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Essay on Medical Research
Should medical research be continued when many couldn 't afford it?
Science has advanced by leaps and bounds over the years, with much of the results are achieved
through plenty of research and knowledge. One of the areas of research where we spend the most
funds on is medical research. With the rise of poverty and healthcare costs, complaints on expensive
medical research being a waste of funds have arose. The thoughts behind these complaints are that
the result of these researches benefit more to some parties–such as medical institutions for the profit
they might get, a country for its 'name ', and the researchers for their satisfaction– instead of the
public, and how massive amount of funding have been allocated for medical research...show more
content...
Preventative medicine is one of the most important discoveries in the history of medicine.
Diseases that were once common are now very rare because of this type of medicine, or normally
called 'vaccine '. For instance, the research into polio vaccines spent a significant amount of funds,
but it was a wonderful success. Additionally, the price for the vaccine is very reasonable, showing
that medical research doesn 't always result in expensive treatments. The medications for dengue
fever has found thanks to medical research. However, intensive experiments have found an
evidently cheaper and easily obtainable natural medication, which is papaya leaf juice. It is also
notable that along with the progression of the medical sector, healthcare costs and medicines for
many common illnesses are now cheaper than they were in the past. With new discoveries regarding
the substances used to make the medicines, less expensive substances are used and therefore making
them cheaper and more accessible.
It is also to be considered that if we disallow a research for continuing just because of expenditure
reason, we risk destroying its value entirely. For example, the research into cancer has gone for a
long period. It is a pity to stop it because that would mean destroying the value of ongoing multi–year
studies. Even though it is true that current research hasn 't resolved the issues of cancer and other
'currently incurable ' diseases, there is no
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Reflection Paper On Marketing
At the beginning of this class, my main objective was to learn more about finance and learn about
marketing. When I first review the class's syllabus, I thought this class would be mainly about
marketing and investments, but I was glad to find out that the class was about more than just
marketing. I would definitely say that I met my objectives and even more because I learned more
than I was expecting. This class helped developed a security about a business idea that was on my
mind for years which is having my own private investigations company. Before this class, the idea
of owning a company about something that I am very passionate about was only just an idea and I
never thought I could have been developed a possible marketing plan. Thanks to this class, I was
able to work on a marketing plan for my dream company. Even though some assignments were
difficult, I felt that no one could have taken the excitement I felt every single time I sat down to
work on my own business marketing plan.
It is important to mention that my feelings about this great experience are truthful. I understand
that some people might say that most students are not truthful when given feedback about the
class or the professor because they fear retaliation, but I am very happy to say this is not the case
for me. I am a very truthful person and I say it how it is, I am not the type of student that would
write something nice to make the professor feel better or to avoid a low grade, I just
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Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Importance and purpose of research
Research is important to understand, increase knowledge, and get information for social life.
Social research is conducted to extend knowledge about some aspects of society like humanities,
business or any social science [asi]. Research is used to form or develop new theories in order to
understand the process behind particular event or behavior, or review the correctness of existing
theories. In addition, research is also conducted to inform decisions or action to solve everyday
issues such as evaluating the effectiveness of policy. [abr] and [brm] of the business research
emphasis on the importance of research as getting problem–solving information. Research is the
process of studying and analyzing the aspects of the issue as to explore the solution to the business.
The summaries of the core objectives of research are testing existing knowledge, developing new
system or generating new knowledge, seeking solution for issues, and analyzing new problems or
investigating existing problems [br].
Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigm
[br] a research paradigm is a philosophical perspective that guides how scientific research should be
conducted. Philosophy is 'a set or system of beliefs [stemming from] the study of the fundamental
nature of knowledge, reality, and existence' (Waite and Hawker, 2009, p.685).
[w1] The most influential or the dominant ones of philosophical framework are positivism and
interpretivism. During the twentieth
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Career Research Essay
"I feel sorry for the person who can't get genuinely excited about his work. Not only will he never
be satisfied, but he will never achieve anything worthwhile" (Walter Chrysler). Deciding on what
one wants to be in life can prove to be a demanding task. There are so many, yet limited, different
opportunities in the world to have an excellent career and make a decent living while doing
something one loves. It is limited because there are only a few specific career paths that someone
could take to make good money. It is very difficult to make a fulfilling living being a garbage man.
There are many different opportunities because, within these specific careers, there are usually
various paths to take. Someone who has dreams to be a...show more content...
I am also interested in both design and math and as I was researching a job that incorporated these
two skills I came across civil engineering. Right now I have to decide which job path would be the
best one to take, counseling or civil engineering. Through the research shown below, I received an
overwhelming amount of information on every little detail of these jobs. Psychology "Few
fields of study offer more career opportunities than does psychology" (Sternburg 3). There are a
wide selection of specialties a person could go into with a bachelor's degree in psychology. In
graduate school, which is a must to attend, there is the option to explore the different specialities
or to go into the desired specialty without any research of the others. There are also many options
within a specific specialty. There is the option to be a teacher, to work for various organizations,
be a speaker, to have your own practice, and many others. In the psychology field these options
can all be combined. In fact it is expected of psychologists to do more activities involving their
specialty than solely sit in an office and listen to patients. There are two specialities that I am
interested in however, over the years, these specialties have become very similar. Clinical and
counseling psychology have evolved to become one in the same. Someone who specializes in
clinical psychology are more
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Essay on Market Research
Market Research
Market research, one of the key factors to a businesses success in its industry. The primary function
of market research is to identify the customers needs and views, also allows a business to access
thorough information of the industry it's planning to work within, it also allows the company once
its analysed the information to adjust how its run to cope with demand and other aspects which
could affect the outcome of their profits at the end. Market research can be carried out through
primary research, secondary research or both. It is also the promotion of the product/service, which
a company is selling; promotion is vital to a company's success due to the fact that, if the...show more
content...
Other methods of carrying out primary research include "test marketing" a new or service in a
particular area of the country, using a test panel or setting up a consumer panel. For the survey to
be valid the sample surveyed must be large enough to give significant results and it must be focused
on a key audience/customer. It all depends on the product or service being surveyed.
Secondary Research
Secondary or desk research is the use of existing, already collected data. This could be anything
from Department of Trade and Industry reports to a company's sale statistics. Also company reports,
government statistics, and surveys published by research organisations can be used as secondary
sources of information. Desk research is quicker and cheaper than field/secondary research, but
findings are not necessarily accurate or always relevant to your product.
In the results from the research of what a business has collected is vital to the businesses survival
and the difference between whether it makes a loss or profit. The results are usually used in product
development or the business aims to work around what they have found out and adapt to customers
needs and the industry.
Promotion
Promotion is also a key area of marketing. Promotion is the process of how a business raises
awareness of its product, many different techniques
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Special Delivery Analysis
The first essay I read was Special Delivery. This essay was particularly funny to me because I
could see my husband saying everything this new father was writing. When my husband and I
had our first son I could see the panic in his eyes. Then my husband, like Brian, was scared to be
in the delivery room. He also toughed it out and surprisingly became very supportive and excited.
When we talk about the delivery, he describes it the same as Brian, they felt it was gross. When I
was in recovery my husband stayed with our son and he also described a feeling that his whole
world changed because of the little, wrinkly boy he was holding in his arms. The second essay I
read was Epiphany. In this essay the writer is describing a moment
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WhatĐ’Ň‘s Market Research? Essay examples
Market research is a process which companies, industries and organisations carry out to gather,
analyse and interpret information gathered from the market. Market research can research about a
new product that is going to sell on the market or an existing product and get to know existing and
future customers spending habits and their preference. Besides, market research also involves
research on competitors business owner face. A successful market research is a market research that
can collect accurate information from the market because accurate information help business owner
to make the right decisions and thus it helps them to make more profit.
Basically market research can be identified into four main class of study. First is...show more
content...
There are five steps to carry out market research. Market research start with defining objectives
that is to identify the end result that needs to be achieved. Next is developing the sample. This is
to determine the group which can provide us answers that are related to our research for example
if we want to make a market research about education then we can find a target group of parents,
teachers and students. If we want to a do a market research about health care then our target
group might be doctors and patients. Next is to develop questions. Developing questions is a
very important part as the questions asked should not be biased in order to collect useful and
accurate information. A biased question is a question that directly or indirectly force the user to
choose the answers. For example a question ask "do you want money?". Then this is a biased
question because all of us will choose "want" therefore it has force people to the answer. The next
step is collecting data. Collecting data can be carry out by giving out surveys through phone, web,
mails, face to face interviews and others. There are many factors that can affect the choice of
choosing the way of collecting examples are research objectives, cost and timing. The last step is
analysing results. This is the most important steps as it is all about understanding and interpreting
what the data collected revealed.
Market research can be divided into two types of research. The first type of
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A Research Study On Research
The research topic is selected, the testable research question is developed, research on the topic is
found, the literature review is completed, and a decision is made on the research design. Now, one of
the most important steps in the research process to accomplish is the collection of data.
Notwithstanding the research project and whether the method of research is whether qualitative or
quantitative, data must be collected. Data collection is essential whether the method of choice is
a mail survey, a telephone survey, an interview, an experiment, field research, or secondary data
analysis. Data collection is an important aspect of any research study. Inaccurate data can impact
the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. During the data collection step, a
significant amount of time, energy and attention are required. In order to ensure the data
collection process is valid and successful, one should adhere to the four steps involved: (1) the
construction of a collection data form which is used to organize all data that is collected; (2) the
designation of the coding strategy used to represent data on a data collection form; (3) the
collection of the actual data; and (4) entry into the data collection form (Salkind, 2012). Once the
researcher knows what information to collect and where to find it, the first step in the data
collection process is to organize the data on a constructed collection data form. This process allows
the researcher to make
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Throughout this semester in the Introduction to Academic Research course, I learned a great deal
about research. We covered a wide variety of topics that encompassed topics such as methods of
field research, the unknowns when conducting research (the Black Box activity), the differences that
exist among fields when using the word "research", and many others.
I'll begin with what I learned about myself. Throughout this course, I learned a great deal about my
future interests and the characteristics I exhibit when participating in a group project. When working
with Rob Geis and Martin Castro, I searched constantly and relentlessly through the CIA database to
find any information relevant to our project and the argument we wished to make....show more
content...
I believe my research interests lie within the American South. I am fascinated by the historic and
economic elements of the region that I call home. I personally believe that learning about your
interests is important but the strengths, values, and limitations that you bring to the table are
more important. Learning this about yourself helps to address your own weaknesses and to find
individuals that balance the research group out. Throughout this course, I also learned a bit about
research. My concept of research changed very little. Throughout high school and the IB
program, I learned how to evaluate sources, the importance of primary sources, and other
elements of research. In my senior year, I completed an original work entitled "How has the
internet changed the market structure of local news with reference to the Augusta Chronicle in
Augusta, Georgia?". The research paper was over 24 pages and nearly 4,000 words long. I
received an A (a grade received by 10.59% of all students involved in most difficult international
high school program in the world) for my Extended Essay grade from the IB Economics
examiners in India. I was also asked to complete research reports in other individual courses. One
of these reports included my IB History of the Americas class. In this report, I examined how
accurate the media portrayal of Jefferson Davis following the Civil War reflected his personality
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English 101 Research Paper
English 101 might seem like an easy course to take for some students. For other students such as
myself, English 101 was one of the classes I feared and procrastinated on taking. Coming from an
ESL background, English was the class I have always struggled with the most. I've always excelled
in science/ mathematics courses. I prefer the correct answers to be facts and universal. Creativity is
not my forte. The process of putting your thoughts down on paper in an organized manner, with
correct punctuation, and citing works used, seemed like a complicated, tedious task before taking
English 101 this summer.
Taking a look back at my past writing assignments and drafts for each one, I can clearly see the
improvement in organization. My first draft for writing assignment 1 was basically one long
paragraph. I clearly remember Mr. Bogdaniec's advice on how to separate and create individual
paragraphs that only contain one topic or main idea. Also with his handouts on writing an
introductory paragraph and how to write the conclusion paragraph were extremely helpful in putting
together my first writing assignment in this class. I followed the steps on brainstorming and then
steps for creating a plot, and didn't feel overwhelmed and confused as I had anticipated. I followed
Mr....show more content...
Bogdaniecs teachings and instructions was punctuation, specifically commas. I was one of those
people under the wrong assumption that commas were placed whenever there was a pause in a
sentence or you are listing off multiple items, adjectives or verbs. Obviously I was wrong. In
writing assignment 2 I had a few mistakes where I forgot to use correct punctuation. After
reviewing Mr. Bogdanic remarks on assignment 2, I was able to go back and correct my
punctuation mistakes and get a 105 out of 100 points for my revision. I finally understood why we
use commas, and the importance of placing them in the correct location of a
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What I Have Learned About Research
What I have learned about research is that it is a process, a scientific process that psychologist
and scientist develop that includes many different approaches and that is carefully peer reviewed
and evaluated. There is what is called the Scientific Approach where scientist have an idea or
theory and based on their observation will either support the theory or the theory can be falsified
by their peers. Data also goes through a review period before it is published in a scientific journal
by scientist who have the knowledge and expertise to evaluate it.
I also learned the difference between basic and applied research where basic research focuses mostly
on things such as emotion, cognition, social behavior, personality development, learning, and
neuropsychology. Basic research will be more helpful for answering fundamental questions about the
nature of behavior. Applied research however, addresses more of a specific problem with a possible
solution. Program evaluation covers a large area of applied research. Program evaluation assesses the
social reforms and innovations that occur in government, education, the criminal justice system,
industry, health care, and mental health institutions. When discussing behavioral research it is
imperative to note the precedents that it has in many fields and the significance of the applications
to public policy.
A variable is referred to as any event, situation, behavior, or individual characteristic that changes or
varies. Any variable
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Essay on Types Of Research
Research is done everyday. Research is used in the many different situations managers encounter
everyday. Research is part of the problem–solving manager do to make decisions. Research is
defined as "the process of finding solutions to problem after thorough study and analysis of the
situational factor" (Sekaran, p3, 2003). Managers use research for daily operational problem as well
as bigger problems that can require hired research consultants. Managers who use research are able
to communicate with the hired consultants because they understand the process of inquiry,
investigation, examination, and explanation. Managers are also, capable of understanding the
difference in good and bad studies, and can apply the research done to...show more content...
Applied research is "aimed at solving a currently experienced problem" (Sekaran, p10, 2003). This
research can be as simple as finding solutions to daily operational problems.
One problem managers consistently want research on is the relationship between customer
satisfaction and loyalty. The research found on the relationship of customer satisfaction and loyalty
spans over the past decade. Many researchers argue that there is no relationship between customer
satisfaction and loyalty while others find direct correlations between the two and a business's
profitability. In Roger Hadowell's study, he defines loyalty as both behavioral and attitude while
conducting his research on a banking organization. He states that behaviors including continuance,
increased relationship, and recommendations are all behaviors of loyalty to an organization
(Hadowell, 1996). His research illustrates the "relationship of profitability to customer related
outcomes that managers can influence directly" (Hadowell, 1996). His findings support the
hypothesis that customer satisfaction influences customer loyalty increasing profitability. Hadowell
addresses two difficulties that he encountered during his research. First, work with the organization
in order to develop the ideal measurement system used for the research. Secondly, focus on data
collected over a period of time with strong organizations (Hadowell, 1996).
In the White Page Series, researcher Burke
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Fundamentals of Research Essay
It has always been human nature to seek answers, find solutions to problems, observe, and bring
awareness of discoveries. This process of inquiry has become more sophisticated and daunting
throughout time. Nevertheless, curiosity and the need to progress remains the same. Many regard
research as gathering information and using facts to support findings (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, pg.
1–2). Nevertheless, Leedy and Ormrod (2010), define research as "a systematic process of collecting,
analyzing, and interpreting information (data) in order to increase our understanding of a
phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned" (Leedy & Ormond, 2010, pg. 2). Nunan's
definition (as cited in Mustafa, 2011), describes research as having a...show more content...
Beyer (1985) describes critical thinking as "evaluating information or arguments in terms of their
accuracy and worth" (as cited in Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, p. 31). For example, music teachers face
the challenge of managing large classes with a variety of learning and behavioral needs. Music
teachers do not have the proper training or resources to support students with disabilities and
depend on other curriculum to plan according to the various learning needs in the class. Another
challenge is optimizing time to plan appropriate music activities for various grade levels, and
musical events in a tight schedule. The research will be based on critical thinking skills that will
focus on the goal, thus finding alternative methods to improve and adapt the music curriculum
(Leedy &Orrod, 2010, pg. 32). Nevertheless, to attain the goal, the researcher needs to have and
design a plan.
The origin of the "subproblems" lead to possible hypotheses. Using class size as an example,
administrators have the freedom to create an instructional schedule in order to support the
instructional needs of the school. Based on the state assessment, schools receive a grade, thus
placing unnecessary stress on the students, teachers and administrators. As a result, schedules are
designed around the core subjects giving language arts and math teachers' instructional support and
common
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Research Paper On Fear
Fear. Such a strong emotion that many of us feel everyday. Without fear the world would be a
disaster but with it can make someones life a disaster. There are many people in today's society
that let fear over rule them. These people let the fear over rule their whole life, making them not
able to go outside because they are absolutely terrified by what is out that door. Then, there are
people that are fearless, that rush into a burning house because they literally are not scared. One
could say that most of the population is about right between those two lines. Fear can sneak up on
one from out of no where and make you lock up. There is literally a fear for everything so one
should not be distraught if something odd should intrigue fear on them. For example, I am scared
of spiders. I have literally always been scared...show more content...
Fear is often related to our social peers. Fear can hit one like no other when there are all the social
pressures on one, making them collapse. The social pressure can be unbearable and strike fear
into almost anyone. For example, all your friends are trying marijuana. They keep repeatedly
telling you to try it and it'll be cool if you do. You don't know what there smoking, but then again
you don't want to lose them as friends. This can strike someone down with fear because they have
no clue what to do. For another example there is always the opinion of others. Especially for a
high school student. Other children can be downright ruthless, making fun of what you wear,
look like, or even how you smell. These aspects can make one even scared to go to school. These
kids strike you down with more and more opinions every day causing you to be more scared of
school everyday. This is just like the physical fear, you have to stand up for yourself, because if
they see they can do it once they're not going to just stop. You have to stand up and say i don't care
what anyone thinks and be
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3.4 Research philosophy and approach
Before the initiation of research, it is imperative to outline the research philosophy. This term, also
known as research paradigm, provides the researcher with a framework to follow and a consistent
approach while carrying out all the research activities. It formulates the researcher's beliefs and
assumptions which help to keep a focused approach throughout. Saunders et al. (2012) provides a
framework for many different possible research methods which is a very effective way of structuring
the strategy of a research project. The research 'onion', as seen on the next page, provides four
different philosophies that could be used.
The interpretivist approach was chosen to best suit this research as the nature...show more content...
Quantitative and qualitative methods must be assessed and the decision must be made on whether
the research question will be answered more credibly by producing statistical evidence or by
exploring real life attitudes and examples. For this study, qualitative research has been chosen as it is
said to be most suitable when exploring new areas as it allows the researcher to be more involved
in the process (Saunders et al., 2012). This enables a greater scope to gain a more insightful
understanding into areas such as UK/Irish trade relationships and how they might change in the
future. This gives the researcher a greater ability to assess the impact Brexit will have on Irish
pharmaceutical
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Ethical Issues With Stem Cell Research Essay
The ethical issues of stem cell research are closely tied to their social issues. Embryonic stem cell
research causes many social dilemmas and raises the long–debated question of when life conception
starts. To many, life conception starts immediately after fertilization, supporting the idea that the
embryo is the equivalent of a human life. As a result, pro–life supporters and religious groups view
ESC research as the equivalent of murder. On the contrary, some do not believe that embryos
possess the same moral status as a living person. Supporters also argue that the blastula, where
ESCs are derived from, are already commonly created and destroyed by fertility clinics. Therefore,
instead of destroying surplus blastula, they could be put into better use in ESC labs, which could
lead to more treatments. While ESCs hold a tremendous potential for advancements in human health,
people still wonder if the benefits outweigh the costs. People have the duty of respecting human life,
however to many, ESC research violates this principle, since it results in the destruction of a human
embryo. Meanwhile, people also feel the moral responsibility of helping...show more content...
It results in a one–celled embryo that is genetically identical to the donated somatic cell. Cloning
embryos is a technique aimed at providing a source of stem cells that can be used for research and
therapies. The social and ethical issues of stem cells are closely linked, and similarly, SCNT also
raises the question: What is the moral status of an embryo?
The answer is subjective, and SCNT faces many opponents from religious and pro–life organizations,
since it involves the creation of an embryo with the purpose of destroying it. On the other hand,
supporters believe that the treatments that could potentially be developed outweigh its
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Research Methods Essay
Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow
a process system that involved defining a principle of research.
General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research
often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in
comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects;
Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics.
However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects
view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict
hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content...
Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem
by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a
problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets
qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is
holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to
specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research
"is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a
holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a
natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative
research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers
evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that trustworthiness could be judged
by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability.
For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and
transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative research report. In order to prevent
researcher bias they can have other researchers point out
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Methodology of Research Essay examples
Methodology of Research
The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a
structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the
questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of
all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and
hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need
for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If
the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more
and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content...
Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to
obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions,
whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer
amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of
my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have
received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant
tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I
have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease.
Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the
effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define
what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a
mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that
home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the
household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By
asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower
and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I
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Exploratory Research Essay
The purpose of this study is to determine whether socioeconomic status impedes the cognitive
development of African American boys' literacy in schools. This is a quantitative research study
using an exploratory research design. This design will show how socioeconomic status correlates
with poverty, lack of parental involvement, and environmental factors. The researcher will use
snowball sampling to gain participants from a referral from an initial participant from this survey.
The survey will be given to 20 participants at the City View Apartments in the West Blvd
neighborhood community; that will have closed ended questions for desired results of this research.
All responses will be confidential and used solely for the purpose of this study.
Study Description The effects of low Socioeconomic Status (SES) on African American children can
be detrimental to their cognitive development. Some government programs such as Head Start and
No Child Left Behind Act was enacted to assist with the disparities in the achievement gap that is
affecting low income students. However, African American boys' that are in a low SES are at a
much greater risk than their counterparts. According to The United Way...show more content...
There are 13 closed ended questions that are used to collect quantitative data. Each question was
used to understand how low income, literacy among parents, and environment play a role in a
child's cognitive development. Data was collected using the snow ball sampling method. The first
10 participants were located by word of mouth in the community. The next 10 participants were
referrals given to me by the previous participants who are a part of the same target population. The
snowball sampling method is a non–probability sampling technique where existing study subjects
recruit future
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Here are a few key points about the "Special Delivery" essay:- Tone: The tone is humorous and self-deprecating. The author pokes fun at his own panic and lack of preparedness for fatherhood. - Theme: The overarching theme is the shock and learning curve that comes with becoming a new parent for the first time. Nothing can fully prepare you for the responsibility.- Structure: The essay follows the author's experience from when his wife goes into labor through bringing the baby home. It's structured chronologically.- Details: Specific funny details bring the experience to life, like not knowing what to pack for the hospital or being terrified by the baby's tiny size

  • 1. Essay on Medical Research Should medical research be continued when many couldn 't afford it? Science has advanced by leaps and bounds over the years, with much of the results are achieved through plenty of research and knowledge. One of the areas of research where we spend the most funds on is medical research. With the rise of poverty and healthcare costs, complaints on expensive medical research being a waste of funds have arose. The thoughts behind these complaints are that the result of these researches benefit more to some parties–such as medical institutions for the profit they might get, a country for its 'name ', and the researchers for their satisfaction– instead of the public, and how massive amount of funding have been allocated for medical research...show more content... Preventative medicine is one of the most important discoveries in the history of medicine. Diseases that were once common are now very rare because of this type of medicine, or normally called 'vaccine '. For instance, the research into polio vaccines spent a significant amount of funds, but it was a wonderful success. Additionally, the price for the vaccine is very reasonable, showing that medical research doesn 't always result in expensive treatments. The medications for dengue fever has found thanks to medical research. However, intensive experiments have found an evidently cheaper and easily obtainable natural medication, which is papaya leaf juice. It is also notable that along with the progression of the medical sector, healthcare costs and medicines for many common illnesses are now cheaper than they were in the past. With new discoveries regarding the substances used to make the medicines, less expensive substances are used and therefore making them cheaper and more accessible. It is also to be considered that if we disallow a research for continuing just because of expenditure reason, we risk destroying its value entirely. For example, the research into cancer has gone for a long period. It is a pity to stop it because that would mean destroying the value of ongoing multi–year studies. Even though it is true that current research hasn 't resolved the issues of cancer and other 'currently incurable ' diseases, there is no Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Reflection Paper On Marketing At the beginning of this class, my main objective was to learn more about finance and learn about marketing. When I first review the class's syllabus, I thought this class would be mainly about marketing and investments, but I was glad to find out that the class was about more than just marketing. I would definitely say that I met my objectives and even more because I learned more than I was expecting. This class helped developed a security about a business idea that was on my mind for years which is having my own private investigations company. Before this class, the idea of owning a company about something that I am very passionate about was only just an idea and I never thought I could have been developed a possible marketing plan. Thanks to this class, I was able to work on a marketing plan for my dream company. Even though some assignments were difficult, I felt that no one could have taken the excitement I felt every single time I sat down to work on my own business marketing plan. It is important to mention that my feelings about this great experience are truthful. I understand that some people might say that most students are not truthful when given feedback about the class or the professor because they fear retaliation, but I am very happy to say this is not the case for me. I am a very truthful person and I say it how it is, I am not the type of student that would write something nice to make the professor feel better or to avoid a low grade, I just Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay Importance and purpose of research Research is important to understand, increase knowledge, and get information for social life. Social research is conducted to extend knowledge about some aspects of society like humanities, business or any social science [asi]. Research is used to form or develop new theories in order to understand the process behind particular event or behavior, or review the correctness of existing theories. In addition, research is also conducted to inform decisions or action to solve everyday issues such as evaluating the effectiveness of policy. [abr] and [brm] of the business research emphasis on the importance of research as getting problem–solving information. Research is the process of studying and analyzing the aspects of the issue as to explore the solution to the business. The summaries of the core objectives of research are testing existing knowledge, developing new system or generating new knowledge, seeking solution for issues, and analyzing new problems or investigating existing problems [br]. Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigm [br] a research paradigm is a philosophical perspective that guides how scientific research should be conducted. Philosophy is 'a set or system of beliefs [stemming from] the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence' (Waite and Hawker, 2009, p.685). [w1] The most influential or the dominant ones of philosophical framework are positivism and interpretivism. During the twentieth Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Career Research Essay "I feel sorry for the person who can't get genuinely excited about his work. Not only will he never be satisfied, but he will never achieve anything worthwhile" (Walter Chrysler). Deciding on what one wants to be in life can prove to be a demanding task. There are so many, yet limited, different opportunities in the world to have an excellent career and make a decent living while doing something one loves. It is limited because there are only a few specific career paths that someone could take to make good money. It is very difficult to make a fulfilling living being a garbage man. There are many different opportunities because, within these specific careers, there are usually various paths to take. Someone who has dreams to be a...show more content... I am also interested in both design and math and as I was researching a job that incorporated these two skills I came across civil engineering. Right now I have to decide which job path would be the best one to take, counseling or civil engineering. Through the research shown below, I received an overwhelming amount of information on every little detail of these jobs. Psychology "Few fields of study offer more career opportunities than does psychology" (Sternburg 3). There are a wide selection of specialties a person could go into with a bachelor's degree in psychology. In graduate school, which is a must to attend, there is the option to explore the different specialities or to go into the desired specialty without any research of the others. There are also many options within a specific specialty. There is the option to be a teacher, to work for various organizations, be a speaker, to have your own practice, and many others. In the psychology field these options can all be combined. In fact it is expected of psychologists to do more activities involving their specialty than solely sit in an office and listen to patients. There are two specialities that I am interested in however, over the years, these specialties have become very similar. Clinical and counseling psychology have evolved to become one in the same. Someone who specializes in clinical psychology are more Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Essay on Market Research Market Research Market research, one of the key factors to a businesses success in its industry. The primary function of market research is to identify the customers needs and views, also allows a business to access thorough information of the industry it's planning to work within, it also allows the company once its analysed the information to adjust how its run to cope with demand and other aspects which could affect the outcome of their profits at the end. Market research can be carried out through primary research, secondary research or both. It is also the promotion of the product/service, which a company is selling; promotion is vital to a company's success due to the fact that, if the...show more content... Other methods of carrying out primary research include "test marketing" a new or service in a particular area of the country, using a test panel or setting up a consumer panel. For the survey to be valid the sample surveyed must be large enough to give significant results and it must be focused on a key audience/customer. It all depends on the product or service being surveyed. Secondary Research Secondary or desk research is the use of existing, already collected data. This could be anything from Department of Trade and Industry reports to a company's sale statistics. Also company reports, government statistics, and surveys published by research organisations can be used as secondary sources of information. Desk research is quicker and cheaper than field/secondary research, but findings are not necessarily accurate or always relevant to your product. In the results from the research of what a business has collected is vital to the businesses survival and the difference between whether it makes a loss or profit. The results are usually used in product development or the business aims to work around what they have found out and adapt to customers needs and the industry. Promotion Promotion is also a key area of marketing. Promotion is the process of how a business raises awareness of its product, many different techniques Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Special Delivery Analysis The first essay I read was Special Delivery. This essay was particularly funny to me because I could see my husband saying everything this new father was writing. When my husband and I had our first son I could see the panic in his eyes. Then my husband, like Brian, was scared to be in the delivery room. He also toughed it out and surprisingly became very supportive and excited. When we talk about the delivery, he describes it the same as Brian, they felt it was gross. When I was in recovery my husband stayed with our son and he also described a feeling that his whole world changed because of the little, wrinkly boy he was holding in his arms. The second essay I read was Epiphany. In this essay the writer is describing a moment Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. WhatĐ’Ň‘s Market Research? Essay examples Market research is a process which companies, industries and organisations carry out to gather, analyse and interpret information gathered from the market. Market research can research about a new product that is going to sell on the market or an existing product and get to know existing and future customers spending habits and their preference. Besides, market research also involves research on competitors business owner face. A successful market research is a market research that can collect accurate information from the market because accurate information help business owner to make the right decisions and thus it helps them to make more profit. Basically market research can be identified into four main class of study. First is...show more content... There are five steps to carry out market research. Market research start with defining objectives that is to identify the end result that needs to be achieved. Next is developing the sample. This is to determine the group which can provide us answers that are related to our research for example if we want to make a market research about education then we can find a target group of parents, teachers and students. If we want to a do a market research about health care then our target group might be doctors and patients. Next is to develop questions. Developing questions is a very important part as the questions asked should not be biased in order to collect useful and accurate information. A biased question is a question that directly or indirectly force the user to choose the answers. For example a question ask "do you want money?". Then this is a biased question because all of us will choose "want" therefore it has force people to the answer. The next step is collecting data. Collecting data can be carry out by giving out surveys through phone, web, mails, face to face interviews and others. There are many factors that can affect the choice of choosing the way of collecting examples are research objectives, cost and timing. The last step is analysing results. This is the most important steps as it is all about understanding and interpreting what the data collected revealed. Market research can be divided into two types of research. The first type of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. A Research Study On Research The research topic is selected, the testable research question is developed, research on the topic is found, the literature review is completed, and a decision is made on the research design. Now, one of the most important steps in the research process to accomplish is the collection of data. Notwithstanding the research project and whether the method of research is whether qualitative or quantitative, data must be collected. Data collection is essential whether the method of choice is a mail survey, a telephone survey, an interview, an experiment, field research, or secondary data analysis. Data collection is an important aspect of any research study. Inaccurate data can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. During the data collection step, a significant amount of time, energy and attention are required. In order to ensure the data collection process is valid and successful, one should adhere to the four steps involved: (1) the construction of a collection data form which is used to organize all data that is collected; (2) the designation of the coding strategy used to represent data on a data collection form; (3) the collection of the actual data; and (4) entry into the data collection form (Salkind, 2012). Once the researcher knows what information to collect and where to find it, the first step in the data collection process is to organize the data on a constructed collection data form. This process allows the researcher to make Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Throughout this semester in the Introduction to Academic Research course, I learned a great deal about research. We covered a wide variety of topics that encompassed topics such as methods of field research, the unknowns when conducting research (the Black Box activity), the differences that exist among fields when using the word "research", and many others. I'll begin with what I learned about myself. Throughout this course, I learned a great deal about my future interests and the characteristics I exhibit when participating in a group project. When working with Rob Geis and Martin Castro, I searched constantly and relentlessly through the CIA database to find any information relevant to our project and the argument we wished to make....show more content... I believe my research interests lie within the American South. I am fascinated by the historic and economic elements of the region that I call home. I personally believe that learning about your interests is important but the strengths, values, and limitations that you bring to the table are more important. Learning this about yourself helps to address your own weaknesses and to find individuals that balance the research group out. Throughout this course, I also learned a bit about research. My concept of research changed very little. Throughout high school and the IB program, I learned how to evaluate sources, the importance of primary sources, and other elements of research. In my senior year, I completed an original work entitled "How has the internet changed the market structure of local news with reference to the Augusta Chronicle in Augusta, Georgia?". The research paper was over 24 pages and nearly 4,000 words long. I received an A (a grade received by 10.59% of all students involved in most difficult international high school program in the world) for my Extended Essay grade from the IB Economics examiners in India. I was also asked to complete research reports in other individual courses. One of these reports included my IB History of the Americas class. In this report, I examined how accurate the media portrayal of Jefferson Davis following the Civil War reflected his personality Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. English 101 Research Paper English 101 might seem like an easy course to take for some students. For other students such as myself, English 101 was one of the classes I feared and procrastinated on taking. Coming from an ESL background, English was the class I have always struggled with the most. I've always excelled in science/ mathematics courses. I prefer the correct answers to be facts and universal. Creativity is not my forte. The process of putting your thoughts down on paper in an organized manner, with correct punctuation, and citing works used, seemed like a complicated, tedious task before taking English 101 this summer. Taking a look back at my past writing assignments and drafts for each one, I can clearly see the improvement in organization. My first draft for writing assignment 1 was basically one long paragraph. I clearly remember Mr. Bogdaniec's advice on how to separate and create individual paragraphs that only contain one topic or main idea. Also with his handouts on writing an introductory paragraph and how to write the conclusion paragraph were extremely helpful in putting together my first writing assignment in this class. I followed the steps on brainstorming and then steps for creating a plot, and didn't feel overwhelmed and confused as I had anticipated. I followed Mr....show more content... Bogdaniecs teachings and instructions was punctuation, specifically commas. I was one of those people under the wrong assumption that commas were placed whenever there was a pause in a sentence or you are listing off multiple items, adjectives or verbs. Obviously I was wrong. In writing assignment 2 I had a few mistakes where I forgot to use correct punctuation. After reviewing Mr. Bogdanic remarks on assignment 2, I was able to go back and correct my punctuation mistakes and get a 105 out of 100 points for my revision. I finally understood why we use commas, and the importance of placing them in the correct location of a Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. What I Have Learned About Research What I have learned about research is that it is a process, a scientific process that psychologist and scientist develop that includes many different approaches and that is carefully peer reviewed and evaluated. There is what is called the Scientific Approach where scientist have an idea or theory and based on their observation will either support the theory or the theory can be falsified by their peers. Data also goes through a review period before it is published in a scientific journal by scientist who have the knowledge and expertise to evaluate it. I also learned the difference between basic and applied research where basic research focuses mostly on things such as emotion, cognition, social behavior, personality development, learning, and neuropsychology. Basic research will be more helpful for answering fundamental questions about the nature of behavior. Applied research however, addresses more of a specific problem with a possible solution. Program evaluation covers a large area of applied research. Program evaluation assesses the social reforms and innovations that occur in government, education, the criminal justice system, industry, health care, and mental health institutions. When discussing behavioral research it is imperative to note the precedents that it has in many fields and the significance of the applications to public policy. A variable is referred to as any event, situation, behavior, or individual characteristic that changes or varies. Any variable Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Essay on Types Of Research Research is done everyday. Research is used in the many different situations managers encounter everyday. Research is part of the problem–solving manager do to make decisions. Research is defined as "the process of finding solutions to problem after thorough study and analysis of the situational factor" (Sekaran, p3, 2003). Managers use research for daily operational problem as well as bigger problems that can require hired research consultants. Managers who use research are able to communicate with the hired consultants because they understand the process of inquiry, investigation, examination, and explanation. Managers are also, capable of understanding the difference in good and bad studies, and can apply the research done to...show more content... Applied research is "aimed at solving a currently experienced problem" (Sekaran, p10, 2003). This research can be as simple as finding solutions to daily operational problems. One problem managers consistently want research on is the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. The research found on the relationship of customer satisfaction and loyalty spans over the past decade. Many researchers argue that there is no relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty while others find direct correlations between the two and a business's profitability. In Roger Hadowell's study, he defines loyalty as both behavioral and attitude while conducting his research on a banking organization. He states that behaviors including continuance, increased relationship, and recommendations are all behaviors of loyalty to an organization (Hadowell, 1996). His research illustrates the "relationship of profitability to customer related outcomes that managers can influence directly" (Hadowell, 1996). His findings support the hypothesis that customer satisfaction influences customer loyalty increasing profitability. Hadowell addresses two difficulties that he encountered during his research. First, work with the organization in order to develop the ideal measurement system used for the research. Secondly, focus on data collected over a period of time with strong organizations (Hadowell, 1996). In the White Page Series, researcher Burke Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Fundamentals of Research Essay It has always been human nature to seek answers, find solutions to problems, observe, and bring awareness of discoveries. This process of inquiry has become more sophisticated and daunting throughout time. Nevertheless, curiosity and the need to progress remains the same. Many regard research as gathering information and using facts to support findings (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, pg. 1–2). Nevertheless, Leedy and Ormrod (2010), define research as "a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information (data) in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned" (Leedy & Ormond, 2010, pg. 2). Nunan's definition (as cited in Mustafa, 2011), describes research as having a...show more content... Beyer (1985) describes critical thinking as "evaluating information or arguments in terms of their accuracy and worth" (as cited in Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, p. 31). For example, music teachers face the challenge of managing large classes with a variety of learning and behavioral needs. Music teachers do not have the proper training or resources to support students with disabilities and depend on other curriculum to plan according to the various learning needs in the class. Another challenge is optimizing time to plan appropriate music activities for various grade levels, and musical events in a tight schedule. The research will be based on critical thinking skills that will focus on the goal, thus finding alternative methods to improve and adapt the music curriculum (Leedy &Orrod, 2010, pg. 32). Nevertheless, to attain the goal, the researcher needs to have and design a plan. The origin of the "subproblems" lead to possible hypotheses. Using class size as an example, administrators have the freedom to create an instructional schedule in order to support the instructional needs of the school. Based on the state assessment, schools receive a grade, thus placing unnecessary stress on the students, teachers and administrators. As a result, schedules are designed around the core subjects giving language arts and math teachers' instructional support and common Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Research Paper On Fear Fear. Such a strong emotion that many of us feel everyday. Without fear the world would be a disaster but with it can make someones life a disaster. There are many people in today's society that let fear over rule them. These people let the fear over rule their whole life, making them not able to go outside because they are absolutely terrified by what is out that door. Then, there are people that are fearless, that rush into a burning house because they literally are not scared. One could say that most of the population is about right between those two lines. Fear can sneak up on one from out of no where and make you lock up. There is literally a fear for everything so one should not be distraught if something odd should intrigue fear on them. For example, I am scared of spiders. I have literally always been scared...show more content... Fear is often related to our social peers. Fear can hit one like no other when there are all the social pressures on one, making them collapse. The social pressure can be unbearable and strike fear into almost anyone. For example, all your friends are trying marijuana. They keep repeatedly telling you to try it and it'll be cool if you do. You don't know what there smoking, but then again you don't want to lose them as friends. This can strike someone down with fear because they have no clue what to do. For another example there is always the opinion of others. Especially for a high school student. Other children can be downright ruthless, making fun of what you wear, look like, or even how you smell. These aspects can make one even scared to go to school. These kids strike you down with more and more opinions every day causing you to be more scared of school everyday. This is just like the physical fear, you have to stand up for yourself, because if they see they can do it once they're not going to just stop. You have to stand up and say i don't care what anyone thinks and be Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. 3.4 Research philosophy and approach Before the initiation of research, it is imperative to outline the research philosophy. This term, also known as research paradigm, provides the researcher with a framework to follow and a consistent approach while carrying out all the research activities. It formulates the researcher's beliefs and assumptions which help to keep a focused approach throughout. Saunders et al. (2012) provides a framework for many different possible research methods which is a very effective way of structuring the strategy of a research project. The research 'onion', as seen on the next page, provides four different philosophies that could be used. The interpretivist approach was chosen to best suit this research as the nature...show more content... Quantitative and qualitative methods must be assessed and the decision must be made on whether the research question will be answered more credibly by producing statistical evidence or by exploring real life attitudes and examples. For this study, qualitative research has been chosen as it is said to be most suitable when exploring new areas as it allows the researcher to be more involved in the process (Saunders et al., 2012). This enables a greater scope to gain a more insightful understanding into areas such as UK/Irish trade relationships and how they might change in the future. This gives the researcher a greater ability to assess the impact Brexit will have on Irish pharmaceutical Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Ethical Issues With Stem Cell Research Essay The ethical issues of stem cell research are closely tied to their social issues. Embryonic stem cell research causes many social dilemmas and raises the long–debated question of when life conception starts. To many, life conception starts immediately after fertilization, supporting the idea that the embryo is the equivalent of a human life. As a result, pro–life supporters and religious groups view ESC research as the equivalent of murder. On the contrary, some do not believe that embryos possess the same moral status as a living person. Supporters also argue that the blastula, where ESCs are derived from, are already commonly created and destroyed by fertility clinics. Therefore, instead of destroying surplus blastula, they could be put into better use in ESC labs, which could lead to more treatments. While ESCs hold a tremendous potential for advancements in human health, people still wonder if the benefits outweigh the costs. People have the duty of respecting human life, however to many, ESC research violates this principle, since it results in the destruction of a human embryo. Meanwhile, people also feel the moral responsibility of helping...show more content... It results in a one–celled embryo that is genetically identical to the donated somatic cell. Cloning embryos is a technique aimed at providing a source of stem cells that can be used for research and therapies. The social and ethical issues of stem cells are closely linked, and similarly, SCNT also raises the question: What is the moral status of an embryo? The answer is subjective, and SCNT faces many opponents from religious and pro–life organizations, since it involves the creation of an embryo with the purpose of destroying it. On the other hand, supporters believe that the treatments that could potentially be developed outweigh its Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Research Methods Essay Quantitative and Qualitative are said to be systematic in different design. Both design have to follow a process system that involved defining a principle of research. General speaking, quantitative research is thought to be objective, however qualitative research often involves a subjective element. There are differences designs in qualitative research in comparison to quantitative research. Qualitative research involves words, pictures, or objects; Quantitative involves data in the form of numbers and statistics. However, the researcher uses in–depth interviews in qualitative research to find out how the subjects view their world. In quantitative research the researcher uses precise measurement to predict hypotheses. Whereas,...show more content... Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables" (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research "is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting" (p. 2). Cresswell's definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010). Pg. 51 (Smith & Davis, 2010). "How do researchers evaluate trustworthiness?" Guba and Lincoln (1994) proposed that trustworthiness could be judged by the following criteria: conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability. For Example, Qualitative researchers use conformability, dependability, credibility, and transferability to evaluate the trustworthiness of a qualitative research report. In order to prevent researcher bias they can have other researchers point out Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Methodology of Research Essay examples Methodology of Research The method that I will be using to research my area of sociology will be a structured questionnaire, it will be structured so that the candidates stick to the questions that they are asked and do not write about irrelevant matters. I will first of all produce a pilot questionnaire and send it round to a test group of people, and hopefully see whether or not I am able to obtain the relevant information that I need for my research with the questions that I have asked my targeted group of people. If the questionnaire provides me with my needed information, I will the produce more and send them out to a larger sample of people and obtain my...show more content... Also using a questionnaire is a quick way to obtain information and can cover a wide area of matters with just a few questions, whereas if I had used an interview as my method it would of taken a much longer amount of time and I might of not been able to get the answers that I needed out of my candidates. Another bonus of using a questionnaire, would be that once I have received all of the information I will be able to put my findings into the relevant tables, and then I will be able to compare my findings to the secondary data that I have gathered with and will be able to do this with ease. Because I am establishing the role of women within working class households and the effect that their roles have had on their families way of life. I need to be able to define what I class as a working class household; which in my view is a family with either a mum or a dad or both that goes out to work and then comes home to look after that
  • 19. home and the family. Therefore I have asked questions to determine who in the household goes out to work and the sort of jobs that they do around the home. By asking these questions I feel that I will be able to differentiate between upper, lower and middle class households and therefore gather the information that I Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Exploratory Research Essay The purpose of this study is to determine whether socioeconomic status impedes the cognitive development of African American boys' literacy in schools. This is a quantitative research study using an exploratory research design. This design will show how socioeconomic status correlates with poverty, lack of parental involvement, and environmental factors. The researcher will use snowball sampling to gain participants from a referral from an initial participant from this survey. The survey will be given to 20 participants at the City View Apartments in the West Blvd neighborhood community; that will have closed ended questions for desired results of this research. All responses will be confidential and used solely for the purpose of this study. Study Description The effects of low Socioeconomic Status (SES) on African American children can be detrimental to their cognitive development. Some government programs such as Head Start and No Child Left Behind Act was enacted to assist with the disparities in the achievement gap that is affecting low income students. However, African American boys' that are in a low SES are at a much greater risk than their counterparts. According to The United Way...show more content... There are 13 closed ended questions that are used to collect quantitative data. Each question was used to understand how low income, literacy among parents, and environment play a role in a child's cognitive development. Data was collected using the snow ball sampling method. The first 10 participants were located by word of mouth in the community. The next 10 participants were referrals given to me by the previous participants who are a part of the same target population. The snowball sampling method is a non–probability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future Get more content on HelpWriting.net