1. Childhood Obesity By David Broad, Christopher Brown, Matthew Collins, Marcella Pereira, Charles Phan, Nancy Rios, Tara Smith, Michele Sojka, and Trevor Zarnowiec This focus will allow the group to study childhood obesity to find out the psychological, sociological and health related causes, in order to understand the effects on children in Florida
2. We will use the interdisciplinary concept of Biopsychosocial Model to discover the cause and effect of childhood obesity. The BPS model posits that biological, psychological (which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social factors, all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness. Indeed, health is best understood in terms of a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors rather than purely in biological terms. The BPS model applies a new approach to the relations between biological, psychological, and social dynamics in health and illness. The model assumes that a human being acts as an shared system in which biological factors interact with psychological factors and social factors within the social context of human activity and existence. The BiopsychosocialModel (BPS)
3. The model depicts as the holistic functional approach. The term refers to the structure of the model, and describes its purpose in maintaining inner equalization of a human being and his or her effective adaptation to the demands of the external upbringing. The BPS model is a scientific model that was constructed to take into account the missing lengths of the biomedical model. The model relates to aspects of everyday practice and patient care before another time reckoned accessible to a scientific approach. Enables physicians to extend application of the scientific method A physician uses the BPS model to study components of an organized whole with the risk of neglect or injury concentrating on the patient. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) began a new initiative to speed up the process of improving public health. From the BPS model, The program “NIH Roadmap” stretches out 28 cross institutional projects especially designed to tackle the complex issues such as obesity. The BiopsychosocialModel (BPS)
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5. Also influenced by social and psychological factors from one’s self and others
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7. “Non-Hispanic white adolescents from lower income families experience a greater prevalence of overweight than those from higher income families.”
11. “Mexican American boys tend to have a higher prevalence of overweight than black or white boys.“ (www.surgeongeneral.gov)
12. “Black girls tend to have a higher prevalence of overweight than Mexican American or white girls.” (www.surgeongeneral.gov)
13. “Although certain people are predisposed to being overweight, obesity is seen in all races, gender and ages.” (L. Wimberly)
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16. Parents are not helping the situation. They are making bad choices and teaching their children habits that may not be able to be broken. Children are a product of their environment!”
19. “Being overweight effects friendships and relationship from childhood all the way to adult hood.” (L. Wimberly)
20. “People are often judged by their appearance and it is no different with children”. (L. Wimberly) Sociology Discipline - Effectsof Childhood Obesity
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22. Children are less likely to participate in certain activities to avoid being ridiculed or put down.
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24. Interview #1 Laura Wimberly: Elementary school teacher, Campus Charter School; Florida In your interaction with children, why do you think there are so many obese children? -Children are not getting enough exercise, playing too many video games and the parents are not helping them make good choices. How can a parent help aid their children in becoming healthier? -Give them less convenient foods, send them outside to play, and eat fast food in moderation. How can the schools help children in becoming healthier? -More afterschool sports and activities, healthier food choices in the schools and teaching awareness. In your opinion, do you think being overweight is becoming more acceptable and there will be a shift in bulling over to thinner children instead of overweight children? -Being overweight has become more accepted because you are seeing it much more often. The parents are overweight so the children become overweight! Super thin kids are getting bullied more, but obese children are bullied as well. What advice would you give an obese child's parent and their child? -Parent: I would encourage healthy food choices and try to motivate them to help their kids try new foods and activities. -Child: Choosing my words wisely in order to not offend them, but id try to bring awareness of their choices, get them involved in activities and help them pick healthy foods.
27. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: disorder that affects many parts of the body, mostly linked to blindness and abnormal weight gain throughout entire life span (Genetics Home Reference)
28. Prader-Willi syndrome: rare disorder dealing with the 15th chromosome, which can result with a chronic feeling of hunger and slow metabolism, along with influencing excessive eating and life-threatening obesity (GDF)
29. Even though genetics can influence childhood obesity, that doesn’t mean it is the only factor.
30. Assistance from environmental (low physical activitylife style) and behavioral (high-calorie intakes with low energy to compensate) factors are important (CDC)
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32. Calorie intake is unbalanced; taking more calories in than burning them off (CDC; ASPE)
33. Causes: Easier to buy “take out” food, eating at restaurants, “saving money,” lack of influence to eat well, etc… (ASPE)
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36. Children not motivated enough (at home and at school) to apply themselves towards physical activities
37. Many schools in Florida are removing recess from the daily schedules and reducing Physical Education.
63. Interview #2 Continued What do you think parents can do to help their kids deal with weight issues? Serve as a good role model Parents should maintain a “normal” weight, and encourage their kids to eat healthily and within normal limits Parents ought to understand that their kids will suffer in school, because other kids will be making fun of their child; and even ostracizing him/her Do you think that a child’s psychological state plays as big a role as diet and fitness? A child’s psychological state is very important, but you absolutely need to exercise For reasons I don’t understand , most schools have eliminated Physical Education And most schools that still offer it, frequently will have kids just sit and do nothing during that period Kids ought to be exercising in schools and parents, again, ought to be encouraging their children to get out and exercise Obese parents are poor role models for their children Is it possible for a child to lose weight simply by being happier or in a better state of mind; or does it just work in accordance with better fitness and nutrition? Directly: No, exercise and appropriate eating habits are key Indirectly: Being psychologically “well-adjusted” influences whether one wants to exercise and eat healthily What advice would you give an obese child, or their parent, to help them have a healthier body? That without realizing it parents are causing their kids to: - Be teased at school - Feel badly about themselves -Be passed over (ignored) for being invited to dances -Be passed over to be someone’s girlfriend or boyfriend; or even just a friend Without being a nag, parents need to: -Motivate their children to exercise -Monitor their food-intake And take pride in their appearance, *within reason*
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65. Children who lack enough exercise could become obese. They may not get enough exercise because social psychological influences, such as their peers pressuring them to play the latest video game. Other children may cause another to feel inadequate at sports, causing them to remain on the sidelines, instead of participating.
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67. Psychological effect of the parents, such as low self esteem, can be passed on to the children by example. Low self esteem, can lead to overeating, or indulging in unhealthy comfort foods. The improper diet, can cause obesity, and health related problems. The child being over weight , could cause social instability with other children, even with other family members. Interdiscipinary – Causes and Effects
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69. Accordingly, we will have the greatest chance to successfully reverse the obesity epidemic if we consider it a crisis, make it a funded government and public health priority, and join forces across disciplines to mount an effective public health campaign in the prevention and early treatment. (Deckelbaum & Williams)
70. "Childhood obesity is an epidemic. There's no single cause or single solution. We need everyone at the table to really solve this in this country." (Ginny Ehrlich, executive director of the Alliance)
71. Earlier this month, Michelle Obama launched a wide-ranging "Let's Move" campaign aimed at curbing childhood obesity Dietitian Pediatrician Psychologist Educators
76. “Biopsychosocial Model of Health.” South Wales Osteopathic Society. 2009. Retrieved 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.osteopathywales.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=15:osteopathy-articles-&id=175:biopsychosocial-model-of-health
82. Deckelbaum, Richard J., and Christine L. Williams. "Obesity - Childhood Obesity: The Health Issue." Nature Publishing Group : Science Journals, Jobs, and Information. Obesity A Research Journal, 2010: Web. 16 Nov. 2010.
93. Puhl, Rebecca, and Kelly D. Brownell. "Obesity - Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity "Nature Publishing Group : Science Journals, Jobs and Information. 4 Sept. 2001: Web 16 Nov. 2010.
97. “The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity." Office of the Surgeon General (OSG): Web 15 Nov. 2010. <http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_glance.htm>.
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99. Annotated Bibliography “Biopsychosocial Model of Health.”* South Wales Osteopathic Society.* 2009.Retrieved 22 Nov. 2010. http://www.osteopathywales.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=15:osteopathy-articles-&id=175:biopsychosocial-model-of-healthThis site presents us with an overview of what the Biopsychosocial Model of Heath is and how it is used to help in the study of various health conditions, including obesity and depression. It represents how other factors, such as psychological and sociological, are also determinants, along with biological factors, in classifying various health inflictions. The website was created at least a year ago, with a reliable source that provides information about the association from various other links. The information isn’t an extremely detailed representation of theBiopsychosocial Model of Health, but it does give a good basis of background to assist in describing the merging of biological, psychological, and social factors to give a well-rounded analysis on different health conditions andissues. “Childhood Obesity.” APSE.hhs.gov. Date Range Apr. 2004-Feb. 2005. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2010. <http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/child_obesity/>. This site provides us with a look into different factors causing Childhood Obesity. There are various charts giving detailed looks into the percentages involved in the rise of Childhood Obesity. These charts show a decrease of numbers of healthy nutritional intake, the range of overweight children ages 6-19, the increase of lack of physical activity in adolescents, and the percentages involved in participating in free time over planned physical activity. This web site gives readers a detail analysis on different factors influencing obesity, several different causes, different roots of these causes, and possible solutions to help the childhood obesity epidemic. There are even links provided to back up the research and claims stated within this site. Even though there isn’t a clear date stating when this site was created, the research from the links show that the data was obtained between the years 2004-2005 from several accredited and reliable sources. Deckelbaum, Richard J., and Christine L. Williams. "Obesity - Childhood Obesity: The Health Issue." Nature Publishing Group: Science Journals, job and Information. Obesity A Research Journal 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2010 <http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v9/n11s/full/oby2001125a.html> This online journal article examines obesity in Americans as well as other group of people internationally. It begins by stating that the number of overweight people has doubled and tripled in the last few decades. The findings relate to our project because the increase in obesity is from preschool children to adolescence. It defines different ethnic groups and genders to be predisposed to obesity more or less than others. Also, how nutrition during pregnancy can influence weight as an adult. Information in this article ranges from predictors of obesity as well as factors that contribute to being overweight. Included in this article are research findings from many countries about various effects of obesity. Although there are some differences in biological effects between ethnic groups, many of the long term effects on health are the same. The article ends with a section about different prevention methods and treatments of obesity.
100. Annotated Bibliography Gabler, Jay. Sociology for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., 2010. Print This book entails the basic principles, concepts, history, and an easy-to-understand explanation of Sociology. The book also contains the subjects: historical studies in sociology, social movements and political sociology, important contributors, methods for sociological research and as well roles in sex, race, and religion in the sociology perspective. Gerencher, Kristan., “Coverage for treating kids' obesity gets more comprehensive” MarketWatch 2010: Retrived Nov 27 2010.<http://www.marketwatch.com/story/tackling-childhood-obesity-at-the-doctors-office-2010-02-23> This article involves a multidisciplinary concept that relates to childhood obesity and the large problem it has become. Big companies are choosing health insurance that will include a dietitian for families of overweight children. Insurance companies and employers are giving this a three year trial to see how it goes. This includes several disciplines working together for a common goal. The article talks about the rise of obesity and how the health care system does little to provide help to parents of overweight children. Both president Obama and his wife, Michelle, are advocates of reducing obesity in children. The author discusses how obesity can lead to diabetes. Also, that obesity is one of the main factors of the rise in health care costs. One of the biggest challenges is educating people and getting them motivated to be healthier. Children don’t need to go to a gym and work out, they just need to get out and play. Inkeles, Alex. What Is Sociology?An Introduction to the Discipline and Profession. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1964. Print. This book reveals how sociology as both an intellectual discipline and a research enterprise cross-section posed by responsibility. Janowski, Konrad, and StainslawaSteuden, eds. Biopsychosocial Aspects of Health and Disease. Vol. 1. Lublin, Poland: CPPP Scientific, 2009. Google Books. This book, prepared in English, comprises the concentration on such issues as the mind and body relationships, psychological factors in the course of somatic diseases and mental disorders. As well, concentrate the focus on the psychological aspects of health in children and adolescents, existential and religious aspects of disease, as well as health promotion and psycho-education.
101. Annotated Bibliography Miller, Jennifer, ArlanRosenbloom, and Janet Silverstein. "Childhood Obesity -- Miller Et Al. 89 (9): 4211." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The Endocrine Society, 11 June 2004. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/short/89/9/4211>. According to this journal article, childhood obesity has become a pandemic. It affects more than 30% of children in America and the numbers are increasing world wide. Findings show that over 2/3 of children who are obese will be obese as an adult. This decreases their expected life span. This article is mainly about the differences in nature verses nurture in regards to obesity factors. A lot of our sociological effects information came from this article. It goes into detail about family influences, social norms and technology and how they affect health. Also, how the lack of physical activity at home and in the schools increases likeliness of unhealthy children. It explains how the Neuroendocrine controls different aspect of a persons physical make up and how obesity effects metabolism. At the end there are more facts and opinions about the treatment and prevention of obesity as well as the benefits of being and staying healthy. Mitchell, G. Duncan. A Hundred Years of Sociology,. Chicago: Aldine Pub., 1968. Print. This book entails the concise chronicle of major figures, philosophies, and institutions of sociological thought. The purpose for the book was to acquaint people with the intellectual history of discipline, to reveal the fundamentals problems of sociology are not new, and to nurture a critical awareness of the relationship between and resent concerns and the heritage of the past. Negy, Charles. Personal interview. 9 November 2010. In this insightful interview; Professor Charles Negy, of the UCF Psychology department, offers his opinions and advice on the psychological factors in childhood obesity. Professor Negy discusses a wide array of topics; ranging from the roles that different emotions can play in childhood obesity, to his opinions on the cause of childhood obesity, and as well as advice to children and to their parents to help them overcome obesity. With this interview, we now have a better understanding of the role psychology plays in childhood obesity. “Overweight and Obesity.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 30 Sept. 2010. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2010. <http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html>. This web site showcases a lot of information on Childhood Obesity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site has a lot of useful information, and was even cited in the ASPE source used earlier. The site starts off with a summary on obesity, than goes into childhood obesity. From there, different links are provided for different parts of the web site. Some of these links list causes for childhood obesity, goes into depth about different genomics involved in obesity, and showcase different statistics over a period of time to back up the increase of childhood obesity in the United States. There are even other links provided to help broaden the information given on the web site, or to cite where they may have received some of their information. This site was first started in the year 2001, but has been reviewed and updated as of September 30th, 2010.
102. Annotated Bibliography . “Prader-Willi syndrome.” Genetic Disease Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2010. <http://www.geneticdiseasefoundation.org/genetic-diseases/prader-willi-syndrome/?gclid=CKmH-5mgsKUCFQm87QodaT3OYg>. This web site provided information about a genetic disorder linked to obesity: the Prader-Willi syndrome. This genetic disorder is a rare case which can come from anyone, male or female, from all races. It’s a defect in the 15th chromosome that causes low muscle tone, short stature if not treated quickly enough, incomplete sexual development, and a development of life-threatening obesity. This obesity results from a chronic feeling of hunger that evolves from this genetic disorder, along with a slow metabolism. This disorder shares a lot of similarities with the Bardet-Biedl syndrome, which was cited earlier and also results in obesity. Still, the Prader-Willi syndrome doesn’t result in vision loss, but is rarer than the other genetic disorder. This link only states that it was created and updated in 2010, but it does provide various links describing what the Genetic Disease Foundation is and information relevant to the web site. “The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity." Office of the Surgeon General (OSG). Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_glance.htm>. This source is an information based website provided by the Office of the Surgeon General. The Surgeon General is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human services. The website is basically a list of facts and percentages related to obesity and being overweight. The information is provided from several data collecting surveys that were done in a study from 1988 to 1994 and also includes info from 1999. Although the collected data was from over a decade ago, most of the information is still relevant today. Included in the website are details about different ethnic groups that were sampled along with members of different economical status. Their research includes info about causes and effects of obesity. It lists how much physical activity children and adults should get verses how much they actually get and consequences of their inactivity. Also, about how watching T.V. is an increased reason why children don’t get enough exercise and how much television is too much. Wimberly, Laura. Personal Interview. 17 November 2010 Elementary school teacher, Campus Charter School; Florida An elementary school teacher with an inside opinion on activities of children and why they may be obese because of her teaching position
