drug classification lecture

1. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

2. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Cholinergic or Parasympathomimetic Drugs
 These drugs are classified as either direct or
indirect acting agents.
 Direct acting drugs act directly on the
parasympathetic receptors.
 Indirect acting drugs work by either of two
methods.
 They can cause the release of the
neurotransmitter which then goes to the receptor
site or they inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase.
5

3. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10

4. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 These drugs prevent the action of acetylcholine
at postganglionic parasympathetic endings.
 Acetylcholine is released but its receptor site is
completely blocked by anticholinergic drugs.
 These drugs only block muscarinic receptors.
11

5. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Belladonna Alkaloids:
 Atropine
 Methscopolamine
 Homatropine
 Belladonna
 Scopolamine hydrobromide
Synthetic Derivatives
Glycopyrrolate
Propantheline
Tertiary Amines
Benztropine
dicyclomine
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6. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Catecholamines
 Dobutamine
 Dopamine
 Epinephrine
 Norepinephrine
Noncatecholamines
Mephentermine and phenylephrine
Albuterol
Terbutaline
ephedrine
19

7. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Alpha-adrenergic blockers
 ergotamine
 Phentolamine
 Prazosin
 trazosin
 Beta-adrenergic blockers
Nonselective:
Carvedilol
Pindolol
Propanolol
timolol
19

8. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Selective:
Acebutolol
Atenolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol tartrate
19

9. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

10. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Types:
 Muscle Relaxants differ by the location and
mechanism that muscle contraction is
inhibited
1. Peripherally (Direct-acting)- within the
muscle
2. Centrally- within the spinal cord
Muscle Relaxants

11. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
A.PERIPHERALLY (Direct) ACTING-
 Used in MS, cerebral palsy and cord injury
 Dantrolene
 Succinylcholine
B.Centrally acting Skeletal muscle relaxants
Note:
 these drugs are used to control spastic muscle tone
as in epilesy ,multiple scelerosis ,cerebral palsy,
stroke,
 Used to treat acute spasms caused by:
 anxiety
 Inflammation
 Pain
 trauma
08/21/17 11

12. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 For intermittent or chronic spasms:
 Diazepam
 Baclofen
 Tizanidine
 For acute spasms:
 Carisoprodol
 Chlorphenesin
 Chlorzoxazone
 Cyclobenzaprine
 Metaxalone
 Methocarbamol
 Orphenadrine
 Tizanidine

13. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Any situation where impaired relaxation
interferes with function
 Before surgery
 Allows intubation
 Relax abdominal muscles
 Orthopedic procedures
 fibromyalgia

14. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Non depolarizing- competitive or stabilizing drugs
derived from curare alkaloids and synthetically
similar compounds:
 Atracurium
 Cisatracurium
 Doxacurium
 Mivacurium
 Pancuromium
 Rocuromium
 Tubocurarine
 vecuromium

15. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Depolarizing blocking drugs:
 Succinylcholine – only depolarizing blocking
drug. Although it’s similar to the
nondepolarizing blockers in its therapeutic
effect, its mechanism of action differs.
 Acts like acetycholine but it is not inactivated
by cholinesterase.

16. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder
of movement that occurs mainly in the elderly. The
chief symptoms are:
 Tremor at rest, usually starting in the hands (‘pill-
rolling’ tremor), which tend to diminish during
voluntary activity
 Muscle rigidity, detectable as an increased resistance
in passive limb movement
 --Bradykinesia
 Suppression of voluntary movements (hypokinesis),
due partly to an inherent inertia of the motor
system, which means that motor activity is difficult
to stop as well as to initiate.

17. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Sometimes called parasympatholytic drugs
 They inhibit the action of acetylcholine
 Two classes:
 1. Synthetic tertiary amines
 Benztropine
 Biperidine hydrocholoride
 Biperiden lactate
 Procyclidine
 trihexyphenidyl

18. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
2. Antihistamines ( diphenhydramine) –that have
anticholinergic properties, which is effective in
treating the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS
• Levodopa
• Carbidopa-levodopa
• amantadine

19. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Used as adjuncts to levodopa-carbidopa therapy in
manging patients with Parkinson’s disease who experience
the wearing –off effect at the end of dosing interval.
 tolcapone
 entacapone

20. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Inhibit neuromuscular transmission and are
prescribed for:
 Long-term management of chronic epilepsy
(recurrent seizures)
 Short-term management of acute isolated
seizures not caused by epilepsy, such as those
occuring after trauma or brain surgery.

21. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Major classes:
 Hydantoins- Ex. phytoin and phenytoin sodium
 Barbiturates- Ex. phenobarbital for long term
treatment of epilepsy
 Iminostilbenes- Ex. Carbamazepine for partial and
generalized tonic-clonic seizures; mixed seizure
types; complex partial seizures

22. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Benzodiazepines- Ex:
clonazepam;diazepam(parenteral
form);lorazepam;clorazepate
 Carboxylic acid derivatives- Ex. Valproic acid also
available as: valproate; divalproex
 Phenyltriazines- FDA approved as adjunctive
therapy for adults who have partial seizures and for
children older than age 2 with generalized seizures.

23. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexane-acetic acid- Ex.
Gabapentin(GABA agonist)
 Carboxamides- Ex: Oxcarbazepine
 Sulfamate-substituted monosaccharides
 Succinimides-Ex: ethosuximide and methsuximide
-used to manage absence seizures
 Sulfonamides- Ex: Zonisamide

24. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Common primary headache disorders:
 pounding, pulsating, or throbbing
 May be preceded by an aura

25. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
1) 5-HT1-receptor agonists (triptans)
Almotriptan
Eletriptan
frovatriptan
Naratriptan
Rizatriptan
Sumatriptan
Zolmitriptan
2) Ergotamine preparations
Ergotamine
dihydroergotamine

26. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

27. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Pain control and antipyretic (fever control)
and anti-inflammatory
Salicylates
Choline magnesium trisalicylate
Choline salicylate
Diflunisal
Salsalate
Sodium salicylate
Acetaminophen
 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
 Phenazopyridine hydrochloride

28. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Opioid agonists
Codeine
Fentanyl citrate
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone hydrochloride
Levorphanol tartrate
Meperidine hydrochloride
Methadone hydrochloride
Morphine sulfate

29. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Mixed opioid agonist-antagonists
Buprenorphine hydrochloride
Butorphanol tartrate
Nalbuphine hydrochloride
Pentazocine hydrochloride
Opioid antagonists
Naloxone hydrochloride
Naltrexone hydrochloride

30. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Inhalation anesthetics
 Desflurane
 Enflurane
 Halothane
 Isoflurane
 Nitrous oxide
 sevoflurane

31. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Intravenous anesthetics
Barbiturates (methohexital, thiopental)
Benzodiazepines (midazolam)
Dissociatives (ketamine)
Hypnotics(etomidate, propofol)
Opiates (fentanyl, sufentanil)
Local anesthetics
“amide” drugs (with nitrogen in the molecular chain
lidocaine, prilocaine,bupivacaine)
“ester” drugs (with oxygen in the molecular chain
chloroprocaine, cocaine,procaine and tetracaine.)

32. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Topical anesthetics
Lidocaine
tetracaine

33. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

34. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Cardiac glycosides
 Digoxin
 PDE Inhibitors (phosphodiesterase)
Inamrinone
Milrinone

35. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Class IA
 Disopyramide phosphate
 Procainamide hydrochloride
 Quinidine (sulfate and gluconate)
 Class IB
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Mexiletine hydrochloride
Tocainidine hydrochloride

36. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Class IC
 Flecainidine acetate
 Moricizine
 Propafenone hydrochloride
 Classs II
Composed of beta-adrenergic antagonists, or beta-adrenergic
blockers
Acebutolol
Esmolol
Propranolol

37. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Class III
 Amiodarone hydrochloride
 Dofetilide
 Ibutilide
 Sotalol
 Class IV-composed of calcium channel blockers
 Verapamil
 Diltiazem
 Adenosine

38. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Nitrates
 Amyl nitrite
 Isosorbide dinitrate
 Isosorbide mononitrate
 Nitroglycerin
 Beta-adrenergic antagonists- beta blockers
Atenolol
Carvedilol
Metroprolol tartrate
Nadolol
Propanolol hydrochloride

39. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Calcium channel blockers
 Amlodipine besylate
 Diltiazem hydrochloride
 Nicardipine hydrochloride
 Nifedipine
 Verapamil hydrochloride

40. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 SYMPATHOLYTIC DRUGS
 -inhibits or blocks the sympathetic nervous
system
Central-acting sympathetic Nervous System
Inhibitors:
 Clonidine hydrochloride
 Methyldopa
 Alpha-adrenergic blockers
Doxazosin mesylate
Phentolamine
prazosin hydrochloride

41. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Mixed alpha-and beta-adrenergic blockers
 Carvedilol
 Labetalol
 Norepinephrine depletors
Guanadrel sulfate
Guanethidine monosulfate
VASODILATING DRUGS
Direct vasodilators:
Diazoxide
Minoxidil
Hydralazine hydrochloride

42. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 ACE INHIBITORS
 Catopril
 Enalapril
 Ramipril
 ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
 Losartan
 Olmesartan
 Valsartan
 Telmisartan

43. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
 Benzthiazide
 Hydrochlorothiazide
 Methyclothiazide
 Metolazone
Loop diurectics
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
torsemide

44. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Potassium-sparing diurectics
 Amiloride
 Spironolactone
 Triamterene

45. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Bile-sequestering drugs
 Cholestyramine
 Colestipol hydrochloride
 Colesevelam
Fibric acid derivatives
Fenofibrate
Gemfibrozil
HMG –CoA reductase Inhibitors (statins)
Atorvastatin calcium
Fluvastatin sodium
simvastatin

46. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Nicotinic Acid (niacin)
 Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
 Ezetimibe

47. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

48. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Iron
 Ferrous sulfate
 Vitamin B12
 Cyanocobalamin
 hydroxocobalamin
 Folic acid
 Erythropoietin agents
 Epoetin alfa
 darbepoetin

49. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Heparin
 Oral Anticoagulants
 Warfarin sodium
 Antiplatelet
 Aspirin
 Clopidogrel
 Dipyridamole
 Direct thrombin inhibitors
 Argatroban
 Lepirudin
 Bivalirudin

50. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Alteplase
 Reteplase
 Streptokinase
 urokinase

51. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

52. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Short-acting
 Albuterol (systemic,inhalation)
 Terbutaline (systemic)
 Long-acting
 Formoterol(inhalation)
 Salmeterol(inhalation)

53. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Ipratroprium bromide

54. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Inhalation:
 Budesonide
 Fluticasone propionate
 Oral:
 Prednisolone
 Prednisone
 I.V:
 Hydrocortisone sodium succinate
 Methylprednisolone sodium succinate

55. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 montelukast

56. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 nedocromil  Cromolyn sodium

57. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Theophylline Aminophylline

58. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 guaifenesin

59. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Benzonatate
 Codeine
 Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
 Hydrocodone bitartrate

60. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

61. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Ephedrine
 Phenylephrine
 Pseudoephedrine

62. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

63. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Systemic antibiotics
 Amoxicillin
 Clarithromycin
 Metronidazole
 Tetracycline
 Antacids
 Aluminun carbonate gel
 Calcium carbonate
 Magnesium hydroxide

64. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 H2-receptor antagonists
 Cimetidine
 Famotidine
 Nizatidine
 Ranitidine
 Proton pump inhibitors
 Esomeprazole
 Omeprazole
 pantoprazole

65. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Adsorbent
 Activated charcoal
 Antiflatulent
 Simethicone
 Digestive
 Dehydrocholic acid
 Apncreatin
 Pancrelipase
 Amylase
 protease

66. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Opioid-related
 Loperamide
 Kaolin and pectin
 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
 Hyperosmolar laxatives
 Glycerin
 Lactulose
 Saline compounds (magnesium salts,sodium
phosphate)

67. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Dietary fiber and related bulk-forming
laxatives
 Methylcellulose
 Polycarbophil
 Emollient laxatives
 Calcium, potassium,and Sodium salts of docusate
 Stimulant laxatives
 Bisacodyl
 Castor oil

68. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Lubricant laxatives
 Mineral oil
 5-HT4 receptor partial agonists
 tegaserol

69. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Antiemetics
 Antihistamines
 Buclizine hydrochloride, diphenhydramine
hydrochloride
 Phenothiazines
 Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
 Promethazine hydrochloride
 Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
 Dolasetron
 granisetron

70. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Emetics
 Ipecac syrup

71. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

72. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Aminoglycosides
 Amikacin sulfate
 Gentamicin sulfate
 Streptomycin sulfate
 Neomycin sulfate
 Penicillins
 Amoxicillin
 Ampicillin
 Carbenicillin

73. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Cephalosporins
 Cefazoline
 Cefaclor
 Ceftazidime
 Tetracyclines
 Demeclocycline hydrochloride
 Doxycycline hyclate
 Macrolides
 Erythromycin estolate
 Azithromycin
 Vancomycin

74. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Carbapenems
 Meropenem
 Monobactams
 Aztreonam
 Fluoroquinolones
 Ciprofloxacin
 Levofloxacin

75. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Synthetic nucleosides
 Acyclovir
 Pyrophosphate analogs
 Foscarnet
 Influenza A and syncytial virus drugs
 Amantadine
 Ribavirin
 Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase
inhibitors
 zidovudine

76. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors
 Delavirdine
 Efavirenz
 Nucleotide analog reverse transcritase
inhibitors
 Tenofovir
 Protease Inhibitors
 Amprenavir
 ritonavir

77. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Drug regimens for treating TB
 Isoniazid
 Rifampin
 Pyrazinamide
 Streptomycin or ethambutol

78. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Polyenes
 Amphotericin B
 Nystatin
 Flucytosine
 Imidazole
 Ketoconazole
 Synthetic triazoles
 Fluconazole

79. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Glucan synthesis inhibitors
 Caspofungin
 Synthetic allylamine derivatives
 terbinafine

80. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

81. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Histamine -1 receptor antagonists
 Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
 Loratidine
 Meclizine hydrochloride

82. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Glucocorticoids
 Beclomethasone
 Cortisone
 Prednisone
 Prednisolone
 Mineralocoticoids
 Aldosterone
 Fludrocortisone acetate
 Other immunosuppressants
 Azathioprine
 cyclosporine

83. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Probenecid
 Sulfinpyrazone
Other antigout drugs:
allopurinol
 colchicine

84. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

85. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Benzodiazepines
 Lorazepam
 Diazepam
 Alprazolam
 Barbiturates
 Amobarbital
 Phenobarbital
 Pentobarbital sodium
 Nonbenzodiazepines-nonbarbiturates
 Zolpidem
 zaleplon

86. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Buspirone

87. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
 Citalopram hydrobromide
 Escitalopram oxalate
 Sertraline hydrochloride
 Tricyclic antidepressants
 Amoxapine
 Doxepin hydrochloride
 Doxepin hydrochloride
 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
 Hydrazines
 Lithium

88. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Atypical antipsychotics
 Aripiprazole
 Clozapine
 Olanzapine
 Typical antipsychotics
 Butyrophenones:
 Haloperidol
 Dibenzoxazepines
 Loxapine succinate
 Dihydroindolones
 Molindone hydrochloride
 Thioxanthenes

89. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Dextroamphetamine
 Pemoline
 Methylphenidate hydrochloride

90. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

91. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Insulin
 Oral antidiabetic drugs
 Chlorpropamide
 Tolazamide
 Tolbutamide
 metformin
 Glucagon
 Estrogens

92. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Anterior Pituitary drugs
 Adrenocorticotorpics
 thyrotropics
 Posterior pituitary drugs
 Vasopressin
 Oxytocin

93. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Thyroid drugs
 Thyroid USP
 thyroglobulin
 thyrotropics
 Antithyroid drugs
 Thioamides: propylthiouracil and methimazole
 Iodides: iodine and radioactive iodine

94. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

95. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Potassium
 Potassium acetate
 Potassium bicarbonate
 Potassium chloride
 Potassium gluconate
 Potassium phosphate
 Calcium
 Calcium carbonate
 Calcium chloride
 Calcium citrate

96. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Alkalinizing
 Sodium bicarbonate
 Sodium citrate
 Sodium lactate
 Acidifying drugs
 Acetazolamide
 Ammonium chloride
 Ascorbic acid

97. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

98. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Nitrogen mustards
 melphalan
 chlorambusil
 estramustine
 Alkyl sulfonates
 Busulfan
 Alkyl sulfonate

99. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Nitrosoureas
 carmustine
 lomustine
 streptozocin
 Triazenes
 Dacarbazine
 Ethylenimines
 Thiotepa
 Alkylating–like drugs
 Carboplatin
 Cisplatin
 oxaliplatin

100. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Folic acid analogues
 Pyrimidine analogues
 Capecitabine
 Cytarabine
 Fluorouracil
 Purine analogues
 Cladribine
 Thioguanine
 pentostatin

101. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Anthracyclines
 Daunorubicin
 Doxorubicin
 Bleomycin sulfate
 mitomycin

102. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Aromatase Inhibitors
 Type 1 or steroidal
 Type 2 or nonsteroidal
 Anastrozole and letrozole
 Antiestrogens
 Tamoxifen citrate
 Fulvestrant
 Androgens
 Testolactone
 Testosterone propionate

103. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Antiandrogens
 Flutamide
 Nilutamide
 Bicalutamide
 Progestins
 Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
 Megestrol acetate
 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues
 Goserelin acetate
 Leuprolide acetate
 Triptorelin pamoate

104. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Vinca alkaloids
 vinblastine
 vincristine
 Podophyllotoxins
 etoposide
 teniposide

105. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 Alemtuzumab
 Rituximab

106. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 irinotecan
 topotecan

107. Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
 irinotecan
 topotecan