In Elizabethan England, people believed that one's personality and health were determined by which of the four humours - black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, or blood - was dominant. The four temperaments associated with each humour were melancholic (black bile), choleric (yellow bile), phlegmatic (phlegm), and sanguine (blood). Each temperament had distinct personality traits and tendencies that were believed to impact people's behaviors and dispositions.