Client: The client is the Illinois Health and Hospital Association (IHA).  They seek to “To advocate for and support hospitals and health systems as they serve their patients and communities” (Illinois Health and Hospital Association, 2016). The IHA has a strong interest in malpractice reform. They maintain a page on their website for medical liability (Illinois Health and Hospital Association, 2016). Problem Statement: What can be done to reduce malpractice premium costs in the State of Illinois? Kingdon Analysis: Problem stream: The problem is real - Malpractice issues in Illinois are particularly problematic. Illinois is ranked as having the fourth highest tort costs in the country and the fifth most draconian tort laws according to The Pacific Research Institute (Luke, Illinois, NY Among Usual Tort Suspects in PRI Study, 2008). Illinois is also in the top five states in terms of malpractice insurance costs (Kiernan, 2016’s Best & Worst States for Doctors, 2016). Politics Stream Stakeholders: 1) Patients - the consumers of health care - Individuals who are scheduled for or are receiving healthcare services. There are a variety of associations and organizations that advocate for patients. For example, Propublica is committed to “expose abuses of power and betrayals of the public trust by government, business, and other institutions, using the moral force of investigative journalism to spur reform through the sustained spotlighting of wrongdoing” (Propublica, 2016). Their journalistic interest extends to healthcare including medical malpractice. They are particularly interested in changes in the malpractice environment that will decrease medical errors (Pierce & Allen, 2015) 2) Providers - physicians, nurses, allied health professionals and other personnel who deliver health care services to patients. The United States’ largest advocacy group for physicians is the American Medical Association. They advocate for noneconomic damages limitations, reduction of premiums, health courts and safe harbors (American Medical Association, 2016). The AMA is also dedicated to reducing medical errors (American Medical Association, 2003). 3) Legislators - individuals who make laws. In Illinois, the Committee of the Whole in the House considered tort reform last year (Levin &Perconti, 2015). 4) Government executives - individuals who work in the executive branch of government at various jurisdictional levels who enforce and execute laws. An example of an association that represents government executives is the National Governors Association (NGA). The NGA is the bipartisan association of U.S. state governors. They state that “through NGA, governors share best practices, speak with a collective voice on national policy and develop innovative solutions that improve state government and support the principles of federalism” (National Governors Association, 2016). The NGA is committed to containing medical malpractice costs by reforming tort law, decreasing prem ...

1. Client:
The client is the Illinois Health and Hospital Association
(IHA). They seek to “To advocate for and support hospitals and
health systems as they serve their patients and
communities” (Illinois Health and Hospital Association, 2016).
The IHA has a strong interest in malpractice reform. They
maintain a page on their website for medical liability (Illinois
Health and Hospital Association, 2016).
Problem Statement:
What can be done to reduce malpractice premium costs in the
State of Illinois?
Kingdon Analysis:
Problem stream:
The problem is real - Malpractice issues in Illinois are
particularly problematic. Illinois is ranked as having the fourth
highest tort costs in the country and the fifth most draconian
tort laws according to The Pacific Research Institute (Luke,
Illinois, NY Among Usual Tort Suspects in PRI Study, 2008).
Illinois is also in the top five states in terms of malpractice
insurance costs (Kiernan, 2016’s Best & Worst States for
Doctors, 2016).
Politics Stream
Stakeholders:
1) Patients - the consumers of health care - Individuals who are
scheduled for or are receiving healthcare services. There are a
variety of associations and organizations that advocate for
patients. For example, Propublica is committed to “expose
abuses of power and betrayals of the public trust by
government, business, and other institutions, using the moral
force of investigative journalism to spur reform through the
sustained spotlighting of wrongdoing” (Propublica, 2016). Their
journalistic interest extends to healthcare including medical
malpractice. They are particularly interested in changes in the
malpractice environment that will decrease medical

2. errors (Pierce & Allen, 2015)
2) Providers - physicians, nurses, allied health professionals and
other personnel who deliver health care services to patients. The
United States’ largest advocacy group for physicians is the
American Medical Association. They advocate for noneconomic
damages limitations, reduction of premiums, health courts and
safe harbors (American Medical Association, 2016). The AMA
is also dedicated to reducing medical errors (American Medical
Association, 2003).
3) Legislators - individuals who make laws. In Illinois, the
Committee of the Whole in the House considered tort reform
last year (Levin &Perconti, 2015).
4) Government executives - individuals who work in the
executive branch of government at various jurisdictional levels
who enforce and execute laws. An example of an association
that represents government executives is the National Governors
Association (NGA). The NGA is the bipartisan association of
U.S. state governors. They state that “through NGA, governors
share best practices, speak with a collective voice on national
policy and develop innovative solutions that improve state
government and support the principles of federalism” (National
Governors Association, 2016). The NGA is committed to
containing medical malpractice costs by reforming tort law,
decreasing premiums, ensuring physician tax credits, reducing
medical errors, and improving reporting (National Governors
Association, 2005).
5) Judges – an elected or appointed individual who considers
and renders decisions about cases in a court of law. A
representative of judges in Illinois is the Illinois Judges
Association (IJA). The IJA “supports judicial excellence and
professional development and judicial education, fosters public
confidence in an independent judiciary, works to preserve the
independence of the judiciary by educating the public and
students, and promotes a diverse judiciary that administers
justice in a fair and impartial court system” (Illinois Judges
Association, 2016).

3. 6) Trial Lawyers - a lawyer who tries cases in a court of law.
The Illinois Trial Lawyers Association (ITLA) represents
plaintiffs’ attorneys in Illinois. Their mission is “to ensure all
citizens get equal footing in the courtroom, even when taking on
the most powerful interests. We see to it that those who harm
consumers, other individuals, or even their own employees, are
held accountable” (Illinois Trial Lawyers Association, 2015).
The ITLA takes a strong position against medical malpractice
reform (Illinois Trial Lawyers Association, 2010).
7) Insurance Companies - companies that provide insurance to
individuals and employers to pay for medical care expenses for
those individuals and their families or employees respectively.
America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) organization is the
leading trade association representing the health insurance
community in the United States. “AHIP advocates for public
policies that expand access to affordable health care coverage to
all Americans through a competitive marketplace that fosters
choice, quality, and innovation” (America’s Health Insurance
Plans, 2016).
8) Government Payers - the Center for Medicare and Medicaid
services and state-run Medicaid programs that pay for medical
expenses for their constituents.
9) Hospitals -facilities that provide surgical and medical
therapies to patients. As noted above the Illinois Health and
Hospital Association (IHA) is an example of an association that
represents the interests of hospitals. The IHA seeks to “To
advocate for and support hospitals and health systems as they
serve their patients and communities” (Illinois Health and
Hospital Association, 2016). The IHA has a keen interest in
malpractice reform. They maintain a page on their website for
medical liability (Illinois Health and Hospital Association,
2016).
10) Associations and organizations - various groups that
advocate for their constituents points of view in
the healthcare space.
The Illinois legislature has tried to address the problem but has

4. been blocked by the courts. The IHA filed an amicus brief
regarding the courts consideration of the 2005
cap (Nodzenski, Galland, Hatton, & Mudron, 2005). Despite
this, the court overturned the cap on constitutional grounds. In
fact, the Illinois Supreme Court has struck down $500,000
noneconomic malpractice case award limitations passed by the
Legislature on three different occasions. The Court has done
this even after recognizing that eight states have sustained caps
in the face of legal challenges, and 19 states have a successfully
adopted damage caps. The courts principal argument is that caps
are unconstitutional based on separation of power
arguments (Clayton, Hansen, & Placher, 2010).
Policy Stream – Reaction to a crisis
1) Tort reform - mitigate awards with other fund sources such as
health insurance, assign financial liability in proportion to fault
rather than in proportion to capacity, eliminate or restrict
punitive damages, end lump-sum payments, and cap
noneconomic damages at $250,000. The impact of tort reform is
controversial. Some authors maintain that, at least in some
states, it has been highly successful. In other cases, it appears
that tort reform initiatives like noneconomic damages caps have
not worked in isolation. Amongst the stakeholder groups, trial
attorneys and possibly injured patients would be financially
disadvantaged. The predicted effect of tort reform, in particular,
damage limitations, without provisions for premium limitation
on the other stakeholders is variable. From a political feasibility
point of view tort reform in Illinois seems to face a very steep
hill to climb – i.e. a consistent and firm resistance of the
Supreme Court to allow the legislature to pass noneconomic
damage limitations.
2) Medical error reduction - incentivize quality improvement
and quality assurance programs, facilitate device and
medication error reduction strategies (for example,
with barcoding), require algorithms of care utilization and
evidence-based standards of practice, reward the penalty free
reporting of medical errors, address provider impairment

5. (substance abuse and sleep deprivation), and promote
information transparency, accessibility, communication, and
accuracy with information technology. Medical error reduction
benefits all stakeholders except for trial attorneys. The only
caveats have to do with concerns over “big brother” oversight
and the sweat equity and financial costs of increased
documentation
3) Develop expert medical panels and/or health courts. Instead
of lay persons struggling with difficult to understand medical
complexities malpractice cases would be adjudicated by expert
panels or judges. Panels and health courts are considered
alternative mechanisms for dispute resolution. Trial lawyers and
some injured patients could expect less remuneration. The other
stakeholders would benefit but only if such a system worked
and if it was politically feasible. Both of these caveats are
raised as substantial concerns by multiple authors.
4) Do not address the medical malpractice environment in
Illinois – the medical malpractice situation in Illinois is very
unfavorable. The current emphasis on quality and on saving
money in the US healthcare environment, and the current
Illinois Governor’s desire to overhaul the malpractice system
make doing nothing politically inexpedient.
Window of opportunity:
A window of opportunity may now exist in Illinois for
malpractice reform because of the new governor. Bruce
Vincent Rauner is the new Governor of Illinois. Mr. Rauner is a
wealthy self-made businessman who was elected governor of
Illinois on November 4, 2014 (Sanguinetti, 2015). He has a
strong pro-business platform that includes tort reform (Geiger
& Hellmann, 2015). However, it should be noted that
Mr.Rauner’s tort reform efforts, including those that have to do
with malpractice, have faced considerable resistance from the
Democrats in the Illinois House of Representatives (Hinz,
2016). Overall, the malpractice issues higher on the public
agenda than it was prior to Mr. Rauner’selection.
Bibliography

6. America’s Health Insurance Plans. (2016). About. Retrieved
June 14, 2016, from America’s Health Insurance
Plans:https://www.ahip.org/about-us/
American Medical Association. (2003, December). Opinion
8.121 - Ethical Responsibility to Study and Prevent Error and
Harm. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from American Medical
Association: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-
resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion8121.page
American Medical Association. (2016). Medical Liability
Reform. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from American Medical
Association:http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/advocacy/topics/medical-liability-reform.page
Clayton, R. R., Hansen, M. D., & Placher, J. A. (2010). What
Every Litigator Needs to Know About the Illinois Supreme
Court’s Rejection of Damage Caps. IDC Quarterly, 20(4), 46 –
49.
Geiger, K., & Hellmann, J. (2015, May
12). Madigan sends Rauner message on tort reform. Retrieved
June 14, 2016, from Chicago
Tribune:http://www.chicagotribune.com/ct-illinois-madigan-
rauner-tort-reform-met-0513-20150512-story.html
Hinz, G. (2016, January 27). State of the State - Rauner offers
softer tone, but same hard line. Retrieved June 14, 2016,
from Crain's Chicago
business: http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20160127/BL
OGS02/160129832/rauner-offers-softer-tone-but-same-hard-line
Illinois Health and Hospital Association. (2016). About IHA.
Retrieved June 10, 2016, from IHA
today: http://www.ihatoday.org/about-iha.aspx
Illinois Health and Hospital Association. (2016). Medical
liability. Retrieved June 10, 2016, from IHA
today:http://www.ihatoday.org/Health-Care-Issues/Medical-
Liability.aspx
Illinois Judges Association. (2016). About. Retrieved June 14,
2016, from Illinois Judges Association: https://ija.org/about-
ija.html

7. Illinois Trial Lawyers Association. (2010). The Whole Truth
About Medical Malpractice and Insurance. Retrieved June 14,
2016, from Illinois Trial Lawyers
Association: https://www.iltla.com/WebsiteDocs/TheWholeTrut
hAboutMedicalMalpractice_Feb2010.pdf
Illinois Trial Lawyers Association. (2015). Our Mission.
Retrieved June 14, 2016, from Illinois Trial Lawyers
Association:https://www.iltla.com/about-itla/our_mission/
Kiernan, J. S. (2016). 2016’s Best & Worst States for Doctors.
Retrieved June 14, 2016, from Wallet
Hub: https://wallethub.com/edu/best-and-worst-states-for-
doctors/11376/
Kiernan, J. S. (2016). 2016’s Best & Worst States for Doctors.
Retrieved May 28, 2016, from Wallet
Hub: https://wallethub.com/edu/best-and-worst-states-for-
doctors/11376/
Levin, & Perconti. (2015, June 23). Illinois Hearing Highlights
Problems with Tort Reform. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from
Illinois Medical
Malpractice Blog: http://medicalmalpractice.levinperconti.com/
2015/06/illinois_hearing_highlights_pr.html
Luke, R. (2008, March 11). Illinois, NY Among Usual Tort
Suspects in PRI Study. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from Pacific
Research
Institute:http://www.pacificresearch.org/article/illinois-ny-
among-usual-tort-suspects-in-pri-study/
Luke, R. (2008, March 11). ILLINOIS, NY AMONG USUAL
TORT SUSPECTS IN PRI STUDY. Retrieved May 28, 2016,
from Pacific Research
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among-usual-tort-suspects-in-pri-study/
National Governors Association. (2005, June 30). Containing
Medical Malpractice Costs: Recent State Actions. Retrieved
June 14, 2016, from National Governors
Association: http://www.nga.org/cms/home/nga-center-for-best-
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8. content/main-content-list/containing-medical-malpractice-
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Association:http://www.nga.org/cms/about
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D. (2005). Amicus Curiae Brief of the Illinois Hospital
Association, American Hospital Association, Illinois Catholic
Health Association and Illinois Rural Health Association in
Support of Defendent – Appellant GottliebMemorial Hospital.
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Today: http://www.ihatoday.org/uploadDocs/1/lebron.pdf
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Dumped Medical Malpractice and Improved Patient Safety.
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Malpractice Damages. Retrieved June 14, 2016, from Legal
Match:http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/illinoiss-
cap-for-medical-malpractice-damages.html
Mental Health
Client:
The Client is “Mental Health America of California (MHAC)”
which is also known as Mental Health Association of California.

9. The mission of MHAC is to make sure that "people of all ages,
sexual orientation, gender, ethnicity, etc. who require mental
health services and support are able to live full and productive
lives, receive the mental health services and other services that
they need, and are not denied any other benefits, services,
rights, or opportunities based on their need for mental health
services" (Mental Health Association in California, 2015). The
organization is trying to achieve its objectives through
education and advocacy. The MHAC envisions to implement the
Mental Health Service Act in full letter and spirit. The MHAC
not only provides education and advocacy to the state
institutions and people of California about Mental Illness and
its cure but also ensures that "there is adequate funding,
elimination of mental health disparities, insurance coverage and
access to needed services" (Mental Health Association in
California, 2015).
The purpose of the MHAC is to look for more than mere
medication and prescriptions for the cure of mental illness and
to ensure that necessary measures are being taken by the state
and society for the help of mentally disordered people in the
state of California.
Problem Statement:
Can mental health providers in the state of California provide
treatment other than dispensing medication?
Problem Stream:
Mental health is the matter of utmost importance for each and
every individual. Unfortunately, People can have any physical
disability and still live their lives normally but with the mental
illness and disability, it is very difficult to live and survive a
normal and healthy life. The professional and personal life is
hugely affected and depended upon the metal state and
condition. If there are any mental malfunctions and
discrepancies than a person can face an uphill task to perform
the daily life functions smoothly.

10. The mental illness has many types such as depression, stress,
anxiety, emotional and behavioral problems, disorders and
phobias etc. There are variety of mental health disorders. Some
of these disorders are short lived and mild while others are
persistent, acute and serious. The disorders varies with age as
children under the age of 17 can have the Severe Emotional
Disturbance ( SED) while adults can have the Severe Mental
Illness (SMI) and a Major Depressive Episode ( MDE) of at
least two weeks of specific depression symptoms.
The real problem is not the mental health disorder itself as
former US president Bill Clinton once said, "Mental illness is
nothing to be ashamed of, but stigma and bias shame us all" (
CalMHSA, 2016). The problem is that mental illness and
disorder is different from the physical illness and cannot be
cured by the medication only. It is not like the flu and fever that
one can take medicines with or without the prescription of a
doctor and can get recovered from illness. But mental illness
and disorder requires utter attention, care, therapy and a road
map to follow. The person cannot get out of mental health
disorder itself but requires assistance, support and guidance
depending upon the severity of cases.
The State of California is one of the most developed states of
USA. But the problem of mental health disorder is a matter of
great concern for the state as there are many issues to be
resolved regarding mental health programs despite efforts and
measures by the state.
According to the report issued by the California Healthcare
Foundation named as "Mental Health Care in California:
Painting a Picture", almost one in every six California Adults
has a mental health need while nearly 1 in 20 suffers from
severe mental illness that makes it difficult to live a normal and
healthy life. The rate is alarmingly high among children as
every 1 in 13 suffers from the mental illness (MHCF, 2013).
The report provides a perfect overview of mental health system
in the state of California as it highlights a host of issues
regarding mental health disorders in California. Some of the

11. major findings of the report are:
· The rate of SED among children varied slightly by regions
while presence of SMI among adults ranged from high of 5.3%
in San Joaquin Valley to the low of 4.3% in Bay Area.
· Rates of SED among children varied slightly among various
ethnicities as Whites were lowest at 6.9% while Latino
Americans were highest at 8%.
· The rate of SED was higher among low income level as it was
recorded at 10% while the state average was 7.6%.
· Females were more prone to mental illness than males.
· The age group of 25-44 were having the larger proportion of
mental illness.
· The rates of SMI among adults were varied significantly
among different ethnic groups as Asians were at lowest and
native among the highest sides.
· The suicide rates in California were stable and lower than
overall USA rates.
· The Suicide rates were significantly higher for the age group
above 45 as compared to young ones.
· The suicide rates are three times higher among males (15.3%)
than females (4.6).
· The whites has the highest suicide rate (16.7).
· More than 60% of adults with any mental illness and 40% of
those with a serious mental illness did not receive outpatient
care, inpatient care, or medication treatment to address their
condition.
· Prescription medication was the most common treatment
received by both groups.
· California county mental health programs are responsible for
providing mental health services for those who are uninsured.
These services are paid for by a combination of state, county,
and federal funds. The number of Californians served by this
system fell 11% between 2006 and 2010.
As one of these findings stated that prescription medicine was
the most common treatment received by the patients of mental
health disorders while most of the persons did not bother to get

12. any kind of treatment. This is a major problem which is needed
to be addressed by the state authorities and advocacies urgently
because the state of California has the infrastructure and system
to provide the extensive treatment program to the patients. The
most significance policy in this regard is the California Mental
Health Service Act.
Stakeholders:
Patients:
The patients of mental health disorders are the most important
stakeholders. The problem in this regard is that the most of the
patients ignore the disorder in the early stages or that of mild
one such as depression or anxiety which needed to be taken care
of properly instead of just taking few medicines. The education
and awareness of the disorder and its treatment towards patients
is required for the better perspectives.
Families:
The families of the patients are another group which are not
only important stakeholders in the policy making but also major
factor in the better treatment of patients. The family member
can provide much needed support, guidance and assistance to
patients for their quick recovery and rehabilitation in various
cases.
State Government:
The state government is responsible for the provision of
necessary facilities and measures for the treatment of the mental
health disorders. The government is also responsible for making
the shifts and changes in the policies to develop the mechanism
and system which is best suited towards the needs of the
treatments.
Mental Health Service Authority:
The Mental Health Service Authority is the initiative taken by
the state of California after the assembly passed the bill in 2004
for providing the extensive system and funding for the treatment
of mentally disordered patients across state. It is the
responsibility of MHSA to look for the resources and

13. implementation of its policies throughout the state.
Department of Health Care Services:
In 2012, Legislature eliminated the Department of Mental
Health and instead transferred all responsibilities of managing
the issues related to mental health care to Department of Health
Care Service. Hence it is the important stakeholders whose
actions and measures are very pertinent for the cause (MHSD,
2016).
Providers:
The providers include all the stakeholders who are responsible
for the provision of treatment and diagnosis to patients. They
include Doctors, therapists, psychologists, nurses and
pharmacists. The role of these service providers is very
imminent for the better treatment of illness.
Legislatures:
The legislative of California did a fantastic job in 2004 by
passing the Proposition 63 which paved the way for Mental
Health Service Act. The active role of legislatures is also
needed in future to overview and improvise the policies in this
regard.
Organizations:
The role of the NGOs and associations advocating and
educating mental health problems among people is highly
appreciated. It is also a matter of great concern that these
organization receives donations and funding which are needed
to be utilized properly.
Media:
The media has the great responsibility of educating the people
about the mental health care. It is the media which can better
guide the people to know about the treatment methods and
procedures other than medication especially in the state of
California.
Policy Stream:
The Mental Health Service Act:
On November 2004, voters in the U.S. state of California passed
Proposition 63, the Mental Health Services Act (MHSA), which

14. has been designed to expand and transform California’s county
mental health service systems. The MHSA is funded by
imposing an additional one percent tax on individual.Then-
Assemblyman Darrell Steinberg and Rusty Selix, executive
director of the Mental Health Association in California, led the
initiative by collecting at minimum 373,816 signatures, along
with financial ($4.3 million) and vocal support from
stakeholders (MHSA,2004).
The MHSA is very powerful act which basically empowers the
state of California to possess the extensive state of the art
system for the treatment of mental health disorders. It provides
the people of California to look for more than prescription and
medication. The act is actually a solution to the problem of
mental health disorders. As Mental Health Service Authority
has the funding of about 60,000 taxpayers of California
exclusively for the treatment of mental health disorders. The
initiative is to cover those people who are not insured and
enrolled in Medi-Cal.
The MHSA has the 6 basic components and the funds are
specifically allocated for the 6 areas which are fixed. These six
areas are:
· Community program planning and administration (10%)
· Community services and supports (45%)
· Capital (buildings) and information technology (IT) (10%)
· Education and training (human resources) (10%)
· Prevention and early intervention (20%)
· Innovation (5%)
The MHSA has the duty to make sure that funds are being
properly distributed and used across the state. The MHSA aslo
controls, eradicate the mental health disorders and formulate the
programs to expand the service towards the deserved ones in the
state.
Implementation of MHSA:
The MHSA is functioning since 2004 but the mental health care
system is still not at full potential. There is no doubt in the fact
that MHSA is very extensive program which provides proper

15. health care and cure for disorders. It provides the necessary
facilities in the public hospitals and engages the psychiatrists
and psychologists to provide proper treatment at the expense of
state and taxpayers. But it is felt that the MHSA is needed to be
fully and strictly acted upon in order to ensure the best
treatment system for the people of California.
Therapy System:
The mental health disorders are often originated form serious
personality conflicts and disturbed marriage or family life.
These cases needs much more than customary treatment
methods like therapy. The therapies include individual, martial,
family or group. These sort of therapies require a lot of time,
attention and resources which cannot be afforded by the
underprivileged ones. These therapies often does not come
under the radar of MHSA or Medi- Cal enrollees.
The therapies should be made part of the MHSA to ensure even
better treatment. It should also be made part of the advocacy
and educational campaigns of associations and organizations
such as MHAC so that patients can be made fully aware.
Similarly drug addicts often becomes patients of mental
disorders and they are also in dire need of therapies. So, they
should also be made part of that program.
Awareness:
The best policy to prevent mental disorders from reaching the
acute stages is to cure the curse at earliest possible stages. This
can only happen with awareness and knowledge of disorders,
treatments and cures. The responsibility lies on the shoulders of
state concerned departments, NGOs, media and civil society to
educate people as much as they can in order to cure the
disorders at early stages.
Policy Proposal:
The state of California has done a great job to the service of
mentally disordered underprivileged patients by implementing
the MHSA in 2004. The Authority is providing the mental
health care facilities to the patients ever since. The MHSA has
reached out the deserved patients who were either not enrolled

16. in Medi-Cal or uninsured before. The state of California
definitely provided the options to the people much more than
mere medication and prescription in the California.
However, it is also felt that there are certain loopholes and
institutional voids needed to be filled in order to better serve
the cause. For this purpose, MHSA needs certain amendments
and changes in order to improve the efficiency and quality of
the service. First of all, the legislature and the government
should appoint a board or authority to have a check and balance
on MHSA in order to implement the provisions of act fully and
in true spirits. Secondly, there is need of mass communication
and awareness campaign among people to provide knowledge
about disorders and their treatments available in the state.
Lastly, therapies and rehabilitation programs should be made
part of the MHSA facilities or should be funded by the MHSA
more comprehensively.
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