This document outlines the syllabus for an accountancy course. It covers 10 topics including book keeping and accounting concepts, accounting equation, journals, ledgers, cash books, trial balances, final accounts, capital and revenue concepts, depreciation, reserves and provisions, and accounting for non-profit organizations. Each topic is allotted a certain number of marks based on its importance and coverage in the course.

6. SYLLABUS OF ACCOUNTANCY
1.1. BOOK KEEPING & ACCONNTING CONCEPT - 6 MARKSBOOK KEEPING & ACCONNTING CONCEPT - 6 MARKS
( THEORY)( THEORY)
2.2. ACCOUNTING EQUATION - - 2ACCOUNTING EQUATION - - 2
MARKSMARKS
3.3. JOURNAL, LEDGER & SUBSIDIARY BOOKS - 6 MARKSJOURNAL, LEDGER & SUBSIDIARY BOOKS - 6 MARKS
4.4. CASH BOOK & BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMENT –CASH BOOK & BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMENT –
12 MARKS12 MARKS
5.5. TRIAL BALANCE & ACCOUNTING ERRORS - 6TRIAL BALANCE & ACCOUNTING ERRORS - 6
MARKSMARKS
6.6. FINAL ACCOUNTS, JOURNAL PROPER - 17FINAL ACCOUNTS, JOURNAL PROPER - 17
MARKSMARKS
7.7. CAPITAL AND REVENUE CONCEPT - 3CAPITAL AND REVENUE CONCEPT - 3
MARKSMARKS
8.8. DEPRECIATION - 8DEPRECIATION - 8
MARKSMARKS
9.9. RESERVES & PROVISIONS - 4RESERVES & PROVISIONS - 4
MARKSMARKS
10.10. ACCOUNTING FOR NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION – 10ACCOUNTING FOR NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION – 10
MARKSMARKS

9. BASIC ACCOUNTING
TERMINOLOGIES
THE SPECIAL TERMS OR WORDS
USED IN ACCOUNTANCY WHICH
MAKE US EASY TO UNDERSTAND
SUBJECT MATTER.

10. 1. ACCOUNTANCY
• THE SUBJECT WHICH DEALS/STUDIES
ECONOMIC OR FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
IS CALLED ACCOUNTANCY. IT GUIDES TO
RECORD, ANALYSE, INTERPRET &
COMMUNICATE ECONOMIC TRANSACTION
TO ITS USERS.

11. 2. FINANCIAL/ECONOMIC
TRANSACTION
• The economic activities which can be
express in term of money or money’s worth
are called financial/economic transactions.
• Investment into business, buying and selling
of commodities or services, receipt of
income, payment of expenses are some
example of financial/economic transactions.

12. 3. ASSETS
• All type of properties belonging to the
business firm is called assets.
In other words, the total sum of properties or
resources belonging to the business firm
which helps to generate income are called
assets.•

13. 4. FIXED ASSETS
• Those assets which can be last for more than
one year is called fixed assets. These type of
assets are purchased by business for the
long term use & benefit of which is received
for more than one year.

14. 5. CURRENT ASSETS
• Those assets of the business firm
which can be converted into cash
within the same year or cash in hand/
cash at bank are current assets.

15. 6. LIQUID ASSETS
• Liquid assets are those business
assets which can be converted into
cash (including cash/bank balance)
whenever needed / immediately.

16. 7. FICTITIOUS ASSETS
• Those assets which can not be seen and can
not give benefit to the business are called
fictitious assets. Such assets neither can be
transferred to other business nor can be sold
in the market.

17. 8. TANGIBLE ASSETS
• Those assets which have their physical
form & can be seen or felt are called
tangible assets.

18. 9. Intangible assets
• Those assets which do not have their
physical form & can not be seen but
felt are called intangible assets.

19. 10. GOODWILL
• Goodwill refers to good name & reputation
among the public due to good location,
efficient management, qualitative goods or
services. It helps to generate more income in
comparison to newly established business.

21. 11. CAPITAL
• Capital is the sum of cash, goods or
any kind (things) which are invested in
the firm from the side of owner/s.

22. 12. LIABILITIES
• The sum of money or money’s worth
payable to outsiders for any reason is
called liabilities. It refers to the
economic obligations of business other
than owners equity.

23. 13. CURRENT LIABILITIES
• Current liabilities are those payable
due which are payable within current
accounting period or within one year.

24. 14. LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
• Long-term liabilities refers to those
payable amount which are not required
to be repaid within current accounting
period.

25. 15. ACCOUNTING YEAR/PERIOD
• The periodical division of the business
life is known as the accounting year.
The accounting period normally fixed
as one year or 12 months or 365 days.
• For Nepal: Shrawan 1 to Asadh 31.
• For India: April 1 to March 31.

26. 16. PURCHASE
• Purchase refers to buying of raw
materials for production purpose or
buying of finished for resale.

27. 17. SALE
• Sale refers to exchange of goods or
services with money.

28. 18. INCOME / REVENUE
• It refers to the amount received or
receivables by selling of goods or
rendering of services.

29. 19. EXPENSES
• Expenses refers to the amount which is
spent instead of buying goods or
taking services in order to earn
revenue.

30. 20. DRAWING
• Cash, goods or any other assets taken
by owner/ proprietor from the business
firm for his/her personal/domestic use
is called drawing.

31. 21. DEBTORS
• The persons to whom goods or
services are sold on credit is called
debtors.

32. 22. CREDITORS
• The persons from whom goods or
services are purchased on credit is
called creditors.

33. 33
23. BAD DEBTS
• Bad debts is the amount of receivable
which are definitely declared as
irrecoverable due to dishonesty or
insolvency.

34. 24. INSOLVENCY
• It refers to bad/weak economic
situation in which business/person are
unable to meet the liabilities.

35. 25. BANK OVERDRAFT
• It is the facility provided by the bank to
its regular customer for withdrawing
more amount than the deposited one.

36. 26. DEPRECIATION
• Reduction in the value of fixed assets
due to various reasons such as wear &
tear, regular use, passing of time and
obsolescence is called depreciation.

37. BOOK KEEPING
• Book keeping is an art of recording the day to
day economic transaction regularly with most
systematic manner so as to know the result of
business easily.
• Book + keeping = Book-keeping
• Book means collections of all economic
transactions.
• Keeping means the act of maintaining the
record in systematic manner.

43. Objectives of book-keeping
• To identify the economic transactions.
• To keep systematic, scientific and permanent
economic records.
• To classify the transactions.
• To help in preparing financial statements.

50. ACCOUNTING
• Accounting is an art and
science of identifying,
recording, classifying,
summarising, analyzing and
interpreting the economic
transactions in systematic
manner and communicating the
business result to the
concerned parties.

53. ACCOUNTING PROCESS
• Identification of economic transaction.
• Recording of economic transaction – Journal as &
subsidiary Books.
• Classification of economic transaction in Ledgers.
• Summarizing of classified transaction through Trial
Balance.
• Preparation of financial statements as Trading Account,
Profit & Loss Account, Balance Sheet.
• Analysis & interpretation of financial statements.
• Communication of financial information to various users.

54. Difference between
BOOK-KEEPING & ACCOUNTING
• BOOK-KEEPING
• It Records the economic
transactions.
• Its main purpose is to make
permanent records.
• It does not require depth
knowledge.
• It is concern with journalising &
making ledger account.
• ACCOUNTING
• It is the process of recording,
classifying, analyzing and
interpreting the economic
transactions.
• Its main purpose is to ascertain
profit or loss & financial
position.
• It requires depth knowledge &
analytical ability.
• It is concern with journalising,
making ledger account, Trial
Balance, Final Account.

55. SCOPE OF ACCOUNTING
• Trading Concern.
• Non-Trading Concern.
• Government.
• Professionals & Individuals.

56. BASIC ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS
• There are some basic
assumptions which help in
understanding the accounting
system. These assumptions must
be followed while recording the
transactions in order to get the
actual result of the business.

57. 1. BUSINESS ENTITY CONCEPT
• According to this concept, the
business is taken as separate
entity from its owner. The owner
of business is natural person and
business is artificial person.
Therefore, the accountant should
separately record the transaction
of business and its owner.

58. 2. MONEY MEASUREMENT CONCEPT
• According to this concept, those
transaction should be recorded in
books of account which can be
measured in terms of money or
money’s worth. Thus, any event
which can not be expressed in
term of monetary value should
not be recorded in books of

59. 3. GOING CONCERN CONCEPT
• According to this concept, the
business continues its activities
for a long period and indefinite
time period. The life of the
business can not be fixed. The
business has an indefinite life
unless it is likely to be sold or
dissolve in the near future.

60. 4. COST CONCEPT
• The activities, events and
transactions of the business are to be
recorded at the amounts actually
received and spent. Most of the
transactions related to assets,
liabilities and capital are recorded in
the books of account at the cost.
These assets, liabilities and capital

61. 5. ACCOUNTING PERIOD
CONCEPT
• According to this concept, the
economic life of the business is
divided into different periods for
preparing financial statements.
The periodical division of the
business life is known as the
accounting period. The
accounting period normally fixed
as one year or 12 months or 365
days. For Nepal; the period