This document discusses breast milk, including its composition of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins and minerals tailored for the baby's needs. It describes how lactation occurs during pregnancy in preparation for milk production, involving proliferation of ducts and alveoli stimulated by hormones. After birth, prolactin and oxytocin regulate milk production and ejection in response to suckling through hypothalamic-pituitary pathways. Factors that can affect prolactin secretion are also outlined.

1. DISCUSS BREAST MILK
CONTENTS
HOW TO GIVE(positioning & attachment)
ADVANTAGES OF BM
CONTRA INDICATIONS
EXCLUSIVE BF

2. BREAST MILK
CONTENTS
Normally tailored to the needs of the baby.
Macronutrients
 Water
 Proteins
 Carbohydrates
 Fats
Micronutrients.
 Vitamins
 Minerals

3. Lactation
• Preparation of breast for lactation occurs
during pregnancy.
• Involves proliferation of ducts & alveoli due to
estrogen, HPL&HCG.
• Occurs in 3 stages.
 1st stage at 2wks before delivery
 2nd stage few days after delivery.
During pregnancy, prolactin stimulates
glandular activity & begins to secret colostrum.

4. • Prolactin is inhibited by progesterone, however
after birth inhibition is removed & milk
synthesis increases.
Stage 3:(maintenance of established lactation)
• hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulates prolactin
&oxytocin synthesis & release.(milk production
& ejection reflexes).
• Suckling leads to release of prolactin &
oxytocin . prolactin-alveolar cells to increase
BM production.
Oxytocin-contraction of smooth muscle- milk
ejection.

5. Factors affecting prolactin secretion.
• Stimulants: nipple stimulation, sight of baby,
cry ,sleep, sexual intercourse, drugs e.g.
phenothiazide& reserpine.
• Suppressors: stress, pain, L-dopa, ergot
preparations & stilboestrol.

6. Composition of breast milk