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1. Assignment: Logic in philosophical reasoning
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SOLUTION PAPERS ON Assignment: Logic in philosophical reasoningBy successfully
completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course
competencies and assessment criteria:Competency 1: Employ sound logic in philosophical
reasoning. and defend logically each of these convictions with clear logical
argumentation.Competency 2: Classify alternative approaches to the origin and reliability of
human knowledge.Show that these distinct elements fit together to form a coherent
philosophy of life in the context of traditional Western epistemology.Assess the proper role
of philosophical reasoning in practical life.Competency 4: Interpret human behavior in
philosophical terms.State and explain a clear position on the ultimate meaning of
life.Competency 6: Formulate a personal philosophy of life.Describe personal convictions
about philosophical issues in contrast to alternative views of the same issues.Competency 7:
Communicate effectively in a variety of formats.Use proper APA style and formatting to
write effectively. Assignment: Logic in philosophical reasoning.It is time to finalize your
personal philosophy paper, the course project you have been working on for weeks. Using
the outline you developed in Unit 7, write an essay that states and defends your own
philosophy of life.As you finish this assignment, take a moment to congratulate yourself on
the success of your achievement. If anyone asks you what philosophy has to do with real
life, you know exactly what to tell them!Your paper should meet the following
requirements:Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that
detract from the overall message.APA formatting: Resources and citations should be
formatted according to APA (6th ed.) style and formatting standards.Number of resources:
Minimum of five resources.Length of paper: Approximately 1,200–1,600 words, typed and
double-spaced in Microsoft Word.Font and font size: Arial, 12-point.Review the Personal
Philosophy Paper course project description to ensure you have met the requirements of
the course project and understand how your assignment will be
graded.free_will__beauty__body_and_mind_uPHI 1000 Free Will, Beauty, Body and Mind
EssayIntroductionPhilosophy explains many diverse aspects of life. There are famous
philosophers whose philosophies are studied today to give a better understanding of life
issues. They include Aristotle, Plato, Kant, and Hume, among others. Three chosen topics are
going to be discussed in a philosophical light. These are human and body, free will, and the
perception of beauty. The following paper is going to discuss the philosophical issues
selected, state the personal position on the problems in contrast with alternative views,

2. defend the opinions with clear and logical reasoning, and respond to likely objectionsThe
Mind And BodyThe mind and body are two essential parts of a human being. There is a
philosophical debate on the relationship between the mind and body. The brain works in
terms of thoughts and consciousness. It is non-physical and intangible. The body, on the
other hand, is the physical aspect of the body. The debate asks as to whether the body and
the mind depend on one another and if they do, which part of the body is more superior
than the other.Dualism is one of the theories that attempt to explain the relationship
between the mind and body. The theory says that human beings have both a brain which is
the non-physical aspect and the body, which is the substantial part of a human being
(Knobe, & Nichols, 2013). Descartes dualism theory argues that the mind and the body are
two separate entities. However, the tangible and intangible aspects of the body interact and
work together. The theory explains that the body and the brain interact through the pineal
gland. The theory suggests that the brain is in charge of the body as Bunge (2014). It makes
decisions and rational choices that are followed by the body. However, there are instances
as well that the body controls the brain. In cases of passion, the body controls the mind and
acts despite ration.There is another opposing theory called monism (Mehta, 2011). The
approach has two classifications. Materialism is one classification that says that all things
are material and that there are no non-tangible things that exist like a brain. The following
classification is phenomenalism. The theory states that all physical things are reduced to
mental thinks, which ultimately means that all items are mental.The monism theory that
holds that only either tangible or intangible objects exist does not hold up. As much as the
brain makes a decision, it needs a physical element to perform the actions. The body, on its
own, cannot exist without a conscious that tells it what to do and make decisions
rationally.Free WillFree will is the ability if a human being to make a correct decision when
faced with difficult choices. It is motivated by responsibility, fear, guilt, and sin, among
others. The relationship between free will, determinism, and moral responsibility have been
the topic of debate for quite some time. Moral responsibility is the ability of an individual to
distinguish between what is right and wrong and follow the right path. However,
philosophers argue that there is no moral responsibility without free will (Nahmias, &
Murray, 2011). An individual should have a discrete brain and have the ability to make
decisions without depending on another person. Only with free will can they have the
ability to make morally responsible and virtuous ones too.Determinism is the other
philosophy that addresses free will. Determinism says that a person’s past events, in
conjunction with nature, determine the future of a person. With this in mind, it means that
there are events from every person’s past that determine their future. This theory directly
undermines free will. According to determinism, an individual cannot make decisions as
naturally; they are bound to happen. Assignment: Logic in philosophical
reasoningCompatibilism is the answer to the dilemma surrounding free will. This theory
suggests that determinism and free will can co-exist. One of them does not render the other
useless. The conflict is brought about by the fact that free will is not defined in one way.
There are varying definitions. However, the two can coexist.Appreciating BeautyThe topic
of beauty is among the most controversial issues of all times. There are very different
perceptions of beauty, and they all have origins from the fathers of philosophy. In the

3. eighteenth century, Hume already had devised one way of looking at beauty. He said that
beauty is not in the physical attributes. Instead, beauty is it depends on the mind that views
it. Different minds perceive beauty differently and consequently, people. While one person
may see beauty, another person may only recognize undesirable traits. However, every
individual should hold on to what their view of beauty may be without regulating other’s
opinions of beauty.Socrates and Aristotle define beauty in terms of mathematics. They claim
that science and mathematics could prove anything. Hence, beauty is indicating by
symmetry and has an order. However, Plato defined beauty in a whole new perceptive
(Swami, & Salem, 2011). He claimed that beauty is an objective quality. Some philosophies
dictate that beauty of a human being comes from within. People with good behaviours and
extraordinary personalities tend to display beauty. This is a direct relation of harmony with
one’s ability to have free will and functional relationships between the brain and body. All
three qualities seem to be connected in one way or another.From these definitions, it is
clear how diverse the opinions of different philosophers are. They are not related to one
another in any way. However, Hume’s definition of beauty seems to be more sensible.
People perceive beauty differently because they have different brains.ConclusionFrom the
discussions above on the philosophies on the mind and body, free will, and the perception
of beauty, it is clear that all these functions are related. The fact that stands out is the fact
that the brain is the primary controller of all the features of the mind. It controls the
physical aspect of a human being, which is the body, controls the free will of individuals, and
finally is the organ that perceives beauty. It is because if the brain that different individuals
see beauty differently.ReferencesBunge, M., (2014). The mind-body problem: A
psychobiological approach. Elsevier.Knobe, J., & Nichols, S. (Eds.). (2013). Experimental
philosophy (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press.Mehta, N., (2011). Mind-body dualism: A
critique from a health perspective. Men’s Sana Monographs, 9(1), 202.Nahmias, E., &
Murray, D. (2011). Experimental philosophy on free will: An error theory for incompatibilist
intuitions. In New waves in philosophy of action (pp. 189-216). Palgrave Macmillan,
London.Swami, V., & Salem, N. (2011). The evolutionary psychology of human beauty. Wiley.