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.quy tắc cấu tạo danh từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] BB%AB+v
%C3%A0+ph%C3%A2n+lo%E1%BA%A1i+danh+t%E1%BB% AB)
1. Danh từ đếm được
• Verb + er:
teach + er → teacher
• Verb + or:
translate + or → translator
direct + or → director
• Verb + ing:
build + ing → building
writing + ing → writing
2. Danh từ trừu tượng
• Adjective + ness:
kind + ness → kindness
happy + ness → happyness
• Noun + ship:
friend + ship → friendship
workman + ship → workmanship
• Noun/adjective + dom:
king + dom → kingdom
wise + dom → wisedom
free + dom → freedom
• Adjective + th:
true + th → truth
wide + th → width
(chú ý khi thêm “th” phải bỏ “ e” ở cuối từ)
3. Danh từ ghép
• Adjective + noun:
black + board → blackboard
grand + parents → grandparents
• Noun + noun:
bed + room → bedroom
shop + keeper → shopkeeper
winter + clothes → winter clothes
summer + holiday → summer holiday
• V-ing + noun:
looking + glass → looking - glass
writing + paper → writing – paper
driving + licence → driving licence
swimming + pool → swimming pool
• Noun + V-ing
fruit + picking → fruit picking
weight + lifting → weight- lifting
coal + mining → coal mining
Chú ý: các dạng khác như mother–in–law, commander-in-chief,
passer-by…
II.quy tắc cấu tạo tính từ
1. Tính từ đơn
• Noun + y
Ví dụ: rain + y –> rainy
wind + y –> windy
sun + y –> sunny
• Noun + ly
Ví dụ: day + ly –> daily
man + ly –> manly
• Noun + ful
Ví dụ: care + ful –> careful
beauty + ful –> beautiful
• Noun + less
Ví dụ: care + less –> careless
home + less –> homeless
• Noun + en
Ví dụ: gold + en –> golden
wool + en –> woolen
• Noun + some
Ví dụ: trouble + some –> troublesome
quarrel + some –> quarrelsome
• Noun/adjective + ish
Ví dụ: book + ish –> bookish
white + ish –> whitish
girl + ish –> girlish
• Noun + ous
Ví dụ: humour –> humourous
danger –> dangerous
2. Tính từ ghép
• Adjective + adjective
Ví dụ: a dark-blue coat, a red-hot iron bar
• Noun + adjective
Ví dụ: snow-white cotton, the oil-rich Middle East
• Noun + participle
Ví dụ: a horse-drawn cart, a heart-breaking story
• Adjective + participle
Ví dụ: ready-made clothes, a good-looking boy
• Adverb + participle
Ví dụ: a newly-built house, an ill-smelling odour
• Noun + noun-ed
Ví dụ: a tile-roofed house
• Adjective + noun-ed
Ví dụ: a dark-haired girl
• A group of words
Ví dụ: a twenty- year- old girl, an eight-day trip, an air-to-air missile
III,Quy tắc cấu tạo phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n
%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB)
• Nhiều phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB
%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) cách thức và một vài phó từ ([Only registered and activated
users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) chỉ mức
độ được tạo thành bằng cách thêm –ly:
Ví dụ: final –> finally
immediate –> immediately
slow –> slowly
Chú ý:
– “y” ở cuối phải chuyển thành “i”
happy –> happily
– “e” ở cuối từ vẫn được giữ lại khi thêm “ly”
extreme –> extremely
sincere –> sincerely
Ngoại lệ: true –> truly
due –> duly
whole –> wholly
– Tính từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] n+lo%E1%BA%A1i+t%C3%ADnh+t
%E1%BB%AB) kết thúc bằng một phụ âm + “le” thì bỏ “e” và thêm “y”
gentle –> gently
simple –> simply
– Tính từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] n+lo%E1%BA%A1i+t%C3%ADnh+t
%E1%BB%AB) kết thúc bằng “able/ible” thì bỏ “e” và thêm ly
sensible –> sensibly
capable –> capably
• Các phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB
%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) có đuôi “ly” như “daily, weekly, monthly, kindly” và trong một
vài trường hợp là leisurely có thể là phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links]
%A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) hoặc tính từ ([Only registered
and activated users can see links] n+lo%E1%BA%A1i+t%C3%ADnh+t%E1%BB%AB). Nhưng hấu
hết các tính từ khác kết thúc bằng “ly” ví dụ: friendly, likely, lonely…không thể được sử dụng như
phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB
%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) và không có hình thức phó từ ([Only registered and activated
users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB). Thông
thường, chúng ta sử dụng một phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n
%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) tương tự để thay thế hoặc ngữ trạng
từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links]).
Ví dụ: likely (adjective) = probably (adverb)
friendly (adjective) –> in a friendly way (adverb phrase)

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Quy tắc cấu tạo danh từ

  • 1. .quy tắc cấu tạo danh từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] BB%AB+v %C3%A0+ph%C3%A2n+lo%E1%BA%A1i+danh+t%E1%BB% AB) 1. Danh từ đếm được • Verb + er: teach + er → teacher • Verb + or: translate + or → translator direct + or → director • Verb + ing: build + ing → building writing + ing → writing 2. Danh từ trừu tượng • Adjective + ness: kind + ness → kindness happy + ness → happyness • Noun + ship: friend + ship → friendship workman + ship → workmanship • Noun/adjective + dom: king + dom → kingdom wise + dom → wisedom free + dom → freedom • Adjective + th: true + th → truth wide + th → width (chú ý khi thêm “th” phải bỏ “ e” ở cuối từ) 3. Danh từ ghép • Adjective + noun: black + board → blackboard grand + parents → grandparents • Noun + noun: bed + room → bedroom shop + keeper → shopkeeper winter + clothes → winter clothes summer + holiday → summer holiday • V-ing + noun: looking + glass → looking - glass writing + paper → writing – paper driving + licence → driving licence swimming + pool → swimming pool • Noun + V-ing fruit + picking → fruit picking weight + lifting → weight- lifting coal + mining → coal mining Chú ý: các dạng khác như mother–in–law, commander-in-chief, passer-by… II.quy tắc cấu tạo tính từ 1. Tính từ đơn
  • 2. • Noun + y Ví dụ: rain + y –> rainy wind + y –> windy sun + y –> sunny • Noun + ly Ví dụ: day + ly –> daily man + ly –> manly • Noun + ful Ví dụ: care + ful –> careful beauty + ful –> beautiful • Noun + less Ví dụ: care + less –> careless home + less –> homeless • Noun + en Ví dụ: gold + en –> golden wool + en –> woolen • Noun + some Ví dụ: trouble + some –> troublesome quarrel + some –> quarrelsome • Noun/adjective + ish Ví dụ: book + ish –> bookish white + ish –> whitish girl + ish –> girlish • Noun + ous Ví dụ: humour –> humourous danger –> dangerous 2. Tính từ ghép • Adjective + adjective Ví dụ: a dark-blue coat, a red-hot iron bar • Noun + adjective Ví dụ: snow-white cotton, the oil-rich Middle East • Noun + participle Ví dụ: a horse-drawn cart, a heart-breaking story • Adjective + participle Ví dụ: ready-made clothes, a good-looking boy • Adverb + participle Ví dụ: a newly-built house, an ill-smelling odour • Noun + noun-ed
  • 3. Ví dụ: a tile-roofed house • Adjective + noun-ed Ví dụ: a dark-haired girl • A group of words Ví dụ: a twenty- year- old girl, an eight-day trip, an air-to-air missile III,Quy tắc cấu tạo phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n %C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) • Nhiều phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB %A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) cách thức và một vài phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) chỉ mức độ được tạo thành bằng cách thêm –ly: Ví dụ: final –> finally immediate –> immediately slow –> slowly Chú ý: – “y” ở cuối phải chuyển thành “i” happy –> happily – “e” ở cuối từ vẫn được giữ lại khi thêm “ly” extreme –> extremely sincere –> sincerely Ngoại lệ: true –> truly due –> duly whole –> wholly – Tính từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] n+lo%E1%BA%A1i+t%C3%ADnh+t %E1%BB%AB) kết thúc bằng một phụ âm + “le” thì bỏ “e” và thêm “y” gentle –> gently simple –> simply – Tính từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] n+lo%E1%BA%A1i+t%C3%ADnh+t %E1%BB%AB) kết thúc bằng “able/ible” thì bỏ “e” và thêm ly sensible –> sensibly capable –> capably • Các phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB %A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) có đuôi “ly” như “daily, weekly, monthly, kindly” và trong một vài trường hợp là leisurely có thể là phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) hoặc tính từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] n+lo%E1%BA%A1i+t%C3%ADnh+t%E1%BB%AB). Nhưng hấu hết các tính từ khác kết thúc bằng “ly” ví dụ: friendly, likely, lonely…không thể được sử dụng như phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB %A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) và không có hình thức phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n%C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB). Thông thường, chúng ta sử dụng một phó từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links] %A9c+n %C4%83ng+c%E1%BB%A7a+ph%C3%B3+t%E1%BB%AB) tương tự để thay thế hoặc ngữ trạng từ ([Only registered and activated users can see links]). Ví dụ: likely (adjective) = probably (adverb) friendly (adjective) –> in a friendly way (adverb phrase)