Managing HotSpot Clients With FreeRadius

1. Managing HotSpot Clients With FreeRadiusDashamir Hoxha <dashohoxha@gmail.com>Copyright (C) 2008 Dashamir Hoxha. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this documentunder the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the FreeSoftware Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. Acopy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License."Abstract: This paper describes how to set up a HotSpot service, using FreeRadius for AAA. Client accountsin radius are managed with HotSpot Manager. MikroTik, ChilliSpot, CoovaChilli and CoovaAP can be usedas hotspot servers (access points).1. HotSpot Manager1.1. IntroductionHotSpot Manager is a web application that can be used to manage the users of a network of HotSpot accesspoints. The HotSpot access points are LinkSys WRT54GL wireless routers, with CoovaAP firmware (whichprovides HotSpot service via coova-chilli). The authentication of the internet users (clients) is done in aradius server (freeRadius).The application supports more than one domain (network). Each domain can have one or more NASes(access points / wireless routers / HotSpot nodes). The number of access points for each domain is notlimited. Each domain can have one or more managers that are created by the administrator (superuser) of theapplication. The manager of a domain can create, modify and delete the internet users of the domain. Theinternet user of a domain can get hotspot access to internet through each of the domain access points(NASes), but cannot login through the access points of the other domains. The domain manager assigns acertain internet service to the user, which defines the bandwidth of the user, the expiration time of theservice, etc. The services are created and defined by the application administrator, which also makesavailable some of the services to each domain.Grouping and managing access points and internet users into domains can be useful for hierarchicalmanagement of the network. For example an organization (or office, or business) can manage itself theconnection to internet of its own staff. The application also allows to limit the number of access points andclients of each domain. Also each domain can have its own customized login page.1.2. FeaturesFeatures that are currently implemented:  Support for multiple domains.  Each domain can have any number of NASes.  Each domain can have its own customized login page.  Support for several services.

2.  An admin can have one or more domains and one domain can have one or more admins.  Actions of the users can be audited easily.  Optional integration with Radius Manager.Features that may be implemented in the future:  More flexible types of services (including traffic limits, online time, etc.)  Automatic check for the limits of the clients and automatic interruption of the service in case that the limits are reached.  Automatic notification to the clients and admins when the internet usage approaches the limits.  Usage statistics about clients, domains etc.  Clients should be able to see their status and statistics.  Google map with the locations of the NASes (HotSpot-s).  Online registration of the clients and the possibility to pay by credit card, paypal etc.  Authentication of the users/clients by digital certificates (instead of username/password).  Scratch card generation?  Payment recording and billing functions?1.3. Radius ManagerThe application is also integrated with Radius Manager, which is an application for managing the database offreeRadius, services, clients, etc. (it has even some simple billing functionality). Unfortunately, RadiusManager is not free software (open source). So, the integration with Radius Manager is optional and HotSpotManager can also work standalone (it does not depend on it).The benefits of integrating with Radius Manager are these:  For each client (internet user) you can see in Radius Manager some usage statistics: is it online or not, history of connection/disconnection times, the download/upload traffic that it has done each time, etc.  Radius Manager has some cron jobs that check periodically expiration times of the clients, approaching download/upload limits etc. It can also send notification emails to the clients, disconnect them automatically, etc.  The same radius can be used for other services as well, e.g. PPPoE, using MikroTik as a NAS, etc.  The scratch card generator, billing functions etc. of Radius Manager can be useful as well.However, HotSpot Manager may support some of these functions in the future releases...

3. 1.4. InstallationDownload it from http://sourceforge.net/projects/netaccess/files/hsmanager/0.5/hsmanager-0.5.tar.gz/download, and extract it:bash$ tar xfz hsmanager-0.5.tar.gzbash$ mv hsmanager-0.5 hsmanagerAlternatively, get the code of the application from subversion at SourceForge:bash$ cd /var/www/bash$ svn co https://netaccess.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/netaccess/hotspot-manager/trunk hsmanagerbash$ cd hsmanager/bash$ svn co https://phpwebapp.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/phpwebapp/web_app/trunk web_appThen, modify hsmanager.cfg accordingly and run sudo ./install.sh .The parameters in hsmanager.cfg are these:  Connecting to the database of the application: ### parameters for connecting ### to the database of the application appdb_host=localhost appdb_name=hsmanager appdb_adminuser=root appdb_adminpass= appdb_user=hsmng appdb_pass=hsmngpass appdb_allowed_hosts=localhost The adminuser user should be able to create databases and users and to grant permissions to them. The user is the database user that is used by the application to access the database. The parameter allowed_hosts contains the host(s) where the application is installed (relative to the database host; for example it can be 192.168.100.%.  Connecting to the database of radius: ### parameters for connecting ### to the database of radius raddb_host=localhost raddb_name=radius raddb_adminuser=root raddb_adminpass= raddb_apiuser=hsmng1 raddb_apipass=hsmngpass raddb_allowed_hosts=localhost The adminuser user should be able to create databases and users and to grant permissions to them. The user is the database user that is used by the application to access the database. The parameter

4. allowed_hosts contains the host(s) where the application is installed (relative to the database host; for example it can be 192.168.100.%. Note: The database where the data of the application are stored is different from the database of radius, this is why there are two different sets of configurations. Important: If appdb_host is the same as raddb_host (both databases are located in the same server), then appdb_user and raddb_apiuser should be different. Otherwise there will problems, because the application uses persistent connections, and the php persistent connections are the same when both host and user (and password) are the same.  Parameters about radius: ### radius configuration rad_prefix=/usr/local integrate_with_rm=true The parameter rad_prefix can be empty, /usr/local , etc. The parameter integrate_with_rm can be true or false . If you have not already installed Radius Manager , then make if false . ### radius tables #nas=nas #radacct=radacct #radcheck=radcheck #radgroupcheck=radgroupcheck #radgroupreply=radgroupreply #radippool=radippool #radpostauth=radpostauth #radreply=radreply #radusergroup=usergroup These are not functional yet.  Parameters about the HotSpot configuration of the NASes: ### hotspot configuration hs_config_dir=/usr/local/hotspot/config hs_radius_server1=192.168.25.11 hs_radius_server2=192.168.25.11 The parameter hs_config_dir is the directory where the CoovaChilli configuration parameters are saved (for each domain).1.5. Administration  First login as superuser. Superuser has access to all the modules of the application.  Then go to the module of Services and create some. Right now, only upload and download rates are saved in the radius database; the other features are not working yet.

5.  Next, go the module of Domains and create some domains. Here, it is possible to select which services will be available to the clients of the domain (at least one service should be selected). The number of NASes and the number of clients of the domain can be limited as well (if they are zero, then there is no limitation). Then, go to the module of Users and create some users of the application. These are the users that are permitted to access the application, not the internet users (the internet users are called clients). For each user set proper access rights: which modules and which domains he can access. A typical domain administrator has access only to one domain (his own domain), and to the modules: NASes, Clients and Logs. A user can administrate more than one domain (add them in separate lines), and one domain can have more than one admin. When a user logs into the application, his access rights will be restricted so that he can see and modify only the data that he is allowed to. For example, he will be able to see and modify only the NASes, clients and logs of his domains.

6.  In order to register NASes and clients, now you can logout from the application (by closing all the windows of the browser) and then login as a normal user (domain administrator). Adding NASes and clients can also be done by the superuser, since he has access everywhere. While adding NASes (HotSpot servers/routers) the important fields are the MAC and IP, which are used to allow the NAS to connect to radius and to identify to which domain it belongs. The other fields (Gateway, DNS etc.) are just informational (maybe later they can be used to configure the NAS automatically). For the clients, the most important fields, besides Username and Password, are the Service and the Expiration Time. The other limits (Download Limit etc.) are not functional yet.

7.  Then you can go to the module of Logs and see the activity that is done in the application by you and the other users. The logs can be filtered by time, event etc, so that you can find easily what you are looking for. The logs that are displayed are restricted by the domains to which the user has access. The module Settings is meant for the users to update their own data and for the domain admins to see the data of their domains and to update some of them. The module Misc right now has just one important submodule, which is used to backup/restore the

8. data of the database. In the future releases it may contain other things as well.1.6. Diagrams

9. 2. FreeRADIUS2.1. InstallingI installed FreeRADIUS on Fedora. First I installed the packages freeradius and freeradius-mysql :bash# yum install freeradius freeradius-mysqlThen I enabled the service radiusd and started it:bash# /sbin/chkconfig --list radiusdbash# /sbin/chkconfig radiusd onbash# /sbin/chkconfig --list radiusdbash# /sbin/service radiusd startSince freeradius uses the ports 1812 and 1813 (see e.g. the file /etc/services ), I had to open theseports in the firewall, both for tcp and udp . In order to do this, I edited the file/etc/sysconfig/iptables and added there these lines:-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1812 -j ACCEPT-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m udp -p udp --dport 1812 -j ACCEPT-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1813 -j ACCEPT-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m udp -p udp --dport 1813 -j ACCEPTTo apply these modifications in firewall, I restarted the service iptables:bash# /sbin/service iptables restart Tip: To check that the ports 1812 and 1813 are open in the firewall, we can use one of these commands: bash# /sbin/service iptables status | grep 1812 bash# /sbin/iptables-save | grep 18122.2. TestingJust to test that FreeRADIUS is correctly installed and works, we can make a simple configuration using thestandard text files, like this:  Edit the file /etc/raddb/clients.conf . At the section client 127.0.0.1 modify the value of secret , for example make it local1 . The entry client 127.0.0.1 { . . . } will allow the localhost to use the radius service.  Edit the file /etc/raddb/users . Uncomment there the test user steve (or create another user with similar details). It should look like this: steve Cleartext-Password := "testing" Service-Type = Framed-User,

10. Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 172.16.3.33, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, Framed-Routing = Broadcast-Listen, Framed-Filter-Id = "std.ppp", Framed-MTU = 1500, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP  Edit /etc/raddb/radiusd.conf and make sure that authorization using files is enabled. (It should be enabled by default, so in general you dont need to modify anything.)Now we can use the command radtest to request access for user steve with password testing :bash# radtest --helpbash# radtest steve testing 127.0.0.1 10 local1bash# radtest steve testing localhost 10 local1bash# radtest steve testingX 127.0.0.1 10 local1bash# radtest steve testing 127.0.0.1 10 local1XIn the first and second tests you should get the answer Access-Accept. In the last two tests you should getthe answer Access-Reject. Tip: In order to get more details about what happens in the server, run radiusd in debug mode. First stop the service: /sbin/service radiusd stop , then run it like this: /usr/sbin/radiusd -x or /usr/sbin/radiusd -X . Note: If you have Windows, you may also wish to use NTradPing (downloadable from MasterSoft ) instead of radtest. If you do this, or test from any other machine, remember to put your PC (or the other machine) in your NAS list in the file /etc/raddb/clients.conf .2.3. Using MySQLNow that radius is installed and we have tested that it works correctly, we can create a mysql database for itand configure radius to use this database.  First lets create a new database and a new database user: bash$ mysql -p -u root mysql> CREATE DATABASE radiusdb; mysql> GRANT ALL ON radiusdb.* TO raduser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "radpass"; mysql> exit;  Now lets create the tables of the database by running the SQL script file that is in the directory freeradius/doc/examples/: bash$ mysql -p -u root -D radiusdb < /usr/share/doc/freeradius- 1.1.7/examples/mysql.sql  We should modify now /etc/raddb/sql.conf by setting there the database, the username and the password that are needed to connect to the mysql server:

11. # Connect info server = "localhost" login = "raduser" password = "radpass" # Database table configuration radius_db = "radiusdb" Note: For testing/debug purposes, change sqltrace to yes. Then, freeradius will dump all SQL commands to the debug output. Note: You may also need to modify the line about sql_user_name in this file.  Edit the file /etc/raddb/radiusd.conf and make there these modifications:  Uncomment the line saying sql in the authorize{} section and comment the line saying files.  Also uncomment the line saying sql to the accounting{} section to tell FreeRADIUS to store accounting records in SQL as well. This file should then look something like this: authorise { preprocess chap mschap suffix eap # files sql pap } accounting { # We leave "detail" enabled to _additionally_ log accounting to /var/log/radius/radacct detail sql }2.4. Testing MySQLEnter some data in the database:bash$ mysql -u raduser -p radpasswmysql> USE radiusdb;mysql> SHOW TABLES;mysql> INSERT INTO usergroup (UserName, GroupName) --> VALUES ("radiustest", "testgroup");mysql> SELECT * FROM usergroup;mysql> INSERT INTO radcheck (UserName, Attribute, Value) --> VALUES ("radiustest", "Password", "testpassword");mysql> SELECT * FROM radcheck;mysql> INSERT INTO radgroupreply (GroupName, Attribute, op, Value) --> VALUES ("testgroup","Framed-Compression","==","Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP");mysql> INSERT INTO radgroupreply (GroupName, Attribute, op, Value) --> VALUES ("testgroup","Framed-Protocol","==","PPP");

12. mysql> INSERT INTO radgroupreply (GroupName, Attribute, op, Value) --> VALUES ("testgroup","Framed-MTU","==","1500");mysqk> INSERT INTO radgroupreply (GroupName, Attribute, op, Value) --> VALUES ("testgroup","Service-Type","==","Framed-User");mysql> quit;Then stop the service /sbin/service radiusd stop and run radiusd in debug mode: /usr/sbin/radiusd -x or/usr/sbin/radiusd -X .Now check access for the user radiustest with password testpassword :bash# radtest radiustest testpassword localhost 10 local1Sending Access-Request of id 224 to 127.0.0.1 port 1812 User-Name = "radiustest" User-Password = "testpassword" NAS-IP-Address = 255.255.255.255 NAS-Port = 10rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 127.0.0.1:1812, id=224, length=44 Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobson-TCP-IP Framed-Protocol = PPP Framed-MTU = 1500 Service-Type = Framed-User3. SQL APIThis SQL API helps to access the database of the freeRadius (or Radius Manager) from the HotSpot Manager(which manages the services and users). it is a library of MySQL procedures, which can be used to accessand modify the database. It encapsulates (hides) the complexity of the database from the outside programmer.The programmer doesnt have to know what tables or fields are there in the database, but just needs to knowthe procedures/functions that are available in the API, their parameters, return values, etc. It also makessimpler the code of the program, because instead of using complicated SQL queries, it just needs to call aprocedure with the appropriate parameters.3.1. Radius SQL API  procedure user_save(p_username varchar(64), p_password varchar(253), p_service varchar(64), p_domain varchar(253) ) Takes the parameters: username, password, service. In case that such a user exist, it is deleted first, and then new records about the user are inserted. > call radius.user_save(user-1,passw-1,test-1,domain-1); -- create the user user-1 which has access at domain-1 > call radius.user_save(user-1,xyz,test-1,domain-1); -- change the password of user-1  function user_check(p_username varchar(64)) returns varchar(64)

13. Used to check whether a user already exists in radiusdb (in the table radcheck). If there is such a user, then it returns its username. > select radius.user_check(user-1) as username; +----------+ | username | +----------+ | user-1 | +----------+ > select radius.user_check(user-2) as username; +----------+ | username | +----------+ | | +----------+ procedure user_get(p_username varchar(64), p_service varchar(64) ) Returns the data of a given user. Parameters are username and service patterns. Matching is done with LIKE. The records that are returned have the fields: username, service > call user_get(user-1, %); -- get the data of user-1 > call user_get(%, service-1); -- get the data of all the users that have the service service-1 > call user_get(%, %); -- get the data of all the users procedure user_del(p_username varchar(64)) Delete the given user. > call radius.user_del(user-2); -- delete user user-2 procedure service_save(p_service_name varchar(64), p_download_rate int(11), p_upload_rate int(11)) Save (add or update) a service. Takes the parameters: service_name, download_rate, upload_rate. Download and upload rates are integers in Kbps. If a service with such a name already exists, it is deleted first. > call radius.service_save(test-1, 256, 128); -- create the service test-1 with 256Kbps download and 128Kbps upload > call radius.service_save(test-2, 512, 128); -- add another service > call radius.service_save(test-2, 512, 256); -- change the upload rate of the service test-2

14.  procedure service_get(p_service_name varchar(64)) Return a list of services that match the given parameter. Matching is done with LIKE. The result that is returned contains the fields: service, dwmload rate, upload rate, where the rates are integers of Kbps. > call radius.service_get(test-1); -- get the data of the service test-1 > call radius.service_get(%); -- get the data of all the services +----------+---------------+-------------+ | service | download_rate | upload_rate | +----------+---------------+-------------+ | test-1 | 256 | 128 | | test-2 | 512 | 256 | +----------+---------------+-------------+  procedure service_del(p_service varchar(64)) Delete the service with the given name. > call radius.service_del(test-2); -- delete the service that is named test-2  procedure change_service_name(p_old_service varchar(64) p_new_service varchar(64)) Changes the name of a service, so that all the clients that were using the old service now use the new service. > call radius.change_service_name(test-2, test2); -- change the name of the service test-2 to test23.2. RM SQL API  procedure rm_user_save(p_username varchar(32), p_password varchar(32), p_service_id int(11), p_expiration_date date, p_fullname varchar(30), p_email varchar(50)) Save a user in the table rm_users of the Radius Manager. Takes these parameters: username, password, service_id, expiration_date, fullname, email

15. In case that such a user exist, it is deleted first, and then new records about the user are inserted. procedure rm_user_del(p_username varchar(32)) Delete the given user. procedure rm_user_get(p_username varchar(32)) Returns the data of a given user. Gets the username of the user as a parameter (type: varchar(32)), and returns one or more records with the data of the users who match the data of the username. Matching is done with LIKE. It may return nothing if such a user does not exist. The record that is returned has these fields: username, srvname, expiration, enabled procedure rm_nas_insert(p_ip varchar(128), p_name varchar(128), p_secret varchar(60), p_description varchar(200)) Add a new record in the table nas. procedure rm_nas_update(p_ip varchar(128), p_name varchar(128), p_secret varchar(60), p_description varchar(200)) Update a record in the table nas. procedure rm_nas_delete(p_ip varchar(128)) Delete a record in the table nas. function rm_nas_check(p_ip varchar(128)) returns varchar(128) Used to check whether an IP is already registered in the nas table. If it is registered, then it returns the IP, otherwise returns not-found. > select radius.rm_nas_check(192.168.0.10) as ip; +--------------+ | ip | +--------------+ | 192.168.0.10 | +--------------+ > select radius.rm_nas_check(192.168.0.11) as ip; +-----------+ | ip | +-----------+ | not-found | +-----------+

16. 4. HotSpot ServersThere are different ways for implementing a HotSpot server. Here I am going to describe how to configure aHotSpot service in MikroTik, how to install and configure ChilliSpot and CoovaChilli on a linux server, andhow to install and configure CoovaAP on a wireless router.4.1. MikroTik  General network configuration: ### an address on the outside (WAN) interface of the mikrotik / ip address add address=192.168.35.100/24 interface=ether1 ### add a gateway # / ip route add gateway=192.168.35.1 ### set the DNS servers / ip dns set primary-dns=192.168.35.11 secondary-dns=4.2.2.2  Radius configuration: ### add another address for connecting to the radius server / ip address add address=192.168.25.121/24 interface=ether2 ### add radius servers for any PPP service on mikrotik / radius add service=hotspot address=192.168.25.101 secret=radiussecret timeout=2000ms / radius incoming set accept=yes  Setup masquerading: ### setup NAT on the outside interface of the mikrotik / ip firewall nat add chain=srcnat out-interface=ether1 action=masquerade ### disable masquerading for the radius LAN (192.168.25.0/24) / ip firewall nat add chain=srcnat out-interface=ether1 src-address=192.168.25.0/24 action=return / ip firewall nat print / ip firewall nat move 1 0  Add a pool: ### add a pool / ip pool add name=pool0 ranges=192.168.10.0/16  Add a hotspot server profile: / ip hotspot profile add name="prof1" hotspot-address=192.168.10.1 dns-name="hotspot1.al" html-directory=hotspot use-radius=yes radius- accounting=yes

17.  Add a hotspot server: / ip hotspot add name="server1" interface=ether2 address-pool=pool1 profile=prof1  Add a user profile: / ip hotspot user profile add name="userprofile1" address-pool=pool1 transparent-proxy=no  Add a user: / ip hotspot user add server=server1 name="user1" password="passw1" profile=userprofile1  Modify the hotspot login pages.4.1.1. Referencies  http://www.mikrotik.com/testdocs/ros/2.9/ip/hotspot.php  http://www.mikrotik.com/testdocs/ros/2.9/guide/aaa_hotspot.php4.2. ChilliSpot4.2.1. IntroductionChilliSpot is used as an access point controller in a wireless LAN. A typical network architecture is shown inthe figure below. A wireless client can establish a wireless connection to an access point, but in order toreach the External Network it first has to authenticate with Chilli.Three different networks are involved in the architecture:  External Network . The external network is typically the Internet or a corporate intranet. Access to the

18. external network is guarded by Chilli which only allows traffic from authenticated wireless clients to pass.  Internal Network . The internal network is connecting the access points with Chilli. It is used for forwarding Ethernet frames between Chilli and the wireless clients as well as for IP management traffic to and from the access points.  Wireless Network : The wireless clients are connected to the wireless network, and the access points serve as bridges between the internal network and the wireless network. This enables forwarding of Ethernet frames between Chilli and the wireless clients. In the example above the wireless network is allocated the address range 192.168.182.0/24.In order to function properly Chilli depends on a few external servers:  DNS Server . When accessing the external network the wireless clients rely on one or several DNS servers for resolving domain names to IP addresses. The wireless clients are informed of the DNS server IP addresses by the Chilli. Before you start the installation of ChilliSpot you need to determine the IP address of at least one DNS server which can be used by the wireless clients. If you dont specify a DNS server Chilli will use the DNS server which is reported by the underlying operating system.  UAM Server . When a user logs on he is redirected to an authentication web server which queries the user for her username and password. If a separate uam server is not available it is possible to install one on the Chilli server.  Radius Server . User credentials are stored in one or several radius servers. Whenever a wireless client attempts to connect to the network Chilli will contact a radius server in order to validate the user credentials. If a separate radius server is not available it is possible to install one on the Chilli server.Generally the access points should be configured with open authentication and no encryption. Authenticationis handled by Chilli. For better security, the access points should be configured for Wireless ProtectedAccess.4.2.2. Installing and Configuring  Download from http://www.chillispot.info/download.html the latest RPM package and install it with the command: rpm -Uhv chillispot-1.1.0.i386.rpm  During installation of ChilliSpot a configuration file was copied to /etc/chilli.conf . You need to edit this file. A description of each option is given in the man page ( man chilli ). As a start you can leave most of the parameters as they are.  If you use an external radius server you need to modify the parameters: radiusserver1 , radiusserver2 , radiussecret . If you are not using an external radius server you can leave these parameters as they are, as we will install a radius server later during the installation.  If you use an external UAM server you need to modify the parameter uamserver . If you are

19. not using an external UAM server you can leave this parameters as it is, as we will install an UAM server later during the installation.  In order to automate startup of chilli issue the command: chkconfig chilli on ChilliSpot will start next time you reboot the system, or you can start it directly by issuing the command service chilli start4.2.3. Firewall SetupIt is important to protect ChilliSpot from unauthorized traffic. No single firewall ruleset can satisfy allnetwork configurations, and generally you should write your own set of rules. As a starting point you can usethe script located in: /usr/share/doc/chillispot-1.1.0/firewall.iptables . You can editthis file to suit your own configuration or simply use it without modification.Once you have edited the file install it by issuing the following commands:service iptables stop/usr/share/doc/chillispot-1.1.0/firewall.iptablesservice iptables saveThis will first clear the current firewall rules, install the new rules and finally save the rules so that they willbe restored whenever the system is rebooted.In order for ChilliSpot to forward network packets, IP forwarding must be turned on in the kernel. You needto change this line in /etc/sysctl.conf :net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1The changes take effect when you reboot the system, or you can activate them directly by issuing thecommand/sbin/sysctl -p4.2.4. UAM Authentication Web ServerWe will now configure Apache to request username and password from the wireless clients:  During installation of ChilliSpot a cgi script was placed in /usr/share/doc/chillispot- 1.1.0/hotspotlogin.cgi . Copy this script to /var/www/cgi- bin/hotspotlogin.cgi on the web server.  We need to tell Chilli about the location of the authentication server. This is done by uncommenting and editing the following line in /etc/chilli.conf :

20. uamserver https://192.168.182.1/cgi-bin/hotspotlogin.cgi  We need to restart chilli in order for the configuration changes to take effect: service chilli restart4.2.5. Configuring FreeRADIUSWe will now configure FreeRADIUS to authenticate the HotSpot users.  Insert users in the radius database.  Edit raddb/clients.conf in order to configure the IP address and shared secret of chilli. The secret must match the radiussecret parameter in /etc/chilli.conf.  Tell Chilli about the location of the radius server. This is done by uncommenting and editing the following lines in /etc/chilli.conf : radiusserver1 127.0.0.1 radiusserver2 127.0.0.1 radiussecret testing123  Restart chilli in order for the configuration changes to take effect: service chilli restart.4.2.6. Referencies  http://www.chillispot.info/download.html  http://www.chillispot.info/release.html#mozTocId867888  http://global.freifunk.net/item/chillispot_howto4.3. CoovaChilli4.3.1. IntroductionCoovaChilli is an open-source software access controller, based on the popular ChilliSpot project. It is afeature rich software access controller that provides a captive portal / walled-garden environment and usesRADIUS for access provisioning.

21. 4.3.2. Installing  From a RPM package: wget http://ap.coova.org/chilli/coova-chilli-1.0.11-1.i386.rpm sudo rpm -U coova-chilli-1.0.11-1.i386.rpm  Building from source: wget http://ap.coova.org/chilli/coova-chilli-1.0.11.tar.gz tar xzf coova-chilli-1.0.11.tar.gz cd coova-chilli-1.0.11 ./configure make sudo make install  Building the last version from SVN: svn checkout http://dev.coova.org/svn/coova-chilli/ cd coova-chilli sh bootstrap ./configure make sudo make install By default it will be installed on /usr/local/ .4.3.3. Configuration  Go to /etc/chilli/ (or /usr/local/etc/chilli/ ) and make a copy of defaults to config : cd /etc/chilli/ cp defaults config  Modify /etc/chilli/config like this: ### # Local Network Configurations

22. # HS_WANIF=eth0 # WAN Interface toward the Internet HS_LANIF=eth1 # Subscriber Interface for client devices HS_NETWORK=10.1.0.0 # HotSpot Network (must include HS_UAMLISTEN) HS_NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # HotSpot Network Netmask HS_UAMLISTEN=10.1.0.1 # HotSpot IP Address (on subscriber network) HS_UAMPORT=3990 # HotSpot Port (on subscriber network) ### # HotSpot settings for simple Captive Portal # HS_UAMSECRET= HS_RADIUS=192.168.25.101 HS_RADIUS2=192.168.25.102 HS_RADSECRET=test HS_NASIP=192.168.35.46 # To explicitly set NAS-IP-Address # The server to be used in combination with HS_UAMFORMAT to # create the final chilli uamserver url configuration. HS_UAMSERVER=192.168.25.100 # Use HS_UAMFORMAT to define the actual captive portal url. # Shell variable replacement takes place when evaluated, so here # HS_UAMSERVER is escaped and later replaced by the pre-defined # HS_UAMSERVER to form the actual "--uamserver" option in chilli. HS_UAMFORMAT=http://$HS_UAMSERVER/uam/ # Same principal goes for HS_UAMHOMEPAGE. HS_UAMHOMEPAGE=http://$HS_UAMLISTEN:$HS_UAMPORT/www/coova.html HS_LOC_NAME="HotSpot1" # WISPr Location Name and used in portal Caution: Be sure to leave empty HS_UAMSECRET, since we are going to use the JSON interface , otherwise the users will fail to login . Start the chilli service: chkconfig chilli on chkconfig --list chilli service chilli start service chilli status When the service is started, it will automatically create the configuration files hs.conf, local.conf and main.conf from config . When the config is modified, the chilli service must be restarted as well. In the config file we have defined the uamserver like this: HS_UAMSERVER=192.168.25.100 HS_UAMFORMAT=http://$HS_UAMSERVER/uam/ This is a webserver different from the server where coova-chilli is installed. In this server we have to create an index.html file:

23. mkdir -p /var/www/html/uam/ cd /var/www/html/uam/ wget http://coova.org/uam/ wget http://coova.org/js/chilli.js Then, we should edit index.html to use chilli.js from local. We can also modify index.html as we like. Note: The authentication page http://192.168.25.100/uam/index.html can actually be any page, enough that it contains the line: <script id=chillijs src=chilli.js></script> For more details see Any page a login page .4.3.4. Referencies  CoovaChilli  CoovaChilli Documentation  CoovaChilli Development  CoovaChilli HowTo  CoovaAAA Captive Portal  CoovaChilli Forum  Any page a login page  CoovaChilli JSON Interface4.4. CoovaAP4.4.1. IntroductionCoovaAP Firmware is a linux system that can be installed in a wireless router. In this system are includedseveral packages/tools that extend and enhance the features of the router. CoovaAP is an OpenWRT-basedfirmware designed especially for HotSpots. It comes with the CoovaChilli access controller built-in andmakes it easily configurable. CoovaAP is perfect for just about any HotSpot application - from WPAEnterprise (with RADIUS accounting) to Free WiFi with Terms of Service acknowledgment to commercialHotSpot captive portal applications. The configuration of the router is managed through a web-interface, butit is also possible to login via ssh into the router.The wireless routers that are supported by CoovaAP are: Linksys WRT54GL, Linksys WRT54G, LinksysWRT54GS, Linksys WRT54GS v4, etc.

24. The key features of CoovaAP are:  Open-source, based on OpenWrt  Advanced Web-based Configuration  Easy HotSpot Configuration & Status  CoovaChilli Access Controller  Embedded Captive Portal  Facebook HotSpot Captive Portal  Integrated CoovaChilli with WPA  OpenID Authentication  Centralized CoovaChilli Configuration  WiFiDog Access Controller  PPTP VPN Client and Server  OpenVPN Client  Traffic Shaping  WDS HotSpotFor more details look at the CoovaAP homepage.4.4.2. InstallingThe installation is described very well in the page CoovaAP Firmware Installationhttp://coova.org/wiki/index.php/Installation_Help.4.4.3. Configuration  At System / Settings : System Settings Host Name : LinkSys boot_wait : Enabled Language : English System Administration WAN SSH Access : Enabled WAN Web Access : HTTPS Only HotSpot SSH Access : Enabled

25. HotSpot LAN Web Access : HTTPS Only At Network / DHCP : DHCP Settings LAN DHCP Services : Enabled Starting Address : 192.168.1.100 Number of Addresses : 150 At Network / WAN : WAN Configuration Connection Type : Static IP IP Settings IP Address : 192.168.25.31 Netmask : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway : 192.168.25.1 DNS Servers 192.168.25.101 4.2.2.2 At Network Wireless : Wireless Configuration Wireless Interface : Enabled ESSID Broadcast : Show ESSID : WiFi Channel : 11 Mode : Access Point Encryption Settings Encryption Type : Disabled At Network / Advanced Wireless : Settings Isolate WLAN clients : Enabled At HotSpot / Configuration : HotSpot Configurations HotSpot Type : ChilliSpot UAM HotSpot Mode : LAN & Wireless ChilliSpot Configurations Auto Configuration : Web URL Web Config URL : http://192.168.25.100/hotspot/config/ At HotSpot / Location : Hotspot Location

26. Location Name : Location Location Address : Address Network Name : Network Country ISO Code : AL4.4.4. Radius ConfigurationIn the interface HotSpot / Configuration we have these settings: HotSpot Configurations HotSpot Type : ChilliSpot UAM HotSpot Mode : LAN & Wireless ChilliSpot Configurations Auto Configuration : Web URL Web Config URL : http://192.168.25.101/hsconfig/The configuration of ChilliSpot (coova-chilli) is retrieved from the server 192.168.25.101 by http. Theconfiguration file index.html in this server has this content:uamserver http://www.example.net/hs/radiusserver1 192.168.25.101radiusserver2 192.168.25.102radiussecret secretpasswradiusnasid HotSpotuamallowed www.example.netIt contains the configuration of the radius server. The parameter uamserver contains the URL of the webpage that will be used by the clients to login to internet.In case that the configuration is different for different routers, then the setting Web Config URL should bedifferent, so that they can load different configurations. This can be useful if we want to have a differentradiusnasid for different routers and a different (personalized) login page.4.4.5. Login PageThe login page that is located at http://www.example.net/hs/ consists of an html and a javascript file, asdescribed at CoovaChilli JSON Interface .The content of the file index.htm is this:<html><head><title>coova hotspot</title><style><!--body,td,a,p,h{ font-family:arial,sans-serif;}body {

27. text-align: center; padding-top: 30px; margin: auto; width: 50%;}#MyChilli { background: url("coova.jpg") right top no-repeat; margin: auto; text-align: left; padding: 10px 0 30px 0;}#locationName { height: 50px; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;}#chilliPage { border: 1px solid orange; padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px; margin-top: 20px;}#signUpRow { display: inline;}--></style></head><body><div id="MyChilli"><div id="noLocation" style="display:none;"><p style="padding-top: 100px;"><strong>You are not at a hotspot.</strong>If you want to see a a sample login page using the <ahref="http://coova.org/wiki/index.php/CoovaChilli/JSON">JSON interface</a>of <a href="http://coova.org/wiki/index.php/CoovaChilli">CoovaChilli</a>,then <a href="javascript: window.location = view-source: +window.location.href;">view the source</a>of this page.</p></div><h1>Homepage</h1><script id=chillijs src=chilli.js></script></div></body></html>The content of the file chilli.js is this:if (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("MSIE")!=-1)document.write("<script type=text/javascript id=chillicontroller></script>");if (!window.queryObj) { window.queryObj = new Object(); window.location.search.replace(new RegExp("([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))?","g"),function($0,$1,$2,$3) { queryObj[$1] = $3; });}if (queryObj[uamip] != null && queryObj[uamport] != null) { var script = document.getElementById(chillicontroller);

28. if (script == null) { script = document.createElement(script); script.id = chillicontroller; script.type = text/javascript; script.src = http://+queryObj[uamip]+:+queryObj[uamport]+/www/chillijs.chi; var head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]; if (head == null) head = document.body; head.appendChild(script); } script.src = http://+queryObj[uamip]+:+queryObj[uamport]+/www/chillijs.chi;} else { var noLocation = document.getElementById("noLocation"); if (noLocation != null && noLocation.style) { noLocation.style.display = inline; }4.4.6. Quick ConfigAfter a CoovaAP wireless router has been configured properly, its configuration can be backup-ed in order touse it for quick reconfiguration of the device. The configuration can be downloaded and uploaded at theinterface System / Config Management .The configuration backup can also be used to configure quickly a new router. In this case, these configurationsettings should be modified manually:  IP Address at Network / WAN has to be modified.  HotSpot / Location can be modified.  Web Config URL at HotSpot / Configuration can be modified optionally, in case that we want to provide a customized login page, radius server, etc.4.4.7. Referencies  CoovaAP Firmware  CoovaAP Firmware Installation  CoovaChilli JSON Interface  CoovaAP Forum5. GNU Free Documentation LicenseVersion 1.2, November 2002Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

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