always
knew how to turn the rule into a game. Because there were
people from many countries in my group, I was unable to
speak Russian, and that helped my German greatly.
After school twice a week we had a special project lesson
(for example: I helped to write a newspaper). The rest of
the time we did fun activities. We did basketball, football,
tennis, karate, learned how to do belly dancing, swam in
the swimming pool, sunbathed, went to discos etc. Whatev-
er we did, it was interesting.
We also visited the Alps and took in the fresh air. What I
liked most about this trip were the cows, which I've never
seen so close before.
WTe went to big cities twice: first to Salzburg ['saeltsb3:g]
and then to Munich ['mju:mk]. They are really beautiful. In
Salzburg we visited Mozart's house, and in Munich — the
German Museum, the section of space and air travel.
It was really important for me in Stein to talk to people
from other countries. Because you don't often talk to
young foreigners in Moscow, do you? They were from the
USA, England, Wales, France, Spain, Venezuela [yeni'zweib],
Hungary, Morocco, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania and so on.
But Russians won — 18 of 96 were from our country.
I really liked my journey; I met a lot of interesting and
unforgettable people and probably became a little bit more
daring1. I am sure that life in a foreign country makes
people think in a different way. It makes them stronger
and more understanding.
1 daring ['deariq] — отважный

33. 1. When was Kate at the International Camp?
2. What did she do there?
32
3. Where did the students live?
D
4. What does Kate say about the lessons of German?
5. Why couldn't she speak Russian?
6. How often did they have project lessons?
7. What places in Germany did they visit?
8.Why does Kate says "but Russians won"? What does she
mean?
9. Why did Kate like her journey?
10. In what way has Kate changed?

34. Read the paragraphs (a—f) of the text and put them in the logical
order.
Learning a Language
a) "No wonder you can't do your homework," mama said.
"You put it off until you're too tired. You'll never
learn anything if you work like that."
That was exactly what I felt and I began crying. "I do
try," I cried, "but I'm not able to learn French!"
"Of course you can do it," said mama. "Look, if I help
you..." But I shouted, "No."
Mama smiled and said, "Well, I don't think you'll be
able to do any homework today. I have to buy some fish
for supper. Come with me and get some fresh air."
b) "All right," I said. We stayed for a while longer because
it was such a pleasant place to be.
"Nice to go out to tea with my daughter," said mama
at last and smiled. I smiled back.
The bill came and we understood there was not enough
money left for fish, but it did not matter.
After this the work did not seem quite so bad.
c) My name is Anna and I am living now in Paris which is
a beautiful city. We moved here half a year ago. I go
to a French school and have to learn French. I find it
very difficult. And we usually have a lot of homework
to do each day. History and geography teachers tell us
to learn texts by heart and to write essays, we also do
grammar exercises and all that in a language which
I still don't understand.
d) We sat down at one of the little tables.
"Look," said mama. "I know it's difficult for you and
I know you're tired. But what can we do? We're living
in France and you have to learn French."
"I get so tired," I said, "and I'm getting worse instead
of better. I think I'm just one of those people who can't
learn languages."
"That's nonsense, Anna," mama said. "You have done
very well so far. And you will learn French, I know you
will. I'll tell you what we'll do. It's only two months
till Christmas. Will you try just once more? If you feel
you still can't manage by Christmas, we'll do something

35. about it. I don't quite know what, but I promise you
I'll think of something. All right?"
e) One evening in my room I was looking at my homework
instead of doing it. I thought that my work was getting
worse and worse. In class I often knew the answers, but
it took me so long to translate them into French in my
mind that it was usually too late to give them. I was
really tired of trying. Suddenly mama came and looked
at my exercise book. It was maths. There was only one
word on the page — "Problems," nothing more.
f ) We walked down the street together without talking.
There was a cake shop next to the fish shop.
"We'll go in here," mama said to my surprise.
"I'll have a cup of tea and you can have a cake; then
we'll have a talk."
"Isn't it too expensive?" I asked.
"We can buy one cake," mama said.
1. С 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f),
a) often last longer than sixty minutes
b) like the air
c) an American linguist
d) except1 on very cold days
e) people create languages
f ) and it is not from Guinea2
English Is a Crazy3
Language
Have you got any problems with English? Does it
sometimes seem too difficult or illogical? Richard Lede-
rer, (1) , writes many inter
- кроме
- Гвинея
- сумасшедший, безумный

36. esting things about his native language. Here are some
of them.
Let's face it — English is a crazy language, the most luna-
tic of all languages.
In the crazy English language, blackboards can be green or
blue, and blackberries1 are green, then red and black only
in the end.
There is no egg in eggplant2, no grape in grapefruit, and
no room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple3,
and no ham in hamburger.
In this English tongue a guinea pig is not a pig
(2)
Language is (3) we breathe —
we just use it. But when we take the time to listen to
what we say, we find that hot dogs can be cold and we
can do homework at school. Hours — especially rush
hours — (4) , and most bath-
rooms don't have any baths in them but have showers.
Why is it that a king rules a kingdom but a queen doesn't
rule a queendom?
If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn't the plural of
booth4 be beeth?
1 a blackberry ['blaekbari] — ежевика
2 an eggplant ['egpla:nt] — баклажан
3 a pineapple ['painaspl] — ананас
4 a booth [bu:d] — будка
35

37. If people make olive, what do they make baby oil from?
If hard is the opposite of soft, why is hardly not opposite
of softly? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful
actions, why are shameful behaviour and shameless behav-
iour the same? Why are pricey1 objects less expensive than
priceless ones?
Why is it that the Sun or the Moon or the stars are out,
they are visible2, but when the lights are out, they are in-
visible3?
And in what other language can your nose run?
To tell the truth, all languages are a little crazy. That's
because (5) , not computers.
That's why six, seven, eight and nine change to sixty, sev-
enty, eighty and ninety, but two, three, four and five do
not become twonty, threety, fourty and fivety. That's why
we wear a pair of pants but, (6)
not a pair of shirts. That's why when I wind up4 my
watch, I start it, but when I wind up5 a speech or an es-
say6, I end it.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
1 pricey ['praisi] — дорогой
2 visible ['vizsbl] — видимый
3 invisible [in'vizsbl] — невидимый
4 to wind up ['waincLvp] — подводить (о часах)
5 to wind up — зд.: заканчивать
6 an essay fesei] — сочинение

38. Speak about English as a globai language. Use these word combina-
tions.
• can hear English everywhere
• English as a native tongue and
as a foreign language
• learn English at school
• the English-speaking countries
« speak English as their everyday
language
has a lot of borrowings from
other languages
• the words that came from
French and Latin
one of the richest languages of
the world
® the language helping to under-
stand people all over the world
May I ask you
something/
Speak about how English developed. Mention the following:
English in the 16th century (on the British Isles and on
the continent);
the importance of English nowadays;
• people's wish to learn English.
Describe some place you have visited (in Russia or abroad). Mention:
• what place you have visited;
• when it was;
with whom you went there;
• what places of interest you saw;
• what you liked/disliked there;
if you used English during your journey.

39. Complete the dialogue and act it out in class.
Discussing a Future Career
Charlie: So, Linda, you have decided to
go to university after school, (1) hjQVen't
you?
Linda: Yes. I think that a university is
important nowadays.
C-iarlie: True, especially, if you are cer-
tain about the kind of education you want to get.
•i^. Oh, I'm sure of it. I would like to be a linguist.
So, you are interested in languages, (2)
Linda: Very much so.
CharHe: But why (3) ?
Because languages are like living things, they grow
and develop. Some words appear, some disappear. People be-
gin to pronounce old words in different ways. Almost all
languages change. English is also changing.
Charlie: (4) ?
• nda. Yes, I'm going to study it scientifically.
Charlie: (5) ?
I mean that I would like to know when English ap-
peared, and how it has changed, how many people know or
learn it.
Everybody knows the answer to the last question.
Linda: Do they? And (6) ?
People learn it everywhere and speak English all
over the world. It's the global language of our planet.

40. Comment on these proverbs and sayings.
• You are a person as many times as the number
of languages you know.
• Who does not know another language does not
know his own. (Goethe)1
English is a trap2
for a foreigner.
Spell the words.
1. [tAT)] — tongue 9. [еэ] —
2. ['kaeri] — 10. [saund] —
3. [pn'fe:] — 11. [Dil'redi] —
4. [pra'nauns] — 12. [i:vn] —
5. [spi:lj] — 13. [neva] —
6. [probabli] — 14. [divebp] —
7. [ f o b u ] — 15. ['aunli] —
8. [greit] — 16. ['eabs] —
Use the new words from the box to complete the sentences.
borrow, develop, even, only, maybe, prefer,
probably, pronounce, speech, vocabulary
1. Are only children really special? 2. My little cousin can
hardly the sound [g]. 3. Languages like people
are born, change, and can die. 4. I had to
several rubles to pay for the dictionary, the
money I had wasn't enough. 5. If you read a lot, your
1 Goethe [ g3:ta] — Иоганн Вольфганг Гёте (1749—1832), немецкий поэт
2 trap [traep] — ловушка

41. becomes larger. 6. Do you
a strong cup of tea to a cup of coffee for breakfast?
7. I'll start learning French next year but
I haven't decided yet. 8. Mr Farrell's at the
opening ceremony was successful. 9. a child
knows that five coloured rings as an Olympic symbol mean
the Earth's continents. 10. yes,
no, rain, snow.
Write American English words for these British nouns.
BrE AmE
1. trousers
2. petrol
3. lorry
4. chips
5. cinema
6. film
7. sweets
8. lift
9. biscuit
10. jumper
11. pavement
12. chemist's
pants

42. Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. There are one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight
pages in Longman (Dictionary/Vocabulary) Dictionary of
the English language. 2. Our physics teacher gave us test
papers and asked us to hand them (in/out) on
Wednesday. 3. Could you hand (in/out) these gifts
to the children after dinner? 4. Mrs Thompson looked
through my notes and handed them (back/out) to
me. 5. "Rebecca, Mr Brian needs a Russian-English diction-
ary. Can you hand it (out/over) .?" 6. Wherever we
go, Paul (borrows/follows) us. 7. The pupil was
not sure (of/from) the word spelling. 8. They have
never been (in/to) Japan. 9. My little cousin al-
ready has the (dictionary/vocabulary) of 50—60
words. 10. The details of the future project are not clear.
Would you like to talk them (in/over) now?
Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sen-
tences.
1. The new show was really colourful and im- colour
pressive.
2. Mr Rogers stood for several sec- speech
onds, he did not know what to simple
say.
3. While reading, Gerald couldn't pronounce
several words correctly and the teacher asked
him to the text. read

43. 42
С
D
4. "Mike, you shouldn't be that
when you write s. You have
missed several words again!"
5. Susan Scott is going to become a
, she regularly goes to an art
care
dictate
school.
6. The sun was shining
blue sky.
in the
7. Professor Springle had a mixed
of joy and sadness at their final
8. They are indeed to live on this
fantastic island.
9. Mr Pullin saw rows of serious
faces in front of him.
10. Robert was a nice boy.
paint
bright
cloud
feel
meet
luck
smile
friend
Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.
In one of his stories Oscar Wilde said that the
English have (1) really real
everything in common with
(2) s, America
nowadays, except, of course,
language. That was (3) certain
a joke. But
Oscar Wilde speaking

44. (4) , do the English and the
citizens of the USA speak the same language or
(5) languages? Their grammar sys-
tems are practically the same, lots of words are
the same, but not all of them. The word "home-
ly" in (6) English means
(7) and in American English —
not very good-looking. There is a whole
(8) of such words. Sometimes the
same words have not the same (9)
serious
differ
Britain
please
collect
mean
s. For example the verb "to guess" is "to
think" in America. Yet, both the nations speak
the same language — English.
Write out international words from the box.
house, foreigner, play, football, banana,
word, grapefruit, orange, television, hockey, drama, pa-
per, primadonna, tennis, import, again, faucet, cousin,
coffee, medicine, physics, sports, vocabulary, motherland,
language, avocado, book, golf, progress, school, revolu-
tion, tragedy, circus, philosophy, computer, bookcase,
president, Internet
43
football

45. Use the following word combinations and write questions to ask your
friends.
if they have ever done it (to paint pictures, to play the
piano, to run a marathon)
• if they have done it this week (to ring their grandpar-
ents, to take some pictures, to visit a picture gallery)
if they have done it this month (to be to the theatre, to
give a talk in English, to begin doing morning exercises)
1. Have you ever painted a picture?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

46. 3. Rostov 4. Vologda
four Q f Write which of these Russian cities you and the members of your fami-
ly have visited and what cities you haven't been to.
ar-
1. Moscow 2. St Petersburg
6. Omsk5. Smolensk
8. Tver7. Vladivostok

47. 46
2.
3.
4.
5.
С 6.
3
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Write what Alice could say about these things. Use your Social English.
1. She likes the film very much. — I think the film IS
fantastic.
2. She didn't like the hockey match at all. —
3. She never eats porridge.
4. She never drinks milk.
5. She sometimes watches TV, but not often. Most of the
programmes are not interesting. —
6. She visits rock concerts whenever rock groups give
them. —

49. Make these sentences negative. Add the word yet to complete them.
1. We have written Exercise Ten. — We haven't writ-
ten Exercise Ten yet.
2. He has learned the poem by heart. —
3. I have given an apple to my sister. —
4. She has taken the books from Room Six. —
5. You have spoken to your English teacher. —
6. Grace has decided where to go.
7. We have borrowed some money from my granny. —
8. She has read "Gulliver's Travels". —
9. They have been to the bank. —
10. I have eaten my breakfast. —

50. 1.
'it-
Look at the pictures and write
a) what countries David has visited
l. David has visited Italy.
2.
49
С
"D
b) to what countries he has not been
3.
=

51. с) in what seas he hasn't swum
1.
2.
3.
e) what dishes he hasn't eaten
Volga Baikal
I 1 I I
1.
d) to what rivers and lakes he hasn't swum
borsch blyni sushki
1.
2.
3.
U

52. f ) what languages he has spoken
French
1.
3.
51
С
Write questions and ask your friend to answer them. You want to
know if he/she:
1. has spoken to his/her maths teacher — Have you Spo-
ken to your maths teacher?
2. has eaten his lunch —
3. has ever fallen from his/her bike —
4. has done his/her homework —
5. has ever swum in the ocean —
6. has begun doing the project —
7. has read "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy
8. has rung his/her parents —
9. has handed out the test papers —

53. 10. has run the 100-metres race1 —
11. has been to the Bolshoi Theatre —
12. has seen Red Square —
Write questions to the underlined words.
1. I have been to Africa two times. — How many times
have you been to Afпса?
2. Helen has seen some European cities. —
3. George has carried three bags downstairs. —
4. Chris has done his room very well. —
5. They have borrowed a lot of money. —
6. The Browns have moved to a three-room flat because
their old flat is too small. —
7. They have eaten the whole cake. —
8. They have written a very sad letter. —
1 a race [reis] — соревнование по бегу, забег

54. Rewrite the sentences using the adverbs in brackets in the appropriate
places.
1. I have used this information in my lectures (never). —
I have never used this information in my lec-
tures.
2. We have washed our jeans (already). —
3. He has decided to take chicken and rice (just). —
4. He has not planted any flowers (yet). —
5. Have they been to the museum (already)? —
6. Have they spoken to their parents (yet)? —
7. Has Linda seen mountains (ever)? —
8. I have eaten Greek food (never). —
9. You have come back (just). —
10. She has cleaned the windows (already). —

55. 54
С
Look at the pictures and write what they wanted to be as children
and what they have become.
1. Bob
2. Davis
3. Greg
4. Helen
5. Tracy
6. Robert
7. Alice
8. Steven
As children They have become
•A-JL

56. 1. As a child Bob wanted to be a doctor but he
has become a painter.
2.
3.
4.
55
С
D
5.
6.
7.
8.
Use already or yet to make up questions and write them down.
1. You want to know if your friend has already finished
packing his bag.
You ask: Have you finished packing your bag yet?
2. You can't believe your eyes. Your friend has already
finished packing his bag.
You ask:
3. You ask your sister to wash up after dinner. In ten
minutes you want to know if she has already done it.
You shout from the bedroom:
4. You ask your sister to wash up after dinner and leave.
In ten minutes you come back and see that your sister

57. is playing some computer game. You want to know if
she has already washed up.
You ask:
5. Your brother is doing his homework. You know that he
has a lot of exercises to write. In 20 minutes he says
he is going for a walk. You want to know if he has al-
ready done everything.
You ask:
6. Your cousin is cleaning the windows in your country
house. There are 5 windows in it. In half an hour she
sits down in the armchair and begins watching TV. You
want to know if she has cleaned all the windows.
You ask:
7. Your friend is not sure what to take for dinner in the
restaurant. You want to know if she/he has already de-
cided what to take.
You ask:
8. You want to know if your friend has already seen the
new film.
You ask:
9. You are surprised that your friend has so quickly
learned the poem by heart. You want to know if she/he
has already done it.
You ask:
10. You are interested if your parents have already given
the book to your teacher.
You ask:
Look at the table and write what rooms Brenda has done.
Chidren's
room
TV room Dining
room
Kitchen Hall
clean not very
clean
clean clean clean
Parents'
bedroom
Sitting
room
Play room Bathroom Father's
study
not very
clean
clean not very
clean
clean clean
I

58. 1. Brenda has done the children's room.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Use a/an or no article to complete these sentences.
1. I have just read such an interesting book! 2. It is such
clear water! 3. Penguins are such funny animals!
4. Jane has become such good actress! 5. W e have
never been to such expensive restaurant. 6. They have
never seen such tall building. 7. It was such un-
usual meeting. 8. Richard has given me such tasty
sweets. 9. His was such endless speech! 10. It is such
vast territory. 11. You can do nothing with such
children. 12. It is such big money! 13. This is such
helpful information. 14. We are having such
lovely weather today! 15. It is such lovely autumn day!
Complete the dialogues using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate
forms.
1. — You ever (be) to France? — Have you ever been
to France?
— Yes. I
— When you (be) there? — ?
— I (be) there last summer.

61. 60
See if you know the right answer1
.
1. What does the Greek prefix pyro- mean?
a) fire c) water
b) air d) land
2. Wrhat does the Greek prefix aero- mean?
a) air, gas c) more
b) fly d) none of the above
3. What does the prefix re- mean?
a) to do something twice c) to change what you've done
b) to do something again d) none of the above
4. What does the Greek prefix hyper- mean?
a) too small c) too bright
b) too slow d) too much
5. What does the prefix octo- mean?
a) having ten parts c) having eight parts
b) having nine parts d) having seven parts
The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. c.
Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
a) "Yes, Dad, I know that. But when he was your age he
was President of the United States."
b) "Ugh! This coffee tastes like soap."
c) "It's so bad, last night they caught a mouse trying to
phone out for a pizza."
d) "That must be tea, the coffee tastes like glue."
e) "You know, my boy, when Lincoln was your age he was
a very good pupil. In fact, he was the best pupil in his
class."
f ) "How's food in your school canteen?"
Joke I Joke 2 Л о к е 3
1.
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
See the answers on page 60.

62. . U n i t j j j y u u
Some Facts about
the English-Speaking World
i. Listening
Listen to the text about New Zealand, g) (9), and match its five para-
graphs with their titles (a—f). There is one title you don't have to use.
a) New Zealand Nowadays
b) Some Pages of the Country's
History
c) Different from All Other
Places of the World
d) The Land of the Ma-
ori
e) Geographical Position of the
Country
f ) Climate of the Country
2.
4.
3.
Extra
Listen to the text about Canada, ® (10), and decide which of the fol-
lowing is not mentioned in it.
1. The size of the country.
2. The country's geographical
position.
3. Some animals living on the
territory of the country.
4. A place of natural beauty
in Canada.
5. Some old Indian traditions.
6. The country's two big cities.
Tasman Sea
Pacific
Ocean
Stewart
Island

63. Reading
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ф О1
)-
[brcuntf] [in'kredabl] ['vaeli]
[jurka'liptss] [strelj] ['emptij
[la:f] [sa'praizd] [di'zi:z]
[plein] ffrendli] [I'kidna]
['p3:fikt] [фэ'раеп] ['dezat]
Read the geographical names, then listen and check, ф (12).
The USA Australia
Alaska Canberra
the Appalachians Great Australian Reef
the Colorado Melbourne
the Grand Canyon Perth
the Great Plains Sydney
the Mississippi Uluru Rock
the Niagara Falls
the Rockies
Washington, D.C. China
Texas Japan
Vietnam
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ф (13).
a) laughter, flow, womanly, Frenchman, coast, empty, bor-
der, destroy, lately, leaves, ugly, suddenly, emu, chain,
duckbill, journey
b) the border between two countries, a chain of mountains,
situated on the coast, to flow into the ocean, to look
perfect, to stretch as far as the eye can see, a desert is-
land, an empty territory, a journey home, to begin sud-
denly, to my great surprise
c) Lucy wants to have a room of her own. Suddenly we
heard a loud laughter coming from the nearby house.
Our long journey was full of surprises. They have lately
been to Japan with a friendly visit. From the top of the
mountain the valley looks incredible. He liked to look at
autumn leaves when they were falling to the ground. The
children have always wanted to visit the land of koalas
and eucalyptus trees. An endless desert was stretching in
front of our eyes. They destroyed the old market and
built several houses in its place. Into what sea does this
river flow?

64. Australia
Australia is a rich country and life there is good. Where
does its money come from? Sheep, cattle1, minerals, wheat,
fruit, and wine are some of the answers.
Sheep have been important since the earliest days. Most
Australian sheep are Spanish merinos. They appeared in
Australia in 1797. Merinos are strong animals and live hap-
pily (1) . Now twenty per cent of the world's sheep
live in Australia, mainly in the states New South Wales
and Victoria. Twenty-five per cent of the world's wool
comes from there.
Cattle stations (2) of the north and centre. The
meat from Australian cattle goes (3)
Gold made Australia rich in the 19th century. The country
also has oil, silver and other minerals. They bring lots of
money. But digging for minerals often destroys the land.
The states Western Australia and New South Wales
(4) . They sell it to the USA, China and Japan.
Australia grows other kinds of food too. In Queensland, the
1 cattle ['kaetl] — рогатый скот
Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f).
a) to countries all over the world
b) in warm dry places
c) do not work in factories or on
farms
grow a lot of wheat
are situated mostly in the drier
parts
it is less hot

65. state in the east of the country, they grow bananas. Fur-
ther south, where (5) , apples appear. And in re-
cent years Australia has been making very good wine too.
But Australia is like many other modern countries, because
now most of its workers (6) . Two-thirds of them
work in shops, offices, banks or schools.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
Read the paragraphs of the text (a—e) and put them in the logical
order.
M. Twain
Father of the Waters
a) Mark Twain was in love with the great river. He even
took his pen name from the call of the men on the
boats. They cried "mark twain" when they wanted to say
that the river was deep enough for their boats and safe
for sailing. Now we can still see steamboats on the Mis-
sissippi River. They look very much like the steamboats
in the pictures of Mark Twain's books.
b) A lot of big and important American cities are situated
on the Mississippi's banks. Memphis, the third largest
city in the country, is one of them. Thousands of tour-
ists come here to visit Elvis Presley's home. Elvis Pres-
ley was one of the icons of the 20th century. He made
rock'n'roll music very popular. The musician died in

66. 1977, but there are people who still call him the greatest
rock singer of all time.
c) Hannibal is a lot smaller than Memphis. In fact, it is
just a little town on the Mississippi River, but its name
is familiar to Americans and people in other countries.
Young Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) lived here from 1844
till 1853. He copied many of his characters from the
boys and girls he knew when he was a child. Mark
Twain's house is now a museum, and across the street is
the house of his sweetheart, Laura Hawkins. She became
the model for Becky Thatcher in his famous book about
Tom Sawyer and his adventures.
d) After travelling all the way through the United States
the great Mississippi ends in the Gulf of Mexico. This is
the place where New Orleans ['э:Нэпг] is situated. This
city is the home of jazz music and one of the most in-
credible places in the US. First it was a French city.
French culture is still here — in the style of cooking,
old buildings and some traditions. In New Orleans they
still celebrate the old French festival of Mardi Gras.
During this spring festival people dress in beautiful cos-
tumes, sing and dance in the streets.
e) The Mississippi River is the most important river in the
United States. Its name means "Father of the Waters".
Native Americans gave the river this name long, long
ago. The name shows their respect for the great size and
the power of the river. The Mississippi is 3,778 km long
and flows from the US state of Minnesota to the Gulf of
Mexico. In the place where the river begins it is so nar-
row that you can walk across it in 15 steps. But its wa-
ter is very clear and cold. By and by the river becomes
wider and more powerful.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or
not stated (NS).
Jackson Hole
Jackson Hole is a beautiful valley situated in the state of
Wyoming, USA. The place got its name from David Jack-
son, a traveller and a hunter, who once lived there. His
friends called it Jackson Hole because it really looked like
a hole in the middle of the mountains.

67. Jackson Hole is a popular holiday place. In summer
months, people go there to walk in the mountains, ride
horses, go fishing and boating on the rivers and lakes.
Many visitors cross the valley in boats on the Snake River.
It turns from side to side, like a snake. The water in the
river moves very fast and you have to be brave to travel
on it.
Jackson Hole still keeps its Old West traditions. There are
shops with cowboy hats and boots and cafes which look like
saloons of the American West. Holidaymakers can ride
horses or go to a rodeo [rau dei] to see traditional competi-
tions. The rodeo usually begins with a parade of cowboys
and horses. Then comes the competition. Riders try to stay
on a wild animal for eight seconds. They also ride wild
horses and large bulls [bulz]. The animals try to throw the
cowboys to the ground. The riders try not to fall off. An-
other thing that cowboys do is throwing a rope around a
young cow's legs. The cowboy who does this in the shortest
time wins.
People come to Jackson Hole from all over the world to en-
joy the best of cowboy and mountain culture.
1. It was David Jackson who gave the valley its name.
2. There are a lot of things people can enjoy doing in
Jackson Hole.
3. The Snake River is the longest in Wyoming.
4. It is easy to sail along the Snake River.
5. Horses help people to win in a rodeo.
6. Visitors from abroad come to Jackson Hole for
holidays.
Speak about the USA. Mention:
• the country's geographical posi-
tion;
•> the country's relief (mountains,
plains, lakes and rivers);
the climate;
• some places of interest;

68. ж
• some cities (including New York and Washington, D.C.);
• people and their traditions.
Speak about Australia. Mention:
• the country's geographical posi-
tion;
the climate and nature in dif-
ferent parts of the country;
• some places of interest in Aus-
tralia;
• the Australian Aborigines;
• some cities (including Canber-
ra);
• some of Australian curious birds and animals.
Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue and act it out.
You and your good friend have won at the city contest of
photographs. Your prize is a trip to the USA or Austra-
lia. You have to decide which of the two countries to
choose. Both of you are interested in taking pictures of
natural objects and want to travel together. Talk about
where to go. Give different arguments. Try to come to
some decision.
Complete the dialogue and act it out.
A- My greatest wish is to see the world,
travelling.
I'd like to go
B: Really? (1)
A: To some English-speaking country. I've already heard a
lot about them, so I'd like to see them with my own eyes.
B: It's a very good idea. (2)
A: I think I'll go to Australia first.
B: (3) _
[M]
Ж
A: Because it is such an unusual country.
Say as much as you can about the places of interest in English-speak-
ing countries.
Comment on the following proverbs.
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.
• So many countries, so many customs.

69. Spell these words.
1. [bra:nd — b r a n c h
2. [kaust] —
3. [di'z3:t] —
4. [di zi:z] —
5. [ju:ka'liptas] —
6. [dprni] —
7. [li:vz] —
8. [ W t a ] —
9. [aun] —
10. [plein] —
11. [!sevral] —
12. ['sAdnli] —
13. [sa'praiz] —
14. [Vaeli] —
15. [ ' A f l U ] -
Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.
1. Doing sport gives you a shapely body
and a lot of energy.
2. That day Anna looked in her
new light blue dress.
3. Have you ever tried real tea?
4. The place where we arrived was
beautiful.
5. To fight with girls is not
6. paintings look very different
from
7. The woman had a face and
shape
love
China
incredible
man
Japan
Europe
kind
the children decided to ask her for help.
8. Mark Twain is one of the most popular
writers. America

70. 9. This mighty river flows slow
through the plain.
10. The Sea is a part of the Norway
Arctic Ocean.
Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.
The early (1) Europeans in America lived Europe
on the East Coast. To the west, behind the
line they called the "Frontier", the land was
full of (2) dangers. know
It was the land of (3) s, or Na- India
tive Americans. The pioneers moved farther
and farther west until they reached the Pa-
cific Ocean and the frontier was there no
longer. But the idea of the land of
(4) cowboys and brave man
(5) s became part of the hunt
(6) dream. A lot of people America
still believe that if you are strong and
(7) , you can go to the land of skill
(8) plains and (9) end, rock
mountains and find your (10) happy
there.
These sentences have factual mistakes. Rewrite the sentences to make
them correct.
1. Washington, D.C. is a city of skyscrapers. — N e w
York is a city of skyscrapers.
69
r+
w

71. 2. The aborigines are the native people of America. —
3. Most of Australians live in the north of the country. —
4. The Grand Canyon is situated in the Appalachian Moun-
tains. —
5. New York is the capital of the USA. —
6. Sydney is the capital of Australia. —
7. One of the Australian animals whose babies come from
eggs is a koala. —
8. The USA borders on Canada in the south and on Mexico
in the north. —
9. Death Valley is the lowest and the coldest place in the
USA. —
10. One of the most beautiful things you can see on the
Great Plains of the US is the Uluru Rock. —

72. Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words.
1. Yesterday our teacher gave out some pictures and asked
us to describe them in English. 2. the southeast Rus-
sia borders China. 3. We all laughed the funny
cartoon. 4. Young children must travel only the back
of the car. 5. I know how difficult it is to do sport but,
please, don't give . Sport is good your health.
6. When I asked my question, he looked me sur-
prise. 7. The secret room was situated the back of the
house. 8. I took out the key but my surprise the door
was open. 9. The Mississippi River flows the Gulf of
Mexico. 10. I always give books . to the library
time.
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. Many rivers (fly/flow) flow into the Pacific Ocean.
2. The volcano lava (flew/flowed) down
the hill. 3. The beautiful birds (were flying/ were flowing)
over the water. 4. They (flew/flowed)
to Sydney early in the morning. 5. (May-
be/May be) we can listen to this song
again, it's lovely. 6. They (maybe/may be)
the most friendly people I've ever met. 7. Jane says she
(maybe/may be) a little late for the begin-
ning of the show. 8. (Maybe/May be) the
71
<Z
Z5

73. story will surprise you but everything I'm going to say is
true.
Match the words in the two columns and use the word combinations
to complete the sentences.
1. incredible j a) road incredible journey
2. great b) coast
3. laughed c) surprised
4. several d) journey
5. pleasantly e) loudly
6. southeast f ) leaves
7. lonely g) surprise
8. autumn h) times
1. We went to East Africa and, believe me, it was an in-
Credible journey. 2. They lived on the
of Florida enjoying the sunshine and the ocean.
3. They brought some colourful
from the park to decorate the living room. 4. When I
showed Colin my pictures, he but
said nothing. 5. To my they gave
us everything we asked for. 6. Everyone feels uncomfort-
able on a at night. 7. I've seen
this film , it's one of my favou-
rite. 8. They were to find that
the hotel was so comfortable.

74. Use the definite article with the geographical names where necessary.
1. t h e Appalachian Mountains 9. Lake Badwater
2. Potomac River 10. Alaska
3. Melbourne 11. Uluru Rock
4. Grand Canyon 12. USA
5. Hawaii 13. Australia
6. Sahara Desert 14. Death Valley
7. Rockies 15. Atlantic Ocean
8. Colorado River
Complete the text with the articles a or the where necessary.
(1) T h e Dead Sea is really not (2) sea at all,
but (3) salty lake. It's nine times saltier than
the ocean. (4) Dead Sea is three million years
old. There is no life in (5) Dead Sea: its water
is too salty for (6) fish or (7) plants
to live. (8) Dead Sea is (9) lowest
place on earth. It's very deep. Its depth is 378 metres. Salt
crystals are everywhere on (10) shore, they look
like (11) ice. Water flows into (12)
Dead Sea from several rivers, but does not flow out.
(13) climate of this territory is sunny and
dry. It has 330 full days of (14) sunshine
(15) year.

76. fish. 8. It (got/has got) dark about an
hour ago. It's time to go home. 9. The other day we sud-
denly (found/have found) the museum we
wanted to visit. 10. Mary (just had/has just had)
her lunch, she isn't hungry any more.
Use the verbs in brackets in the right tenses — past simple or present
perfect.
1. I (meet) met Linda just now. She was talking to our
teacher. 2. It's the second time Sally (read)
this story. She likes it a lot. 3. Jason
(buy) a new dictionary the other day. He
is already using it. 4. Colin (just break)
his bike. That's why he looks so sad. 5. My sister (eat)
Chinese food several times, but I (never
do) it. 6. It's the first time he (spend)
a month at the sea. He loved it. 7. The
other day we (find) a lovely cafe and
(have) tea there. 8. Some years ago the
family (have) a small cottage at the sea-
side. 9. The children (already leave) home,
they are on their way to school. 10. My friend (send)
me several e-mails today. 11. That day
they (hear) the good news and (go)
home at once. 12. Sam (not tell)
us about his plans yet. I think he'll do it later.

77. Complete the sentences with gone or been.
1. Where is your grandad? — He
has just gone to visit his friend.
2. They haven't to
Australia yet, they are planning to
go there in the spring. 3. Where has Anna ?
— I don't know. She may be in the market. 4. They've
just to Hawaii. Ask them about the place.
5. Has she ever to an English-speaking coun-
try? 6. My brother isn't at home. He's to the
swimming pool. 7. All my classmates have to
the Pushkin Museum, but I haven't. 8. Luke has just
out. Please call him back later. 9. The family
has abroad on holiday. They'll be back home
in September. 10. Have you ever to Lake Bai-
kal? You should go there one day.
Use the articles a/an or the to complete the sentences.
1. Among the tourists there was a Canadian and two
Americans. T h e Canadian spoke English and French.
2. Japanese are a very hard-working nation. 3. He
was Englishman but lived in Spain most of his life.
4. The say that French know a lot about good food
and cooking. 5. Is your friend Chinese? — No, she is
Vietnamese. 6, Chinese have a very interesting

78. old culture. 7. Mike was Australian but everybody
thought that he was American. 8. He said he was
German, not Austrian.
Complete the sentences as in the example.
1. Most of the AtTiZncanS live in America and speak Eng-
lish. 2. Most of live in Germany and
speak 3. Most of live in
England and speak . 4. Most of
live in and speak Norwegian.
5. Most of live in and
speak Japanese. 6. Most of the British people live in
and speak 7. Most of
the Italians live in and speak
8. Most of live in Rus-
sia and speak . 9. Most of
live in and speak Vietnamese. 10. Most of
the Australians live in and speak
Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on
the right.
1. It is the first time James has been one, be
abroad. Let's ask him what he feels.
2. Autumn has come. The are leaf
beginning to fall off the trees.
3. It is the building I've ever incredible
seen.
77

79. 4. Where are the Wilsons? They spend
their holidays at the seaside.
5. This time Jane's laughter was
than before.
6. When I saw James last, he
his favourite book.
7. My friend is Kate, but I
love Anna and Nina too.
8. Melbourne was the
visited in Australia.
9. My cousin is learning
city they
, he
can already say a few phrases in it.
10. Oslo is the capital, it's a
great place to visit.
kindly
read
good
three
China
Norway
people with brown skin and tattooed bodies.
They were (3) hunters and sol-
Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the
right.
The Maori people are the
original people of New
Zealand where they settled
about 1000 years ago.
When Captain Cook and
his (1) men arrived in New Zealand in
1642, they (2) there tall, strong
man
meet
good

80. diers than the Europeans but they were also
warm and friendly people. They lived in
wooden houses and had wooden boats. They
(4) birds and (5)
and (6) sweet potatoes for food.
The Europeans (7) guns, ciga-
rettes and diseases that were new to the
Maori, and many of (8) died.
Today, most Maori (9) their
lifestyle but Maori culture is still very
strong. Many schools teach Maori language
and train the children in the ways of (10)
grandfathers.
Writing
Read the text "The Lion Country" and write 10 questions you would
like to ask to know more about the country.
catch, fish
grow
bring
they
change
they
V.
2 he Lion Country
The Republic of Singapore [(siija'pD:] is a small island nation
in Southeast Asia. Singapore is also the name of the coun-
try's biggest island and its capital city. A legend says that
a prince named the island Singapura, meaning "lion city",
because he thought he saw a lion there.
79
С
=3

81. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Your friend has just come back from Australia. Write 10 questions you
may ask him/her.
1. You want to know if he/she liked the country. — D i d
you like Australia?
2. You want to ask what places he/she visited and if he/
she liked them. —
3. You are interested in what the weather was like at the
time of his/her visit. —
4. You'd like to know what Australian birds and animals
he/she saw. —
5. You want to ask if the people were friendly. —

82. 6. It is also interesting to know if he/she met any native
Australians and what they were like. —
7. You'd like to know if Australian English is very differ-
ent from British English. —
8.
9.
10.
Write a letter or an e-mail to your pen friend. Explain to him/her why
it is important for people from different countries to know each other
better.

83. See if you know the right answer1
.
1. What causes a volcano to erupt?
a) magma b) water
c) dust d) none of the above
2. WThich holiday in the US do they celebrate on the fourth
Thursday of November?
a) Thanksgiving Day b) New Year's Day
c) Christmas Day d) Flag Day
3. Which is the second largest ocean in the world?
a) Pacific b) Atlantic
c) Indian d) Arctic
4. Who explored the South Pacific in the 1700s?
a) Magellan b) Christopher Columbus
c) James Cook d) Roald Amundsen
5. Where is Grand Canyon National Park?
a) Texas b) California
c) Arizona d) Florida
The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c.
Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
a) "Yes, sir, they're not very good swimmers."
b) "Well just eat the cheese and leave the holes on the side
of your plate."
c) "Sit down, sir — we serve anyone."
d) "Waiter, there's a dead beetle in my soup."
e) "Waiter, do you serve crabs?"
f ) "I don't like cheese with holes."
Joke 1 Joke 2 Joke 3
1. 1. 1.
2» 2, 2%
1 See the answers on page 82.

84. Unit j - ^ i J j 1
Living Things Around Us
Ж
I. Listening
Listen to the text about New Zealand, ® (14), and decide which of
the facts (1—6) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
1. The kauri1 is the main
material to build houses
in New Zealand.
•2. Kauri trees grow in North
Island.
3. There are a lot of wooden
houses in Wellington.
4. All kauri trees have names.
5. The kakapo parrot lives only
in New Zealand.
6. The kakapo parrot weighs more than any other bird
in New Zealand.
Listen, ф (15), and decide which of the facts is not stated in the text.
1. Kiwi birds are not very
big birds.
2. For a long time kiwi birds
did not have any enemies
on the land where they lived.
3. Kiwi birds are disappearing.
83
С
=5
4. The kiwi is the bird that is the symbol of New
Zealand.
1 the kauri ['kauari] — название известного новозеландского вида деревьев

85. 5. It is not easy to see kiwi birds because of their
colour.
6. It is possible to say that kiwi birds are night
birds.
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ф (16).
Read the names of animals and plants and the word combinations
with them, then listen and check, ф (17).
a) an ape, a beetle, a blackbird, a butterfly, a monkey,
a caterpillar, a dragonfly, an insect, a ladybird, a lizard,
a magpie, a nightingale
b) a strong ostrich, a wise owl, a funny penguin, a white-
and-brown pigeon, a tiny robin, a noisy seagull, a long
snake, a grey starling, a fast swallow, a hard-working
woodpecker, a white moth
c) a beech, a bluebell, a daffodil, an elm, a lily, a water
lily, an oak, a pine, a shamrock, a sunflower, a thistle
d) a tall beech, an old pine, a fantastic lily, a wonderful
bluebell, a strong oak, a water lily in the pond, spring
yellow daffodils, tall elms in the forest, under the pine,
sunflowers in the field
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ® (18).
a) another, human, close, enjoyable, everyone, fur, hide, in-
cluding, similar, someone, soil, species
b) a twin brother, to be close to the relatives, to be curious
about plants growing in rainforests, including insects, es-
pecially domestic animals, common birds, similar prob-
lems, a spacious office, to breathe in deeply, an unusual
species
c) He has paid for all of us. We have never had anything
in common. Pirate Jack has hidden the money, no one
will be able to find it. Different species of animals live
in rainforests. Her parents supported her till she was
fbreikabl]
['kjuariss]
[I'spejali]
['rein(fDrist]
[bri:6]
[in'klurdir)]
[ds'mestik]
['murvabl]
[,saian'tifik]
[twin] ['simib]
[sa'port]
['rebtiv]
['speijas]
[haid]

86. twenty-one. A narrow river flows down this beautiful
valley. We have been to Canada but never to any other
English-speaking countries.
Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or
not stated (NS).
C h a r l e s D a r w i m H o w It A l l B e g a r s
At the age of 19, Charles Darwin went to Cambridge Uni-
versity to study religion, but he didn't like it. He didn't
spend much time on books, what he loved to do was col-
lecting beetles.
Finally, something happened to Charles that changed his
life. A friend invited him on an expedition on his ship the
Beagle. Without any clear idea about what he wanted to do
with his life, Charles joined the expedition.
The voyage began on the 27th of December, 1831. It was
a five-year expedition to incredible faraway places. Charles
was not really a scientist and he felt terribly seasick but
he still had a wonderful time on his voyage. He had
a great chance to study lots of plants and animals.
When the Beagle arrived at the Cape Verde [v3:d] Islands
in the Atlantic Ocean, Charles saw a tropical forest for the
first time in his life. And he was surprised by the great
number and variety of animal species. He started to collect
butterflies, spiders, beetles, shells — he loved everything.
Charles decided to become a scientist.
Three years later, in 1935, the Beagle landed at the Gala-
pagos [galaspsgss] Islands where Charles saw giant tortoises
and other interesting animals. Charles found that each of
the islands had its own kind of tortoise. The animals on
different islands were a little different. Charles thought
that it was strange. At that time people believed that every
animal species looked the way God made it.
Darwin came home from his five-year adventure and began
working hard. So much to do, so many questions to an-
swer. He later said that the two years after his voyage
were the busiest in his life. Charles started writing a book.
He also started to think about the Galapagos animals and
what he called the "transmutation of species", the slow
changing of one species into another. Now we call it "evo-
lution".
1. Darwin was not a good university student.
2. Darwin knew why he wanted to go on the
expedition.
I
3. Darwin enjoyed the expedition.

87. 4. When Darwin arrived at the Galapagos Islands,
he already knew what he wanted to do
professionally.
5. In London Darwin began to collect material for
his book.
6. Darwin never used the word "evolution".
Read the texts (1—6) and match them with the titles (a—f). There is
one title you don't have to use.
a) People's Relatives
b) They Are Fairly Different
c) Important Part of the Body
d) Origin of the Name
e) The Best-known Species
f ) Their Habits
1. The word lemur [!И:шэ] comes from the Latin word
meaning "a ghost". Perhaps this is because they move
about silently at night and have large mysterious eyes.
2. Lemurs have lived on the planet Earth for a very long
time, but you can find them only in two places on the
island Madagascar (millions of years ago, the island of
Madagascar broke away from the continent of Africa)
and the nearby Comori Islands.
3. Some people think that lemurs belong to the family of
squirrels or cats. But the truth is, they are more close
to us, humans. They are primates.
4. Lemurs have big, bushy tails that wave in the air as a
form of communication. These big tails also help them
balance when they jump from tree to tree. But lemurs
don't hang from trees by their tails, as some monkeys
do. Some species of the lemur have longer tails than their
bodies.
5. There are many kinds of lemurs. They come in different
colours and sizes. The smallest species weighs only 30
grams. The largest species weighs 10 kilograms. In the
past there were also very large lemurs which weighed
240 kilograms, but they have all died out.
6. Lemurs live and move about in groups. They like to sleep
during the day and are active during the night. They eat
nuts, fruits and berries. Sometimes they also eat insects.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. Extra

88. 8 Read the text and answer the questions after it.
Gerald c-wrrei: the Friend of AH Animals
Gerald Durrel, a popular British writer and the author of
brilliant books about animals, was born in India in
1925. His mother often joked that his first word was "zoo".
When he was three years old, his family moved to Eng-
land, then to the Greek island of Corfu — to get away
from the terrible English weather. With his mother, his
sister Margo, and his brothers, Leslie and Larry, Gerald CI
spent five years on the island. That was the start of his D
long career as an animal expert.
They lived in an old villa. One day Gerald found a big
scorpion in the garden wall. The scorpion had lots of light
brown babies on her back. He put them into a matchbox
and hurried home. It was time for lunch, so Gerald put the
matchbox on the shelf... He began his meal, and forgot
about his new pets. He suddenly remembered about them
when he heard a noise from the sitting room. He ran there
and saw his brother Larry with an open matchbox in his
hand. And the scorpions were free!
Larry shouted "Help!", the Durrels' dog went wild and the
servant dropped a plate. The scorpion and her babies ran
all over the room. Gerald had to catch them with a tea-
spoon, and put them back in the garden wall.
In 1939, the Durrels moved back to London because of the
war. At the end of the war Gerald got a job in Whipsnade
Zoo where he started looking after the lions and other ani-
mals.
On his 21st birthday Gerald decided to go on expeditions to
collect wild animals for British zoos.
Back home in England he kept a lot of animals — mon-
keys, squirrels, frogs and others — in his sister's garden.
Gerald's brother Larry asked him to write about his jour-
neys and voyages to different places. This is how Gerald
Durrel became a famous writer. The title of one of his
most famous books is "My Family and Other Animals".
Questions
1. When and where was Gerald Durrel born? —
2. How many brothers and sisters did he have?

89. 3. When did he first come to England?
4. Why did the family move to Greece? —
5. How long did Gerald live on Corfu? —
6. What did Gerald find in the garden wall one day? —
7. Why did his brother Larry shout when he opened the
matchbox? —
8. When did the Durrels go back to England? —
9. Why did they do it? —
10. How did Gerald begin writing books? —
111= Speaking • « « ^ ^ e e s s »
A. Read the poem. What is its message?
The Wayfarer1
The beauty of the world has made me sad.
This beauty that will pass;
Sometimes my heart has shaken with great joy
To see a leaping2 squirrel in a tree,
Or a red ladybird upon a leaf,
1 a wayfarer ['wei.feara] — путник, странник
2 to leap [li:p] — прыгать, перескакивать

90. Or little rabbits in a field at eve-
ning,
Lit by a slanting1 sun.
And then my heart has told me:
These will pass,
Will pass and change, will die and
be no more,
Things bright and green, things young and happy;
And I have gone upon my way
Sorrowful2.
Pddraic Pearse3
B. Work in pairs. Discuss the poem. Consider the following:
• feelings the poet has and why he has them;
• the three types of wild animals which have given him
joy;
• the things the poet's heart has told him;
• if the lines in the poem rhyme4, if it is always impor-
tant;
• if you sometimes feel the same.
Speak about flora and fauna of the place where you live. Say:
^ ^ • in what part of Russia you live;
• what weather is typical of this place in winter and in
& summer;
• what plants, trees and flowers grow there;
what wild birds and other animals live there;
• what people do and should do to protect5 the flora and
fauna in your area.
Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out.
The Pet
Honald: Have you got a pet, Phil?
Phil: (1) Yes. I have. It's a dog.
Donald: What is its name? How old is it?
1 slanting ['slarntirj] — клонящееся к закату
2 sorrowful [ sDraofl] — печальный, горестный
3 Padraic Pearse (1879—1916) was an Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer,
and political activist who was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in
1916. Following his execution along with fifteen other leaders, Pearse саше
to be seen by many as the embodiment of the rebellion.
4 to rhyme [raim] — рифмоваться
5 to protect [pra'tekt] — защищать

91. Phil: (2)
Donald: So, it's a grown-up dog, not a puppy. (3)
90
С
3
Phil: I've had Pirate since he was born, for five years al-
ready. It's a pleasure to have a dog and a great responsi-
bility1 too.
Donald: (4) ?
Phil: I mean that you must look after your pet, feed him
regularly, take the dog out, play with him and train him.
Donald: (5) ?
PhiL I do. I regularly take Pirate to the vet, usually twice
a year. Dogs may have health problems and it's important
to keep them fit.
Comment on these proverbs. Can you find their Russian equivalents?
• Birds of a feather flock together.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
An eariy bird catches the worm.
Use of English
Spell the words.
1. [bri:5] — breathe
2. ['kjuarias] —
3. [I'spejli] —
4. [,saian'tifik] —
5. ['simila] —
6. fspi:Ji:z] —
7. [in'klurdirj] —
8. ['hju:man] —
9. ['ostritf] —
10. ['rebtiv] —
11. finsekt] —
12. ['кшпэп] —
13. [sa'po:t] —
14. ['ргфэп] —
15. ['naitirjgeil] -
16. [wud] —
1 responsibility [r^spDnss bilsti] — ответственность

92. т
Correct the names under the pictures where necessary.
4
oak 5. bluebell 6. shamrock
1. poppy
daffodil
2. tulip 3. elm
10. fir 11. beech 12. lily of the valley

93. Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.
especially, similar, shamrock, breathe(2), close,
scientific, hidden, curious, species, included, humans,
relative, bluebell
1. A clover leaf with three parts is a shamrock. It is an
emblem of Ireland. 2. A is not a bell of
blue colour, it is a flower. 3. I came to my doctor. He
asked me to in and then to
out through the nose. He wanted to listen to my heart and
lungs. 4. Where have you my keys? Why
have you done it? 5. Be careful when you
cross the street here. It's a dangerous place. 6. Rodger, is
Uncle Harry your _ ? 7. Although the girls
were not twins, their shoes and dresses looked
8. Everyone was about
the new student. 9. Men, women and children are
10. Do wolves and dogs belong to the
same of animals? 11. We
not only our relatives but some of our
friends on the list of guests. 12. All of the pupils have to
do experiments in Chemistry classes.
Write the names of
1. five (or more) animals of white colour

94. hare (in winter),
2. five (or more) flowers of white colour
D
3. five (or more) insects that can be black
4. five (or more) birds or animals that are grey
5. two (or more) animals that change their colour

95. Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sen-
tences.
up, out(2), for, off, from, behind,
till, about, to, in
1. My sister and me have always been very close to each
other.
2. He is really ill. He has been breathing coal
dust1 for many years.
3. It's now very common young people to use gad-
gets wherever possible.
4. Mrs Wilson prefers to hide sad news her nu-
merous relatives.
5. Johnny, do you think you have hidden the
door? I can see you very well, dear.
6. How long is she going to support her children? — I
think they should begin working.
7. I have always been curious plants and animals
that live and grow in the ocean.
8. The doctor asked me not to breathe for several seconds
and then to breathe
9. Actors usually make before going on stage.
10. He is too far away. 1 can't make what he is
saying.
11. I wanted to speak to Mr Stevenson but he made
when he saw me.
1 coal dust — угольная пыль

96. A. Form adjectives with the suffix -able from the words below.
II. Noun+аЫе = AdjectiveI. Verb+able = Adjective
1. break — breakable
2. enjoy —
3. read —
4. move* —
1. fashion —
2. comfort —
5. understand -
6. imagine* —
7. wash* —
8. compare* —
9. advise* —
3. knowledge —
4. pleasure* —
5. honour* —
6. value* —
7. memory* —
8. reason* —
95
С
15
10. suit* —
Look up the words with the * symbol in the dictionary. Have you
written the words correctly? If not, correct them. Write what the
meanings of these words are.
Write what the meanings of these words are.
1. imaginable —
2. washable —
3. comparable —
4. advisable —
5. suitable —
6. pleasurable
7. honourable
8. valuable —
9. memorable
10. reasonable -
Use 12 different words from exercise 18 and write б word combina-
tions and б sentences with them.

97. 9.
10.
11.
Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sentences.
1. Ostriches' powerful legs are by far the power
biggest of any bird and can be over
1.2 m long.
2. Long ago my father taught me the names
of all the trees and wildflowers and the
grasses that grow in the differ
fields.

98. 3. My father told me that a nest with eggs
in it was one of the most
things in the world.
4. Once I found a nightingale's nest with
six small eggs in a
place in the middle of the field. I thought
it was and of
the bird to build its nest on the ground.
But they always do it.
5. During my early years I never had a mo-
ment's or
6. The where we lived was
far from the part of the
town.
7. Once on a day in winter
I saw a white hare running
in front of me.
8. My father was the most
and father any boy ever
had. He was a wildly
person. And he was a fantastic storytell-
er. My favourite story was "The Big
Giant", or "The BFG for
beauty
grass
danger,
care
unhappy,
ill; build
centre
snow
quick
wonder
excite
fun
97
С
=5
friend
short'

99. 9. I spent an morning in enjoy
the forest watching birds and listening
to their singing.
10. Be , dear, the vase
you're holding is
care
break
Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text.
Dogs and fish make (1) fantCES- fantasy
tie pets. They have something
in common but they are quite
(2) . Both are (3
animals to
watch. Dogs like performing (4)
tricks. They run and jump and follow you.
Bright, (5) (6)
fish are fun to
watch. They swim in their tanks
and look just (7)
You can play with a dog. Dogs are
true friends. Fish are not.(8)
On the other hand, fish are (9)
and don't need any (10) care.
differ
wonder
usual
colour
tropic
beauty
real
expense
medicine
A. English people often use word combinations with the noun "earth".
What do you think they mean? Write their Russian equivalents down.
Look them up to see if your guess was right.
1. I'm going to travel round the world. — Oh, come down
to earth, it's too expensive.

100. 2. What on earth1 are you doing here? You should be al-
ready at school!
3. Why on earth have you done this? Why have you
thrown away the flowers?
99
4. Why on earth are you trying to change the situation? q
It's impossible! —
5. Who on earth has decided it?
В. Write 5 sentences with the phrases: who on earth, what on earth,
why on earth, how on earth, to come down to earth.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. Some more people are coming. I think we'll need (anoth-
er/other) another chair, please. 2. I can see only three
1 Предложения со словосочетанием on earth используются в эмоциональ-
но окрашенной речи.

101. 100
с
D
photos. Where are (others/the others) ?
3. Some metals are magnetic (others/the others)
aren't, are they? 4. Can I have (another/other)
piece of cake, please? 5. We decided to (fly/
flow) to Paris, though the weather is not very
good. 6. Anna, can you tell (others/the others)
that I'll be late. 7. This is my native (ground/land)
and I love it. 8. The (land/Earth)
goes round the Sun. 9. It was autumn and the leaves were
falling down onto the (ground/soil) . 10. One
of your shoes is under the sofa, but where is (other/the
other) ? 11. Don't believe her. She has made
the whole story (off/up) . 12. The (soil/ground)
near the coast is stony, not sandy. 13. Why
should you make (off/up) so heavily when you
go to school? It's not appropriate. 14. They made (off/out)
with our television and stereo. 15. It was very
noisy in the room and I couldn't make (off/out)
what the speaker was saying.
A. Rewrite the sentences using the pronouns from the box instead of
those in the sentences.
someone, anyone, everyone, no one
1. Somebody has stolen my bike. — Someone has stolen
my bike.
2. Nobody will be able to do that. —

102. 3. Does anybody remember this word?
101
С
D
6. Irene told me she was not in love with Robert but with
somebody else. —
7. Nobody can help me. —
8. Not everybody has got that much money. —
Make up and write 4 sentences with each word from the box.
4. Is there anybody who doesn't understand what to do? —
5. They need somebody like you, somebody who understands
business methods. —

104. a very strange sound a minute ago. 5. We
never (have known/knew) these facts. Can
you give us some details? 6. This year they (have won/won)
two gold medals. 7. I (haven't forgotten/
didn't forget) your lie, and I will never
forget it. 8. When he was a child, he (has dreamt/dreamt)
to become a naturalist, but, you know, in
the end he (has become/became) a journal-
ist. 9. I (have made/made) coffee. Would
you like to join me for a cup? 10. Sorry, dear, I (haven't
meant/didn't mean) to offend you.
11. Larry (has put/put) the disk on the
desk a minute ago. Where is it now?
Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the
sentences.
1. Tree kangaroos live in the New Guinea1
forests. Their tails are longer than the
bodies.
2. The mountain forests of northwest America
have the and the and
the trees on the Earth,
they, long
3. Some of birds and animals which
live in the tundra all the year round change
colour. Arctic foxes, snowy owls,
old, large
tall
species
103
С
О
1 New Guinea [!gini] — Новая Гвинея (государство)

105. snowshoe rabbits, stoats1 and arctic hares
turn white in late autumn, and they
change back to summer colours in they
spring.
4. The you go up a mountain, the high
it gets. cold
5. Different animals in the savannah eat dif-
ferent. Giraffes feed on branches high in
trees; antelopes feed on branches. 1owt
6. A desert is an area which has than little
25 cm of rain, and very little plant life.
7. Many that live near the water fish
surface2 are often blue, green or violet.
1 a stoat [staot] — горностай
2 a surface [ s3:fis] — поверхность a stoat [staut] — горностай

106. 8. Bamboo in India, the Far grow
East and China. It is one of the j
growing plants, fast, it
height [hait] can be about 30 me-
tres.
9. The living thing on the large
Earth is the giant redwood tree,
growing in the USA and Canada.
The tree is 112 m high.
This is much than the stat-
ue of Liberty in New York, which
at 93 m.
tall
tall
stand
%
Compiete the text using the appropriate forms of the words on the
right.
Major
Part I
One day my father came home and
(1) brought a small kitten with him.
(2) name dad (3) was Major.
Major was just a skinny, mewing kitten with
a tail like a mouse's. In a few months he (4)
fairly bigger and stronger. He
was really the (5) cat in
the block. When he (6) in the
yard, all othercats suddenly (7)
become
brave
appear
run
105
С
D

107. off. Every day Major (8) our
106
С
ZJ
house for several hours. I loved Major and
(9) proud of my cat.
Part II
One day my dad asked me, "You (1)
any changes in Major's behaviour?
The cat (2) with us for about a
year, but look, how fat he (3) !"
I agreed. Every day Major (4)
(5) and (6) And he
(7) much more. My dad smiled,
"Probably (8) cat will end up
the (9) cat in the town."
One night I (10) little strange
sounds, "Peep, peep." They (11)
from my closet. It was the middle of the
night and I was very sleepy, but the sounds
(12) . I (13) up and loo-
ked into the closet. Boy, what I (14)
there? You won't believe, but
(15)
there
Major and five tiny baby kittens.
leave
be
notice
live
become
get
fat, fat
eat
we
big
hear
come
not stop,
get; see
be
Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in present perfect
or in present perfect progressive.
1. It (snow) has been snowing all morning. And it is still
snowing. 2. It just (stop) snowing.

108. Look, how beautiful the trees are. 3. Jane (play)
volleyball professionally for several
years. 4. I'm sorry I'm late. How long you (wait)
? 5. Where is Ann? — She is up-
stairs, cleaning her bedroom. She (do)
flowers since 9 a.m. I don't know if she (plant)
all of them. 8. Hello, Betsy! What
on earth are you doing here? — I am trying to find
an English-French-Spanish Dictionary. I (look)
for it all morning. 9. My cousin
(learn) German for five years but
he can hardly speak this language. 10. I (not see)
Albert for more than a month.
11. Ron (read) this book for two
months. When do you think he will finish it?
Read the sentences and write in which of them the action expressed
by present perfect progressive has finished (F) and where it is still go-
ing on (G).
1. Justin has been playing the piano for an
hour already. G
2. My hands are dirty because I've been planting
flowers in our garden.
3. — I'm really tired, Chris. How long are we going
to stay in this shop?
— We have been doing shopping since morning.
107
it since morning. 6. I (read) ^
the story up to the end. I can't say I like it a
lot. 7. Sue is in the garden. She (plant)

109. 4. — Why are your hands green?
— I have been painting the benches in our
garden.
108
5. You have been working on the computer for
3 hours. Don't you think you need a break?
6. Olga's sweater is too small for her. She has
been wearing it since she was ten.
7. I have been listening to you for half an hour
but you haven't even begun answering the
question.
8. The children have been writing a test for nearly
an hour. I hope they will finish it soon.
Writing
Write greetings cards to your friends and relatives. Social English Sec-
tion can help you.
1. It is the 31st of December. You are writing to your par-
ents.
Happy New Year, dear Mother and Father!
Your son/daughter... .
I? 0)
2. Your brother Tom has his birthday tomorrow.
<»o
<5
o'
0)
of
Y
3. It is the 8th of March. You are writing to your Aunt
Rachel.
»(0
0)
Of

110. 4. Your cousin Victor has become a figure skating champion.
,0 __ __ ___ __
5. It is the end of September. International Teacher's Day
is coming soon. You are writing a card to your favou-
rite teacher.
6. It is Easter tomorrow. You are writing to your granny.
7. You are writing to a friend who is going to take part
in swimming competition.
PГо о
8. It is the 24th of December. Your pen friend Archie lives
in London. You are writing to him.
*
9. Tomorrow is Mother's Day. You are writing to your
mother.
109
С
D

111. 33 Your friend is going to a party. You hope he will have a nice eve-
ning. Write what you can tell him/her before saying "goodbye".
110
С
D
И
1. _
2.
3.
Why national parks are important. Write 8—10 sentences.
VI. Just for Fun ibToWoYoTca
An anagram faensgraem] is a special word. You can form it using all
the letters of another word. (Example: SALT is an anagram of LAST.)
Match the pairs of anagrams in the columns.
1. cheat a) nails
2. chain b) skate
3. waste c) teach
4. snail d) china
5. takes e) sweat
Make and write anagrams from each of these words.
1. diver — drive 2. bleat —
3. dense — 4. feast —

112. Unit
The ABC of Ecology
Blue Whale
1. Brian's presentation was
a) very good
b) fairly good
c) rather poor
2. The blue whale
a) has died out
b) can disappear as an animal species
c) is a common animal
3. Brian is interested in the ecology of the ocean because
a) there are too many things people don't know about
oceans
b) he likes blue whales
c) the blue whale is an endangered species
4. Blue whales
a) have been living on our planet for 110 years
b) have lived on the Earth longer than other animals
c) belong to those animal species that have very long
lives
1. 2. 3. 4.

113. 112
С
Z5
Listen to the text, ® (20), and decide which of these facts are true
(T), false (F) or not stated (NS) in it.
1. Ecological problems have become some of the
most important now.
2. People all over the world are trying to solve
this problem.
3. During the last two centuries the problem of
pollution has become worse.
4. People are trying to keep their environment
clean and beautiful.
5. Only big radical steps can help to protect
our environment.
6. The text gives examples of only those rules
that help to stop pollution.
II, Reading
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ф (21).
['nesssri] [ri'sponsabl] [prg'tekjn]
[in'vaiarnmant] [bi'heivja] ['deemic^]
[weist] [sa'vaiv] ['haebitaet]
[э'тлг)] finfluans] [p3:sn]
[di'skAmfat] [ik'stigkt] [рэ:]
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ф (22).
a) nature, unpolluted, payment, disbelieve, endanger, pollu-
tion, disagree, enjoyment, law, member, dump, protect,
factory, habitat, among, movement
b) between you and me, the beauties of nature, the prob-
lems of the environment, to survive in the ocean, to pro-
tect wildlife, to pollute the environment, to turn into a
rubbish dump, necessary for our health, to be responsible
for other people, to recycle glass, plastic and paper
c) I'd like to know more about the endangered species of
animals living on our planet. Air pollution damages for-
ests. People would like to live in an unpolluted world.
What is necessary to save our environment? Everyone
hates dishonest behaviour. Don't waste time, help Mother
Nature now. That old film had a great influence on me.