Hives, also known as urticarial, are a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy, and often red welts on the skin. These welts can vary in size and shape and may appear on any part of the body and can cause damage to skin if not treated by best dermatologist on proper time. Hives are usually caused by an allergic reaction to certain substances or triggers.

1. Hives: Symptoms Causes and Treatment
Hives, also known as urticarial, are a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy, and often red welts on
the skin. These welts can vary in size and shape and may appear on any part of the body and can cause
damage to skin if not treated by best dermatologist on proper time. Hives are usually caused by an
allergic reaction to certain substances or triggers.
Common triggers for hives include:
Allergens: Hives can be caused by an allergic reaction to certain foods (such as nuts, shellfish, or
eggs), medications (such as antibiotics or no steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), insect bites or stings,
pollen, latex, or animal dander.
Medications: Some medications, particularly antibiotics like penicillin, can cause an allergic reaction
leading to hives.
Infections: Certain viral or bacterial infections can trigger hives, such as the common cold, sinus
infections, or urinary tract infections.
Physical triggers: Hives can be induced by physical factors such as pressure on the skin
(dermatographism), exposure to cold or heat, excessive sweating, or exposure to sunlight (solar
urticarial).
Stress: Emotional stress can sometimes cause hives or worsen an existing outbreak.
The exact cause of hives can be challenging to determine in some cases. Acute hives typically last for a
few hours to a few days and usually resolve on their own. Chronic hives, on the other hand, persist for
six weeks or longer and may require medical intervention.
Symptoms of hives
The main symptom of hives is the appearance of raised, itchy welts on the skin. These welts, also known
as wheals, can vary in size and shape and may be red or pink in color. Some common symptoms
associated with hives include:
Raised welts: Hives are characterized by the presence of raised, swollen areas on the skin. These
welts can range in size from small spots to large patches and can appear anywhere on the body.
Itching: Hives typically cause intense itching, which can be quite bothersome. The itching sensation
may be localized to the affected area or may spread to other parts of the body.
Redness or discoloration: The welts associated with hives often have a red or pink coloration.
The surrounding skin may also appear flushed or reddened.
Blanched center: The center of each welt may appear pale or white when pressed (blanching) due
to the swelling.

2. Transient nature: Hives are usually transient and can come and go quickly. Individual welts may last
for a few minutes to a few hours before disappearing and may reappear in a different location.
Swelling: In some cases, hives can cause swelling in the affected area, especially if the welts occur on
the face, lips, or eyelids. This swelling, known as angioedema, can be more serious and may require
medical attention.
It's important to note that hives can be accompanied by other symptoms in some cases, such as
difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, dizziness, or swelling of the tongue or throat. These
symptoms can be signs of a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis, which requires immediate
medical attention.
If you experience hives along with any severe symptoms or have difficulty breathing, it's crucial to seek
emergency medical care.
Causes of hives
Hives, or urticarial, can be caused by a variety of factors, with the most common being allergic reactions.
Here are some common causes of hives:
Allergens: Allergic reactions to certain substances can trigger hives. Common allergens include:
Foods: Some people may develop hives after consuming certain foods, such as nuts, shellfish, eggs,
milk, or berries.
Medications: Certain medications, such as antibiotics (e.g., penicillin) or no steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can cause an allergic reaction leading to hives.
Insect bites or stings: Hives can develop as a result of an allergic reaction to insect bites or stings,
such as from bees, wasps, mosquitoes, or fleas.
Pollen: Some individuals may experience hives due to pollen allergies, particularly during specific
seasons.
Latex: Latex allergy can cause hives, especially in individuals who come into contact with latex
products like gloves or balloons.
Physical triggers: Hives can also be triggered by physical factors, including:
Pressure on the skin: Some people may develop hives when pressure is applied to the skin, such as
from tight clothing or scratching (dermatographism).
Cold or heat: Exposure to cold temperatures (cold urticarial) or hot temperatures (heat urticarial)
can induce hives in susceptible individuals.
Sunlight: Solar urticarial refers to hives that are triggered by exposure to sunlight.

3. Exercise: Intense physical exercise or activities that cause sweating can lead to hives in some people
(exercise-induced urticarial).
Infections: Hives can sometimes occur as a result of viral or bacterial infections, such as the common
cold, sinus infections, or urinary tract infections.
Stress: Emotional stress or anxiety can occasionally trigger hives or worsen an existing outbreak.
In many cases, the exact cause of hives may not be identified, and they are classified as idiopathic
urticarial. It's important to note that hives can vary in their duration and frequency. Acute hives typically
resolve within a few hours to a few days, while chronic hives persist for six weeks or longer.
If you frequently experience hives or have difficulty identifying the cause, it is advisable to consult with a
healthcare professional or allergist who can help determine the underlying triggers and provide
appropriate treatment.
Treatment of hives
The treatment of hives, or urticarial, aims to relieve symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of
outbreaks, and identify and manage any underlying causes. Here are some common approaches to
treating hives
Antihistamines: Antihistamines are usually the first line of treatment for hives. They work by
blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction that causes itching and
swelling. Over-the-counter antihistamines like cetirizine, loratadine, or fexofenadine can provide relief
for mild to moderate cases. For more severe or chronic hives, your doctor may prescribe stronger
antihistamines.
Corticosteroids: In cases where antihistamines alone are insufficient, short-term use of oral or
topical corticosteroids may be recommended by best dermatologist in Lahore. Corticosteroids help
reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms but are generally used for a limited duration due to
potential side effects.
Anti-inflammatory medications: No steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen
or naproxen can help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms associated with hives. However, it's
important to note that in some individuals, NSAIDs can actually trigger or worsen hives, so they should
be used with caution.
Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that cause hives can be an essential part of
managing the condition. Keeping a diary to track potential triggers, such as foods, medications, or
environmental factors, can be helpful. Once triggers are identified, it's important to minimize or avoid
exposure to them.
Cooling and soothing measures: Applying cool compresses or taking cool baths/showers can
help relieve itching and soothe the skin. Avoiding hot water or excessive heat can also be beneficial.

4. Stress management: Since stress can exacerbate hives, practicing stress management techniques,
such as relaxation exercises, mindfulness, or engaging in activities that promote well-being, may be
helpful in managing symptoms.
Prescription medications: In cases of chronic or severe hives, your doctor may prescribe
additional medications, such as leukotriene inhibitors, immunosuppressant’s, or omalizumab (an
injectable antibody medication), to help control symptoms and prevent recurrences.
It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate
treatment plan for your specific case of hives. They can help determine the underlying cause, if possible,
and recommend the most suitable treatment options for you.
Causes of hives
Hives, or urticarial, can be caused by a variety of factors, with the most common being allergic reactions.
Here are some common causes of hives:
Allergens: Allergic reactions to certain substances can trigger hives. Common allergens include:
Foods: Some people may develop hives after consuming certain foods, such as nuts, shellfish, eggs,
milk, or berries.
Medications: Certain medications, such as antibiotics (e.g., penicillin) or no steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can cause an allergic reaction leading to hives.
Insect bites or stings: Hives can develop as a result of an allergic reaction to insect bites or stings,
such as from bees, wasps, mosquitoes, or fleas.
Pollen: Some individuals may experience hives due to pollen allergies, particularly during specific
seasons.
Latex: Latex allergy can cause hives, especially in individuals who come into contact with latex
products like gloves or balloons.
Physical triggers: Hives can also be triggered by physical factors, including:
Pressure on the skin: Some people may develop hives when pressure is applied to the skin, such as
from tight clothing or scratching (dermatographism).
Cold or heat: Exposure to cold temperatures (cold urticarial) or hot temperatures (heat urticarial)
can induce hives in susceptible individuals.
Sunlight: Solar urticarial refers to hives that are triggered by exposure to sunlight.
Exercise: Intense physical exercise or activities that cause sweating can lead to hives in some people
(exercise-induced urticarial).

5. Infections: Hives can sometimes occur as a result of viral or bacterial infections, such as the common
cold, sinus infections, or urinary tract infections.
Stress: Emotional stress or anxiety can occasionally trigger hives or worsen an existing outbreak.
In many cases, the exact cause of hives may not be identified, and they are classified as idiopathic
urticarial. It's important to note that hives can vary in their duration and frequency. Acute hives typically
resolve within a few hours to a few days, while chronic hives persist for six weeks or longer.
If you frequently experience hives or have difficulty identifying the cause, it is advisable to consult with a
best dermatologist or allergist who can help determine the underlying triggers and provide appropriate
treatment.
Treatment of hives
The treatment of hives, or urticarial, aims to relieve symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of
outbreaks, and identify and manage any underlying causes. Here are some common approaches to
treating hives:
Antihistamines: Antihistamines are usually the first line of treatment for hives. They work by
blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction that causes itching and
swelling. Over-the-counter antihistamines like cetirizine, loratadine, or fexofenadine can provide relief
for mild to moderate cases. For more severe or chronic hives, your doctor may prescribe stronger
antihistamines.
Corticosteroids: In cases where antihistamines alone are insufficient, short-term use of oral or
topical corticosteroids may be recommended. Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation and alleviate
symptoms but are generally used for a limited duration due to potential side effects.
Anti-inflammatory medications: No steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen
or naproxen can help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms associated with hives. However, it's
important to note that in some individuals, NSAIDs can actually trigger or worsen hives, so they should
be used with caution.
Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers that cause hives can be an essential part of
managing the condition. Keeping a diary to track potential triggers, such as foods, medications, or
environmental factors, can be helpful. Once triggers are identified, it's important to minimize or avoid
exposure to them.
Cooling and soothing measures: Applying cool compresses or taking cool baths/showers can
help relieve itching and soothe the skin. Avoiding hot water or excessive heat can also be beneficial.
Stress management: Since stress can exacerbate hives, practicing stress management techniques,
such as relaxation exercises, mindfulness, or engaging in activities that promote well-being, may be
helpful in managing symptoms.

6. Prescription medications: In cases of chronic or severe hives, your doctor may prescribe
additional medications, such as leukotriene inhibitors, immunosuppressant’s, or omalizumab (an
injectable antibody medication), to help control symptoms and prevent recurrences.
It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate
treatment plan for your specific case of hives. They can help determine the underlying cause, if possible,
and recommend the most suitable treatment options for you.