A slideshow I used while delivering a COMP 461 lecture. 2006-03-13

1. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Concepts for Operating a Web Site
Can Burak Çilingir
stanbul Bilgi University
Department of Computer Science
13 March 2006
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

2. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
1 TCP/IP
IP Address
Port
2 HTTP
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3 Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

3. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
IP Address
Port
Outline
1 TCP/IP
IP Address
Port
2 HTTP
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3 Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

4. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
IP Address
Port
What is an IP address, what is it used for?
10.15.2.254
Locates a node, enables communication
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

5. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
IP Address
Port
What is an IP address, what is it used for?
10.15.2.254
Locates a node, enables communication
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

6. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
IP Address
Port
What are ports?
65536 of them
Locates a service on a host
/etc/services
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

7. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
IP Address
Port
What are ports?
65536 of them
Locates a service on a host
/etc/services
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

8. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
IP Address
Port
What are ports?
65536 of them
Locates a service on a host
/etc/services
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

9. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
Outline
1 TCP/IP
IP Address
Port
2 HTTP
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3 Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

10. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HyperText Transfer Protocol
Request/response protocol between clients1 and servers2
Transfers HTML
Uniform Resource Identiers (URIs) (or, more specically,
URLs) using the http: or https: URI schemes
1
Web browsers: graphical, text mode, cellphone
2
Apache, IIS
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

11. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HyperText Transfer Protocol
Request/response protocol between clients1 and servers2
Transfers HTML
Uniform Resource Identiers (URIs) (or, more specically,
URLs) using the http: or https: URI schemes
1
Web browsers: graphical, text mode, cellphone
2
Apache, IIS
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

12. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HyperText Transfer Protocol
Request/response protocol between clients1 and servers2
Transfers HTML
Uniform Resource Identiers (URIs) (or, more specically,
URLs) using the http: or https: URI schemes
1
Web browsers: graphical, text mode, cellphone
2
Apache, IIS
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

13. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
0.9 (Deprecated)
Was never widely used
Only supports one command, GET
Does not support headers
Since this version does not support POST the client can't pass
much information to the server
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

14. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
0.9 (Deprecated)
Was never widely used
Only supports one command, GET
Does not support headers
Since this version does not support POST the client can't pass
much information to the server
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

15. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
0.9 (Deprecated)
Was never widely used
Only supports one command, GET
Does not support headers
Since this version does not support POST the client can't pass
much information to the server
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

16. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
0.9 (Deprecated)
Was never widely used
Only supports one command, GET
Does not support headers
Since this version does not support POST the client can't pass
much information to the server
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

17. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HTTP/1.0
Still in wide use, especially by proxy servers
Allows persistent connections (alias keep-alive connections,
more than one request-response per TCP/IP connection) when
explicitly negotiated; however, this only works well when not
using proxy servers
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

18. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HTTP/1.0
Still in wide use, especially by proxy servers
Allows persistent connections (alias keep-alive connections,
more than one request-response per TCP/IP connection) when
explicitly negotiated; however, this only works well when not
using proxy servers
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

19. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HTTP/1.1
Current version
persistent connections enabled by default and works well with
proxies
Also supports request pipelining, allowing multiple requests to
be sent at the same time, allowing the server to prepare for
the workload and potentially transfer the requested resources
more quickly to the client
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

20. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HTTP/1.1
Current version
persistent connections enabled by default and works well with
proxies
Also supports request pipelining, allowing multiple requests to
be sent at the same time, allowing the server to prepare for
the workload and potentially transfer the requested resources
more quickly to the client
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

21. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HTTP/1.1
Current version
persistent connections enabled by default and works well with
proxies
Also supports request pipelining, allowing multiple requests to
be sent at the same time, allowing the server to prepare for
the workload and potentially transfer the requested resources
more quickly to the client
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

22. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HTTP is stateless
Major drawback
Query string
Cookies
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

23. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HTTP is stateless
Major drawback
Query string
Cookies
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

24. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HTTP is stateless
Major drawback
Query string
Cookies
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

25. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
GET
Requests a representation of the specied resource. By far the most
common method used on the Web today
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

26. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
HEAD
Asks for the response identical to the one that would correspond to
a GET request, but without the response body. This is useful for
retrieving meta-information written in response headers, without
having to transport the entire content
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

27. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
POST
Submits user data (e.g. from a HTML form) to the identied
resource. The data is included in the body of the request
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

28. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
PUT
Uploads a representation of the specied resource
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

29. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
DELETE
Deletes the specied resource (rarely implemented)
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

30. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
TRACE
Echoes back the received request, so that a client can see what
intermediate servers are adding or changing in the request
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

31. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
OPTIONS
Returns the HTTP methods that the server supports. This can be
used to check the functionality of a web server
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

32. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
CONNECT
For use with a proxy that can change to being an SSL tunnel
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

33. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
Warnings
Methods GET and HEAD are dened as safe, i.e. intended
only for information retrieval
Methods GET, HEAD, PUT and DELETE are dened to be
idempotent, meaning that multiple identical requests should
have the same eect as a single request
Also, the methods OPTIONS and TRACE should not have
side eects, and so are inherently idempotent
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

34. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
Warnings
Methods GET and HEAD are dened as safe, i.e. intended
only for information retrieval
Methods GET, HEAD, PUT and DELETE are dened to be
idempotent, meaning that multiple identical requests should
have the same eect as a single request
Also, the methods OPTIONS and TRACE should not have
side eects, and so are inherently idempotent
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

35. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
Warnings
Methods GET and HEAD are dened as safe, i.e. intended
only for information retrieval
Methods GET, HEAD, PUT and DELETE are dened to be
idempotent, meaning that multiple identical requests should
have the same eect as a single request
Also, the methods OPTIONS and TRACE should not have
side eects, and so are inherently idempotent
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

36. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
A Sample Request
HEAD
can@portable:~$ nc cs.bilgi.edu.tr 80
HEAD / HTTP/1.1
Host: cs.bilgi.edu.tr
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 11 Mar 2006 23:20:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.0.55 (Debian) [...]
X-Powered-By: PHP/4.4.2-1
Content-Type: text/html
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

37. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
A Sample Request
GET
can@portable:~$ nc cs.bilgi.edu.tr 80
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: cs.bilgi.edu.tr
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 11 Mar 2006 23:20:34 GMT
Server: Apache/2.0.55 (Debian) [...]
X-Powered-By: PHP/4.4.2-1
Content-Type: text/html
[...]
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

38. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
1xx Informational
Request received, continuing process.
100 Continue
101 Switching Protocols
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

39. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
1xx Informational
Request received, continuing process.
100 Continue
101 Switching Protocols
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

40. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
2xx Success
The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

41. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
2xx Success
The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

42. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
2xx Success
The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

43. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
2xx Success
The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

44. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
2xx Success
The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

45. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
2xx Success
The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

46. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
2xx Success
The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

47. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

48. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

49. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

50. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

51. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

52. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

53. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

54. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

55. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3xx Redirection
Further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)
302 Found (HTTP/1.1)
303 See Other (HTTP/1.1)
304 Not Modied
305 Use Proxy
Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't
correctly handle responses with this status code.
306 (unused, but reserved)
307 Temporary Redirect
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

56. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

57. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

58. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

59. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

60. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

61. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

62. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

63. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

64. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
See basic authentication scheme and digest access authentication.
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

65. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

66. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

67. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

68. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

69. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

70. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

71. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

72. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

73. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
4xx Client Error
The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fullled.
409 Conict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisable
417 Expectation Failed
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

74. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
5xx Server Error
The server failed to fulll an apparently valid request.
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Timeout
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

75. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
5xx Server Error
The server failed to fulll an apparently valid request.
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Timeout
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

76. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
5xx Server Error
The server failed to fulll an apparently valid request.
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Timeout
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

77. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
5xx Server Error
The server failed to fulll an apparently valid request.
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Timeout
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

78. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
5xx Server Error
The server failed to fulll an apparently valid request.
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Timeout
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

79. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
5xx Server Error
The server failed to fulll an apparently valid request.
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Timeout
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

80. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
5xx Server Error
The server failed to fulll an apparently valid request.
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Timeout
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

81. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Outline
1 TCP/IP
IP Address
Port
2 HTTP
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3 Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

82. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HyperText implementation
Fat links
Typed links
Transclusion
Source tracking
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

83. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HyperText implementation
Fat links
Typed links
Transclusion
Source tracking
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

84. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HyperText implementation
Fat links
Typed links
Transclusion
Source tracking
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

85. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HyperText implementation
Fat links
Typed links
Transclusion
Source tracking
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

86. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HyperText implementation
Fat links
Typed links
Transclusion
Source tracking
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

87. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HyperText implementation
Fat links
Typed links
Transclusion
Source tracking
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

88. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Fat links
Fat links are links that point to more than one page
Browsers with tabbed browsing has option to load all links in a
bookmark folder
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

89. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Fat links
Fat links are links that point to more than one page
Browsers with tabbed browsing has option to load all links in a
bookmark folder
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

90. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Typed links
A typed link in a hypertext system is a link to another document or
part of a document that includes information about the character
of the link.3
A link might also specify that,
the document supports the conclusion of the article pointing
to it
it contradicts the article pointing to it
it is an older version of the document
that it serves to dene the word next to the link
it is an index to other documents of the same type
or some other relationship
3
All text below is a restructured Wikipedia article
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

91. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Typed links
A typed link in a hypertext system is a link to another document or
part of a document that includes information about the character
of the link.3
A link might also specify that,
the document supports the conclusion of the article pointing
to it
it contradicts the article pointing to it
it is an older version of the document
that it serves to dene the word next to the link
it is an index to other documents of the same type
or some other relationship
3
All text below is a restructured Wikipedia article
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

92. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Typed links
A typed link in a hypertext system is a link to another document or
part of a document that includes information about the character
of the link.3
A link might also specify that,
the document supports the conclusion of the article pointing
to it
it contradicts the article pointing to it
it is an older version of the document
that it serves to dene the word next to the link
it is an index to other documents of the same type
or some other relationship
3
All text below is a restructured Wikipedia article
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

93. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Typed links
A typed link in a hypertext system is a link to another document or
part of a document that includes information about the character
of the link.3
A link might also specify that,
the document supports the conclusion of the article pointing
to it
it contradicts the article pointing to it
it is an older version of the document
that it serves to dene the word next to the link
it is an index to other documents of the same type
or some other relationship
3
All text below is a restructured Wikipedia article
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

94. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Typed links
A typed link in a hypertext system is a link to another document or
part of a document that includes information about the character
of the link.3
A link might also specify that,
the document supports the conclusion of the article pointing
to it
it contradicts the article pointing to it
it is an older version of the document
that it serves to dene the word next to the link
it is an index to other documents of the same type
or some other relationship
3
All text below is a restructured Wikipedia article
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

95. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Typed links
A typed link in a hypertext system is a link to another document or
part of a document that includes information about the character
of the link.3
A link might also specify that,
the document supports the conclusion of the article pointing
to it
it contradicts the article pointing to it
it is an older version of the document
that it serves to dene the word next to the link
it is an index to other documents of the same type
or some other relationship
3
All text below is a restructured Wikipedia article
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

96. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Typed links
link rel=Contents href=top.html
link rel=Next href=chap3.html
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

97. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Typed links
link rel=Contents href=top.html
link rel=Next href=chap3.html
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

98. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Transclusion
Capability for documents to include sections of other
documents by reference
Rather than copying the included data and storing it in two
places, a transclusion embodies modular design, by allowing it
to be stored only once (and perhaps corrected and updated if
the link type supported that) and viewed in dierent contexts.
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

99. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Transclusion
Capability for documents to include sections of other
documents by reference
Rather than copying the included data and storing it in two
places, a transclusion embodies modular design, by allowing it
to be stored only once (and perhaps corrected and updated if
the link type supported that) and viewed in dierent contexts.
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

100. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Source Tracking
Remembering all details of previous and current version of the
document such as date, author, changes
HTML and HTTP doesn't have such feature
Wiki's provide such feature
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

101. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Source Tracking
Remembering all details of previous and current version of the
document such as date, author, changes
HTML and HTTP doesn't have such feature
Wiki's provide such feature
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

102. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Source Tracking
Remembering all details of previous and current version of the
document such as date, author, changes
HTML and HTTP doesn't have such feature
Wiki's provide such feature
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

103. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is the dierence from HTML
SGML
strict
data
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

104. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is the dierence from HTML
SGML
strict
data
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

105. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
What is the dierence from HTML
SGML
strict
data
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site

106. TCP/IP
HTTP
Data
Outline
1 TCP/IP
IP Address
Port
2 HTTP
Versions
Methods
Sample request
Status Codes
3 Data
HTML
XHTML, XML
Can Burak Çilingir Concepts for Operating a Web Site