Currencies of five Asian nation and African nation and their comparative analysis of the factors affecting their appreciation or depreciation.

1. Presented by :
Debashish Sahu 16010121082
FIVE ASIAN AND AFRICAN
NATION,THEIR CURRENCY
AND THE COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS

2. Currency Exchange Rates
 Currency exchange rate is the value of a unit of
currency of a country with respect to a unit of other
currency or the rate at which one currency will be
exchanged for another.
 For example, an interbank exchange rate of 65.05 INR
to the US Dollar means that ₹65.05 will be exchanged
for each 1 US$ or that US$ will be exchanged for each
₹65.05.

3.  The currency depends on:
 Political Conditions of a country
 Economic Conditions
 Inflation/Deflation
 Central Bank’s Interest Rate (In India, it is RBI’s
interest Rates)
 Trade with other countries in that currency.

4. Five of the Asian countries are as
follows:
 INDIA
 CHINA
 JAPAN
 ISRAEL
 SINGAPORE

5.  Indian rupee is the official currency of
the Republic of India.
Issuance : Reserve Bank of India
Printer : Reserve Bank of India
Users: India (official),
Bhutan, Nepal(Unofficial)

6. • Over the past 10 years the rupee has devaluated from 40 INR
per USD to 65 INR per USD

7. Gross Domestic Product Inflation

8.  India has been recording sustained trade deficits since
1980 mainly due to the high growth of imports,
particularly of mineral fuels, oils and waxes and
bituminous substances and pearls.

9. • Interest Rate Trends For The Past 10 Yrs

10.  The renminbi is the official currency of the People's
Republic of China. And "Chinese yuan" is widely used to
refer to the renminbi. Where Yuan is basic unit of
renminbi.
 Symbol for renminbi is “ ¥ ”
 Official user(s) : China
Unofficial user
Hong Kong
Macau
Mongolia
North Korea
Myanmar
Vietnam
Zimbabwe

11. • Trend of Chinese Yuan over the past 10 years .(CNY/USD)

12. Chinese GDP Grows 6.9% in 2017
 The Chinese economy expanded 6.8 percent year-on-year
in the last quarter of 2017, the same as in the previous
three months and beating market expectations of 6.7
percent.

13.  China's trade surplus narrowed sharply to USD 20.34
billion in January 2018 from USD 50.21 billion in the
same month a year earlier and way below market
consensus of USD 54.1 billion.

14. • China's consumer prices rose by 1.5 percent year-on-
year in January of 2018, after a 1.8 percent rise in the
prior month and matching market consensus. It was the
lowest inflation rate since July 2017 as cost of non-food
grew at a slower pace and cost of food fell further.

15. • In China, interest rates decisions are taken by The Peoples'
Bank of China Monetary Policy Committee. The PBC
administers two different benchmark interest rates: one year
lending and one year deposit rate.

16. The yen is the official currency of Japan.
 It is the third most traded currency in
the foreign exchange market after
the United States dollar and the euro.
Symbol for Japanese yen : ¥;
Code: JPY (also abbreviated as JP¥).

17. • The trade gap in Japan decreased to JPY 943 billion in
January of 2018 from JPY 1092 billion a year earlier and below
market expectations of JPY 1002 billion.

18.  The Japanese economy advanced 0.1 percent on quarter in the
three months to December of 2017, following a 0.6 percent
expansion in the previous period
 The unemployment rate in Japan dropped sharply to 2.4 percent
in December of 2017 from 2.8 percent in the prior month and
below market consensus of 2.7 percent.
 Consumer prices in Japan rose by 1.4 percent year-on-year in
January of 2018, after a 1.0 percent gain in the prior month
while markets estimated 1.3 percent.
 The Bank of Japan left its key short-term interest rate
unchanged at -0.1 percent at its January 2018.

19. o Interest Rate in Japan averaged 2.86 percent from 1972 until
2018, reaching an all time high of 9 percent in December of 1973
and a record low of -0.10 percent in January of 2016

20.  The Israeli new shekel also known as simply the Israeli
shekel and formerly known as the New Israeli Sheqel (NIS),
is the currency of Israel and is also used as a legal tender in
the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza
Strip.
 Sign : ₪;
 Code : ILS
 Central Bank : Bank of Israel

21. • The Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) in Israel
expanded 0.90 percent
in the fourth quarter of
2017 over the previous
quarter. GDP Growth
Rate in Israel averaged
0.95 percent from 1980
until 2017, reaching an
all time high of 4.30
percent in the second
quarter of 1984 and a
record low of -1.10
percent in the first
quarter of 1986.

22.  Unemployment Rate in Israel decreased to 3.70 percent in
January from 4 percent in December of 2017.
 The inflation rate in Israel was recorded at 0.10 percent in
January of 2018 increased from in −0.2% (2016).
 Interest Rate in Israel averaged 5.72 percent from 1996 until
2018, reaching an all time high of 17 percent in June of 1996
and a record low of 0.10 percent in February of 2015.
 Israel recorded a trade deficit of 1131.20 USD Million in
January of 2018. Balance of Trade in Israel averaged -463.12
USD Million from 1959 until 2018, reaching an all time high of
113.80 USD Million in May of 2009 and a record low of -2334
USD Million in October of 2012.

23. • Imports in Israel decreased to 5985 USD Million in January from
6411.60 USD Million in December of 2017.
• Exports in Israel increased to 4853.80 USD Million in January
from 4576.30 USD Million in December of 2017

24.  The Singapore dollar is the
official currency of Singapore. It is divided into
100 cents.
 It is normally abbreviated with the dollar
sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other
dollar-denominated currencies.
 Sign: S$
 Code: SGD

25. • The Singapore economy grew by a seasonally-adjusted
annualised basis of 2.1 percent.
•GDP Growth Rate in Singapore averaged 6.84 percent from 1975
until 2017, reaching an all time high of 36.60 percent in the first
quarter of 2010 and a record low of -13.50 percent in the fourth
quarter of 2008.

26.  Consumer prices in Singapore were flat on the
year in January of 2018, following a 0.4 percent
increase in the prior month and compared to
market expectations of a 0.4 percent rise.
 The benchmark interest rate in Singapore was
last recorded at 0.83 percent.
 Singapore's trade surplus soared to SGD 5.14
billion in January of 2018 from SGD 3.32 billion
in the same month a year earlier.

27. • Balance of Trade in
Singapore averaged
819 Million SGD from
1964 until 2018
•And reaching an all
time high of 8482.86
Million SGD in March
of 2015 and a record
low of -1985.81
Million SGD in
October of 1993.

28. •Trend showing the Singapore balance of trade
Contd..

29. Choosing of the African Countries are
as follows :
 South Africa
 Egypt
 Zimbabwe
 Ghana
 Mauritius

30.  The South African Rand is the currency of South Africa.
 Sign: R
 Code: ZAR
 ISO: 4217

31. • The Trends of ZAR/USD, the appreciation and depreciation
in terms of percentage.

32.  Inflation Rate and Gross Domestic Product

34.  Zimbabwean dollar as an official currency was effectively
abandoned on 12 April 2009. It was demonetised in 2015, In
place of the Zimbabwean dollar, currencies including
the South African rand.

35.  Zimbabwe’s economy, once one of the strongest in
Africa, has one of the lowest GDP per capita in the
world. Years of mismanagement and endemic
corruption has completely destroyed the country

36.  Consumer prices in Zimbabwe increased 3.52
percent year-on-year in January of 2018, following a
3.46 percent rise in the previous month.
 The benchmark interest rate in Zimbabwe was last
recorded at 9.66 percent. Interest Rate in Zimbabwe
averaged 12.52 percent from 2011 until 2017

37.  Zimbabwe recorded a trade deficit of 230.21 USD
Million in June of 2017. Balance of Trade in
Zimbabwe averaged -264.53 USD Million from 1991
until 2017, reaching an all time high of 293 USD
Million in December of 2000

38.  The Egyptian pound is the currency of Egypt.
 Sign : E£
 Code : EGP
 Issuer : Central Bank of Egypt

39.  The Egyptian Pound reached an all time high of 19.67
in December of 2016 and a record low of 4.59 in
January of 2003.

40.  The GDP in Egypt expanded 5.30 percent year-on-year in the
fourth quarter of 2017, up from 5.2 percent in the previous
period. Considering full 2017, the economy grew 5 percent,
the highest growth rate since 2010.
 Consumer prices in Egypt went up 17.1 percent year-on-year
in January of 2018, compared to a 21.9 percent rise in the
previous month. It was the lowest inflation rate since October
2016.Inflation Rate in Egypt averaged 9.39 percent from 1958
until 2018, reaching an all time high of 35.10 percent in June
of 1986 and a record low of -4.20 percent in August of 1962.

41.  The central bank of Egypt cut its benchmark overnight deposit
rate by 100bps to 17.75 percent on February 15th 2018, in line
with market expectations, saying tight monetary conditions
have contained inflationary pressures
 Egypt recorded a trade deficit of 3294 USD Million in
December of 2017, reaching an all time high of 235.50 USD
Million in January of 2004 and a record low of -5056.10 USD
Million in August of 2014.

42.  The Ghanaian cedi is the unit of currency of Ghana. It is
the fourth historical and only current legal tender in the
Republic of Ghana.
 currency sign: GH₵
 Currency code: GHS
 Issuer: Bank of Ghana

43.  The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Ghana expanded 2.50
percent in the third quarter of 2017 over the previous quarter.
It achieved a all time high of 7.40 percent in the first quarter of
2011 and a record low of -2.20 percent in the fourth quarter of
2008

44.  The Ghanaian Cedi reached an all time
high of 4.73 in March of 2017 and a record
low of 0.90 in July of 2007

45.  The Rupee is the currency of Mauritius. Several other
currencies are also called rupee.
 Sign: ₨
 ISO : 4217
 Code: MUR
 Central bank: Bank of Mauritius

46.  The Mauritian Rupee reached an all time high of 36.33 in
November of 2015 and a record low of 27.75 in April of
2011.

47.  (GDP) : It has attended high of 6.10 percent in the first
quarter of 2008 and a record low of -1.70 percent in the first
quarter of 2002.
 Inflation Rate in Mauritius averaged 6.18 percent from
1988 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 18.10
percent in April of 1989 and a record low of -1 percent in
January of 1992.

48.  Balance of Trade in Mauritius averaged -6024.15 MUR Million
from 1985 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 560 MUR
Million in September of 1986 and a record low of -23045 MUR
Million in December of 2012.
 Interest Rate in Mauritius averaged 5.06 percent from 2006
until 2018, reaching an all time high of 9.25 percent in June of
2007 and a record low of 3.50 percent in July of 2017.

49. THANK YOU