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© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011   VideoJogos 2011




   COLLABORATIVE NEGOTIATED DELIBERATION
   PROTOCOL FOR MANAGING EMERGENT NARRATIVES IN
   EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS



                                            Cláudia Ribeiro
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                   VideoJogos 2011




Context
• Interactive Storytelling chanlleges




         Interactive Drama is a computer- based fiction where a user
       chooses most of the actions for the main character in a story. This
          is a hard challenge, because it involves both the dynamic
       generation of narrative events and the integration of user inputs
                            within the generation.
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                      VideoJogos 2011




Context
• Narrative Structures
  • Linear Structure
  • Branched Structure




                          Branched Narrative Structure
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                      VideoJogos 2011




Context
• Emergent Narratives


             Unscripted narrative that emerges directly from the virtual
                   and user-controlled characters. (Aylett 1999).




          The Player is not limited in his possibilities to influence the story
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                    VideoJogos 2011




Context
• Drama Management


             There’s no guarantee that the stories that will emerge are
                           interesting and meaninfull...




              The use of Emergent Narratives implies the existence of a
                         Drama Manager (DM) (Szilas 2003).
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                    VideoJogos 2011




Context
• Drama Management

  Character-based

             Guiding the low-level behaviour of a set of autonomous
             agents around a story context, taking into account the
                                user interaction.


 Plot-based

            Guiding the plot unflod from a high-level view, interacting
             with the several story elements: actors, world elements,
                                        etc.
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011   VideoJogos 2011




Context
• Drama Management – Hierarchical View
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011          VideoJogos 2011




Context
• Drama Management – Cooperative View




             Agents initiative




                                       Drama Manager initiative
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                         VideoJogos 2011




                                                                        TARGET
     Transformative, Adaptive, Responsive and enGaging EnvironmenT
                          A   FP7 Integrated Project in Technology Enhanced Learning




   • Key Benefits :
       • Rapid Competence Development
       • Acquisition of complex and soft competences
       • Aimed at organization integration
       • Digital natives ready
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                  VideoJogos 2011




Story landscape
• In order to effectively manage the drama, it’s
  important to understand the impact of the player
  actions in the story unfold.




                          Story Landscape (Louchart 2008)
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                      VideoJogos 2011




Fabula Model




                          Fabula Model (Swarje et al in 2006)
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                   VideoJogos 2011




Fabula Model revisited
• Perception Elements (Perception, Event, Internal
  Element)
• Decision Elements (Goal, Action)

                          Goal   Action




                                                                      Internal
                                              Perception    Events   Elements
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011        VideoJogos 2011




Plot Guidance Process




   Story                   Case                  Guidance
 Annotation               Matching                Protocol
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                VideoJogos 2011




Plot Guidance Process
• Story Annotation


                                 N2
                                                         N1
                                                                        N2

                      N2
                           N1
                                                              N3
                                      N3
                                                                             N4


      N1              N1    N4                                     N5
                                                         N6




                                                                             time
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                  VideoJogos 2011




Plot Guidance Process
• Case Matching



  N1
                    N2
                                 Match
                                                                     Narrative
          N3
                                                                      Cases
                            N4


               N5
 N6



      Current Story graph




                                                Narrative cases previously defined by
                                                pedagogical and domain experts.
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                            VideoJogos 2011




Graph matching strategies
• Number of common nodes


         Narrative Case:


          Node             Node          Node          Node
           A                 B            C             D




         Story Graph:

     …                                                                         …
                   Node           Node          Node           Node   Node
                    G              H             A               I      B




                                                Match Confidance Level = 50%
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                            VideoJogos 2011




Graph matching strategies
• Different between the expected and the real
  distance
         Narrative Case:


          Node             Node          Node          Node
           A                 B            C             D




         Story Graph:

     …                                                                         …
                   Node           Node          Node           Node   Node
                    G              H             A               I      B




                                                Match Confidance Level = 50%
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                            VideoJogos 2011




Graph matching strategies
• Number of common nodes taking into account the
  weight
         Narrative Case:


          Node             Node          Node          Node
           A                 B            C             D




         Story Graph:                       Weight = 100              Weight = 20

     …                                                                              …
                   Node           Node          Node           Node       Node
                    G              H             A               I          B




                                                Match Confidance Level = 40%
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                    VideoJogos 2011




Plot Guidance Process                                                   Confidance level = 20%


                                                  Confidance level = 31,5%

• Case Matching

                                    Confidance level = 60%



  N1
                    N2
                                 Match
                                                                             Narrative
          N3
                                             Confidance level = 75%           Cases
                            N4


               N5
 N6



      Current Story graph
                                                Confidance level = 0%



                                                   Narrative cases previously defined by
                                                   pedagogical and domain experts.
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                       VideoJogos 2011




Plot Guidance Process
• Guidance Protocol


                          Synchronize
                            beliefs



                                          Goal
                                        Negotiation



                                                         Plan
                                                      Negotiation
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011   VideoJogos 2011




Plot Guidance Process
• Guidance Protocol
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011   VideoJogos 2011




Guidance Protocol
• Goal negotiation
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011   VideoJogos 2011




Guidance Protocol
• Plan negotiation
© Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011                   VideoJogos 2011




Conclusions
                             The ability to infer
                                knowledge
                              about the story
                                  unfold
                                                        The ability to use
            The ability to                               this knowledge
              represent                                    to guide the
              dramatic                                   player through
              situations                                    meaningful
                                                           experiences


                                Supports
                               Emergent
                               Narratives

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Video jogos2011

  • 1. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 COLLABORATIVE NEGOTIATED DELIBERATION PROTOCOL FOR MANAGING EMERGENT NARRATIVES IN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS Cláudia Ribeiro
  • 2. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Context • Interactive Storytelling chanlleges Interactive Drama is a computer- based fiction where a user chooses most of the actions for the main character in a story. This is a hard challenge, because it involves both the dynamic generation of narrative events and the integration of user inputs within the generation.
  • 3. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Context • Narrative Structures • Linear Structure • Branched Structure Branched Narrative Structure
  • 4. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Context • Emergent Narratives Unscripted narrative that emerges directly from the virtual and user-controlled characters. (Aylett 1999). The Player is not limited in his possibilities to influence the story
  • 5. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Context • Drama Management There’s no guarantee that the stories that will emerge are interesting and meaninfull... The use of Emergent Narratives implies the existence of a Drama Manager (DM) (Szilas 2003).
  • 6. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Context • Drama Management Character-based Guiding the low-level behaviour of a set of autonomous agents around a story context, taking into account the user interaction. Plot-based Guiding the plot unflod from a high-level view, interacting with the several story elements: actors, world elements, etc.
  • 7. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Context • Drama Management – Hierarchical View
  • 8. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Context • Drama Management – Cooperative View Agents initiative Drama Manager initiative
  • 9. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 TARGET Transformative, Adaptive, Responsive and enGaging EnvironmenT A FP7 Integrated Project in Technology Enhanced Learning • Key Benefits : • Rapid Competence Development • Acquisition of complex and soft competences • Aimed at organization integration • Digital natives ready
  • 10. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Story landscape • In order to effectively manage the drama, it’s important to understand the impact of the player actions in the story unfold. Story Landscape (Louchart 2008)
  • 11. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Fabula Model Fabula Model (Swarje et al in 2006)
  • 12. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Fabula Model revisited • Perception Elements (Perception, Event, Internal Element) • Decision Elements (Goal, Action) Goal Action Internal Perception Events Elements
  • 13. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Plot Guidance Process Story Case Guidance Annotation Matching Protocol
  • 14. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Plot Guidance Process • Story Annotation N2 N1 N2 N2 N1 N3 N3 N4 N1 N1 N4 N5 N6 time
  • 15. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Plot Guidance Process • Case Matching N1 N2 Match Narrative N3 Cases N4 N5 N6 Current Story graph Narrative cases previously defined by pedagogical and domain experts.
  • 16. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Graph matching strategies • Number of common nodes Narrative Case: Node Node Node Node A B C D Story Graph: … … Node Node Node Node Node G H A I B Match Confidance Level = 50%
  • 17. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Graph matching strategies • Different between the expected and the real distance Narrative Case: Node Node Node Node A B C D Story Graph: … … Node Node Node Node Node G H A I B Match Confidance Level = 50%
  • 18. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Graph matching strategies • Number of common nodes taking into account the weight Narrative Case: Node Node Node Node A B C D Story Graph: Weight = 100 Weight = 20 … … Node Node Node Node Node G H A I B Match Confidance Level = 40%
  • 19. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Plot Guidance Process Confidance level = 20% Confidance level = 31,5% • Case Matching Confidance level = 60% N1 N2 Match Narrative N3 Confidance level = 75% Cases N4 N5 N6 Current Story graph Confidance level = 0% Narrative cases previously defined by pedagogical and domain experts.
  • 20. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Plot Guidance Process • Guidance Protocol Synchronize beliefs Goal Negotiation Plan Negotiation
  • 21. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Plot Guidance Process • Guidance Protocol
  • 22. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Guidance Protocol • Goal negotiation
  • 23. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Guidance Protocol • Plan negotiation
  • 24. © Cláudia Ribeiro- 2011 VideoJogos 2011 Conclusions The ability to infer knowledge about the story unfold The ability to use The ability to this knowledge represent to guide the dramatic player through situations meaningful experiences Supports Emergent Narratives

Editor's Notes

  1. Falar das limitações
  2. That is very interesting but there’s no guarantee that the stories that will emerge are interesting and meaninfull...
  3. As Szilas argues on (Szilas 2003) the use of a hierarchical Drama Manager is the reason way most of the IS systems are limited.
  4. Is a conceptual methafor to visually represent an EN. Hills represent dramatic situations that in our context means situated context related to competence learning.