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MONITORIZAREA HEMODINAMICA 
SUUB 
2013 
Cosmin Balan
Lost in translation…
Unii sunt inca pierduti
Lost in translation 
A cloud is made of billows upon billows 
upon billows that look like clouds.As you 
come closer to a cloud you don’t get something 
smooth,but irregularities at a smaller scale. 
Benoit Mandelbrot
Fractali si power-law 
1 
2 
3 
4 
6 
5
Fractali si power-law
Fractali si power-law 
•Pattern self-similar 
•Iteratie la infinit 
•Marime nontopologica-euclidiana ci fractala 
•Forma complexa,neregulata 
•Matematic functii nederivabile 
•Sunt descriptibili matematic prin ecuatii de tip power-law
Fractali si power-law 
11.5•200=2300 
28•100=2800 
70•50=3500 
Cat de lunga este coasta Marii Britanii?
Fractalii sunt viata
Dimensiunea fractala
Box counting 
Studiu in cancerul oral-melanom 
Patrate mai mari patrate mai 
putine 
Relatie de tip power law intre 
numarul de patrate si marimea 
patratului 
Power law e afisata de fractalitate 
tgα=dlogN/dlog1/S tgα=1.4181 N=S-1.4181 D=-1.4181
Viata inseamna SOC 
Avalansele pot fi intelese doar intelegand intregul 
Avalansele pot fi descrise din punct de vedere al relatiei marime- numar prin power law 
Gramajoara de nisip e un exemplu de complexitate 
Ea sta intr-o stare de criticalitate auto-organizata 
Coeficientul power-law este -1 
Evolutia in timp a avalanselor are un profil descris matematic de tip power-law(marime vs intervale de timp)
SOC peste tot
Extinctions of all sizes,including mass extinctions,may be a simple consequence of ecosystem dynamics.
Fuga dupa asteroid
MODS si “GOOD HEALTH”- ordine de stabilitate
Fractali in fiziologie
Fractalitate temporala
Fractali in fiziologie 
Bela Suki 
‘Fluctuations and power 
laws in pulmonary 
physiology’
Monitorizam propriul model! 
Pompa 
Tesut 
Abdomen-Lung 
interaction 
Heart-Lung 
interaction 
Volemie 
Circuit venos 
Circuit arterial 
Model
Guytonian view 
U=I•R 
ΔP=R•D 
MAP-PVC=SVR•CO 
CO= f(LVEDV) 
Pes=f(HR,SV,SVR)
MSFP
MSFP
Modularea MSFP 
Volumul creste intoarcerea venoasa. 
Acelasi tip de curba este valabil pentru 
cresterea tonusului vasomotor(scaderea 
capacitantei). 
Scaderea SVR muta MSFP in aval si 
astfel RVR scade=>VR
Modularea MSFP
Modulare simultana cu Frank 
Starling 
Suprapunerea celor doua 
curbe nu este matematic 
corecta. 
Ramane un element didactic. 
Pe abscisa se afla o presiune 
pentru curba venoasa si 
o diferenta presionala pentru 
curba Frank Starling(presiune 
transmurala). 
Pcrit=> 
colaps
Frank Starling si RV
STRESSED volume
MSFP-fluid si venotonus dependenta
MSFP-adaptabil pe seama capacitantei venoase 
Dupa Gelman S. 
Aox=aortic cross-clamping 
Capacitanta▼ 
Capacitanta▲
Partitionarea trunchiului vascular 
Pao,Pms,Pcv,Dc=monito-rizabile 
Creste debitul cardiac prin efect inotrop direct 
Scade Pms 
Scade Rv 
RA 
RV 
Pao 
Pms 
Pcv 
U=I•R 
ΔP=R•D 
Pao-Pms=Ra•D 
Pms-Pcv=Rv•D 
Rv+Ra=Rsys 
α 
•Tgα=(Pao-Pcv)/Rsys 
•Tgα=(Pms-Pcv)/Rv
Altfel spus…
De ce ai monitoriza MSFP? 
Este un bun indicator de volemie 
Poate fi un indicator dinamic al capacitantei venoase 
Poate fi folosit pentru estimarea compliantei vasculare 
Concomitent masurat cu PVC,pot fi folosite pentru aprecierea functiei pompei si a responsivitatii la fluid
‘Masurarea’ MSFP in STI 
•MSFP-Pcv=Rv•Dc 
•MSFP-Pcv1=Rv•Dc1 
•MSFP-Pcv2=Rv•Dc2 
•2 necunoscute Rv si MSFP 
•2 ecuatii 
•Rv=(Pcv2-Pcv1)/(Dc1-Dc2) 
Maas,Pinsky 2009 
•MSFP-Pcv1=Rv•Dc1 
Dc1 
Pcv1
Masurarea Cs cu MSFP 
•C=ΔV/ ΔP 
•C= ΔV/Pmsfa 
•C= (ΔV+Vx)/Pmsfb 
Vx 
Pmsfa 
Pmsfb 
Maas,Pinsky 2009
Modelul Parkin 
“The Navigator systematizes cardiovascular management to simplify cognitive tasks, reduce side effects and to ensure better achievement of therapeutic targets.” 
Pmsa = 0.96•RAP+0.04•MAP+0.96•1/26•SVRnBW•CO 
EH=(Pmsa-RAP)/Pmsa
Frank Starling -recapitulare- 
Capacitatea inimii de a-si creste forta de contractie 
ca raspuns la cresterea presarcinii.
Responsivitatea la fluid -Frank-Starling-
Responsivitatea la fluid -Frank Starling- 
De ce parametrii statici presionali nu sunt indicatori de responsivitate la fluid. Parametrii statici volumetrici sunt mai apropiati de ceea ce inseamna Lsarcomer. 
dP=dV/C
Principiile responsivitatii la fluid 
Administrezi fluid avand drept scop cresterea debitului cardiac. 
Cresterea debitului cardiac trebuie individualizata(unde e necesar). 
Administrezi fluid atunci cand pacientul ar raspunde la acesta 
prin cresterea debitului cardiac(reiese necesitatea de a prezice). 
Ai nevoie de 2 ventriculi preload-dependenti.
Heart-lung interaction 
Respiratie spontana 
Inspir 
Creste preload RV 
Scade afterload RV 
Creste afterload LV 
Scade preload LV 
scade preload RV 
creste afterload RV 
scade afterload LV 
creste preload LV 
Expir 
Ventilatie mecanica 
Inspir 
Creste preload RV 
Scade afterload RV 
Creste afterload LV 
Scade preload LV 
Expir 
scade preload RV 
creste afterload RV 
scade afterload LV 
creste preload LV
Heart-lung interaction 
Creste RV afterload 
Scade RV preload 
Creste LV preload 
Scade LV afterload
Decalaj indus de timpul de tranzit
Cum se traduce asta la patul bolnavului? 
PPV 
SVV 
PEPV 
AoBFV 
EEP 
SVC CI 
IVC DI 
INDICI DE RESPONSIVITATE INRUDITI -DINAMICI- 
13% 
11% 
17% 
12% 
15% 
18% 
36%
Dinamic vs static in predictia responsivitatii la fluid 
Michard 2000
Sensibilitatea TA la presarcina
Sensibilitatea TA la presarcina
Sensibilitatea TA la presarcina 
Ees=tgα=Pes/(EDV-SV-Vo) 
Ea=tgβ=Pes/SV 
Pes=a•(Ved-Vo) unde a=1/(1/Ea+1/Ees)
Sensibilitatea TA la presarcina 
PPV 
SVV 
PPV/SVV= Eadyn 
0.89 
Eadyn echivaleaza cu tonus vasomotor.
Sensibilitatea la presarcina 
Pentru Eadyn>0.89 cresterile tensionale pentru acelasi SVV sunt mai pronuntate si denota un tonus vasomotor mai accentuat.
Limitele SVV/PPV in predictia responsivitatii la fluid. 
Aritmii (SV mult neregulat) 
VT mic (dPpl prea mic)-ex.ARDS 
Rata respiratorie mare 
Cord pulmonar (PVR mare) 
IAP mare (Ecw mare=>dPpl f.mare) 
Respiratie spontana 
Doze mari de vasopresoare
PLR 
Autotransfuzie de aprox.300ml sange 
Masurare continua de CO!
PLR-CO vs PP
PLR si CVP 
Necesar un minim de 2mmHg in ΔPVC
EEP-pauza end expiratorie
MAP-IAP>60mmHg 
MAP-2IAP ? 
PICCO 
SVV/PPV- cut off? 
ECW mult crescuta 
EDPVR mult “saltata” 
Sdr. de compartiment abdominal 
PLR nu merge
“Masurarea” debitului cardiac 
Dilution 
technique 
Echo 
transeso 
Pulse Contour 
analysis 
Debit Cardiac
PICCO 
2 catetere-unul venos central si altul arterial 
2 metode complementare-dilutie si PCA 
Pe cateterul venos se injecteaza un indicator 
Pe cateterul arterial se citeste conc. indicatorului 
si se analizeaza unda arteriala
PICCO 
O galeata cu apa Vx pura 
4 mg indicator 
Concentratia indicatorului devine 2 
Care este volumul de apa? 
Vx= cantitate indicator/Δconcentratie 
Flux=Vx/timp
PICCO 
AUC 
AUC=Δconc. medie•timp 
Volum=cantitate indicator/ Δconcentratie medie 
CO=Volum/timp 
CO=cantitate indicator/AUC
PICCO 
AUC 
Cantitate 
AUC
PICCO
PICCO -distributia fluidului indicator-
PICCO -compartimente- 
ITTV=CO•MTT 
PTV=CO•Dst 
GEDV=ITTV-PTV 
ITBV=1.25•GEDV 
EVLW=ITTV-ITBV 
PVPI=EVLW/PBV 
CFI=CI/GEDVI 
GEF=4•SV/GEDV
PICCO -analiza undei arteriale-
PICCO
PICCO
PICCO -plan terapeutic-
Hemosonic 100 
Debit Aod/Debit total=70%
Socul hipovolemic
Socul cardiogen
Socul septic
Socul obstructiv -pneumotorax in tensiune-
Socul obstructiv -compresie de VCI-
Socul spinal
Monitoring hemodynamics-lost in translation

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Monitoring hemodynamics-lost in translation