C++ arabic course

‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬:‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻼد‬
‫اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬:com.magedxl@hotmail
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺳﻠﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻜﻢ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫آي‬ ‫ك‬...

‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻲ‬ ‫أذن‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺒﺎس‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮع‬
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‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬©
*‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب‬‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮرة‬‫اﻟﻤﺬﻛ‬ ‫ﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟ‬"Windows" "visual c++"‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫ﻋﻼﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬‫وﻏ‬
‫ﺤﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬‫ﻻﺻ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﺴ‬،‫ﺤﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬‫ﻻﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫وﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺘﺮم‬‫ﻳﺤ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫واﻟﻤﺆﻟ‬،‫ﺒﺎ‬‫ﻃﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب‬‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺤﺎ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﺮﻫﺎ‬‫ﻳﺬﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫وﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎر‬.
*‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺄي‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺆوﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻳﻬ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺮﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت‬ ‫آي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﺎ‬.
*‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬ ‫رأي‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻵراء‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬.
*‫ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬100%‫ﺗﺠﺎرﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻪ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻖ‬ ‫وﻻ‬.

‫ﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺮاق‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ارض‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺪاء‬‫إﻫ‬ ‫ﺘﺎب‬‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ﻫ‬..‫ﻧﻌ‬‫ودﺟﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮات‬ ‫ارض‬ ‫ﺮاق‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻌﻨﺎ‬‫أﺿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺮاق‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻢ‬،‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮ‬
‫ﺑــﻐــﺪاد‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ‬...
‫أﺿﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬..‫أﺿﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬..
‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﻪ‬ ‫أرﺿﺎ‬ ‫وﺳﺘﻌﻮدﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻚ‬..
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬..‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬


‫أﻋﺰاﺋﻲ‬..
‫وﺑﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء‬ ‫اﷲ‬..‫اﻟﺴﻮاء‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺤﺘﺮﻓﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺈذن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ‬..
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻈﺖ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺖ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬Visual C++..
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اوﻓﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬..
‫ﻳﺤﻮز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أرﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫رﺿﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬
‫ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬C++.
‫اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﷲ‬..

‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬............................................................................‫أ‬
‫اﻫﺪأ‬.......................................................................................‫ب‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬....................................................................................‫د‬
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫اﻷ‬‫ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬++c‫وادواﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬c++.........................................................................٧
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬................................................................................١٣
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬c++....................................................١٥
‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬......................................................................١٥
‫واﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬............................................................١٧
‫واﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‬.......................................................................١٧
‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸدوات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫أوﻟﻴﺎت‬..................................................١٩
‫واﻟﻤﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬..........................................................٢٠
‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬.........................................................................٢٢
‫اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫أداة‬.................................................................................٢٣
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫أداة‬...............................................................................٢٤
‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫أداة‬............................................................................٢٤
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫أداة‬...............................................................٢٥
‫اﻹزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫أداة‬.............................................................................٢٦
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬.........................................................................٢٨
‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮان‬ ‫أداة‬..............................................................................٢٩
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫أداة‬.......................................................................٣٠
‫ﻛﺄداة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬...........................................................................٣١
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬..........................................................................٣٢
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻜﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬...........................................٣٣
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬c++...................................................٣٤
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬++6.0CVisual
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬Visual C++..........................................٣٥
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬‫واﻹﺧﺮاج‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬..................................................................................٤٠


‫واﻹﺧﺮاج‬ ‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬...................................................................٤١
‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬...........................................(٤٢
‫ﻃﺒﺎ‬‫اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬.................................................................٤٤
‫واﺣﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬................................٤٧
‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬c++..................................................................٤٩
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬‫ﺮاﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬‫واﻟﺸﺮط‬‫واﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬..................................................................................٥٣
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬.......................................................................٥٣
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬if statements......................................٥٤
‫اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬switch statement.............................................٥٩
‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬‫؟‬...................................................................٦٠
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬ ‫وﺣﻠﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬............................................................٦١
‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻮب‬For.............................................٦١
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺎت‬for Loops..........................................٦٦
‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬ ‫أﺳﻠﻮب‬While & Do................................٦٩
‫ﺣﻠﻘﺎت‬While‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬...........................................................٧٢
‫اﻹﻳﻘﺎف‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬Break...............................................................٧٣
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬continue......................................................٧٥
‫ا‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﺨﺮوج‬exit()..............................................................٧٧
‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬goto................................................................٧٨
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﻗﻤﺔ‬‫واﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬..................................................................................٧٩
‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺪ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫أوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫إﻋﻄﺎء‬..................................٨٣
‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬............................................٨٥
‫اﻟﺒﻌﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬.............................................................٨٦
‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫اﻟﺪوال‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬.................................................................................٨٨
‫اﻟﺪوال‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬...............................................................٩٠
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷﻗﺮاص‬‫و‬‫دوال‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت‬‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬................................................................................٩٤
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬()fopen.......................................................٩٥
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬fprintf()............................................٩٧
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫إﻏﻼق‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬fclose()....................................................٩٨
‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺘﺎن‬putw() getw().......................................................٩٩
‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬...............................................................................١٠١

‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬++C
*‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز‬C++
١-‫اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮوف‬A.B.C
٢-‫اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮوف‬a.b.c
٣-‫اﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرﻗﺎم‬1.2.3
٤-‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬:
[] " ! < - +
* ، || > ( ) _
>> <> =< => /
!= & % $ # <<
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬١-١
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮﻣﻮز‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫وﺗﻌ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺮدات‬ ‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺄﻧﻮاﻋﻬ‬C++،‫وإذا‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺮى‬ ‫أﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫درﺳ‬C++،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻆ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺣ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﻓ‬C++،‫ﻮزا‬ ‫رﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺪ‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
*‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎت‬C++
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬:-
١-‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬(Identifiers)
‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻬﺎ‬"‫اﻟﻤﺒﺮﻣﺠﻮن‬"‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻠﻖ‬:-
-A‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬.
-B‫اﻻﺧﺘﺰاﻧﺎت‬)‫اﻟﺪوال‬.(
-C‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮات‬.
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬C++‫وادواﺗﻬﺎ‬
Basic Elements of C++

*‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬C++:-
١-‫أن‬ ‫ﺮط‬ ‫ﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫اﻷرﻗ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺮوف‬‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬‫ﺳﻠﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻮﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫اﻻﺳ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﻳﻜ‬ ‫أن‬
‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪا‬‫ﺗﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻂ‬"_"
٢-‫اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬"_"
٢-‫اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮزة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫إﺣﺪى‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أن‬.
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬:
a.B6
b.X_ray
c.Matrix
d.Ok_
e.A
f.Soft_fine
g.Door12
h._new
‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫وﻫﺬه‬(invalid)‫إزاء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎب‬‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬:
7-upÙ‫ﺑﺤﺮف‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺪا‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻪ‬.
b6.1Ù‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬(.)
salim!Ù‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬(!)
Ђ2Ù‫ﻳﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ز‬‫إﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬.
No#1Ù‫اﻟﺨﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬)#(
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫وﻣ‬،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫أن‬C++‫اﻟﺼﻐ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﺠﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺮوف‬‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺮق‬‫ﺗﻔ‬‫واﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‬ ‫ﻴﺮة‬،
‫ﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﻤ‬:SYSTEM , system, System‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮوف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬.

٢-‫اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮزة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬‫ﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺮوﻓﺔ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫وﻫ‬C++،‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮة‬ ‫ﺮوف‬‫ﺑﺤ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫وﺗﻜﺘ‬،
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﻬ‬‫ﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺆدﻳﻬ‬C++،‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﻮزة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺠ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫وﻫ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﺠﺪي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬:
near Static asm Double long Sizeof
do int While new auto else
For This Void Delete Goto if
const Entry char Class Public Case
Continue Extern struct inline float Private
Virtual Volatile Frinde enum near Static
cdecl Default inline Overload Unsigned Typedef
Signed Pascal Operator Switch Template Union
Register Protected far Catch char Const
break Return
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬٢-١
‫ﻮزة‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﺠ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﻰ‬‫وﻳﻨ‬،‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫إﻋ‬ ‫ﻮز‬‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺼﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬.
‫ﻮزة‬‫اﻟﻤﺤﺠ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻆ‬‫ﺗﻼﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وﻛﻤ‬،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫أن‬C++‫ﺘﻜﻮن‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻐﻴﺮة‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮزة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬٥٢‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺠﻮزة‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬.

•‫اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬Numeric Constants
‫اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬،‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬C++‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﺜﻼث‬:-
a.‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪدي‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬integer
-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷرﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬0Ù9
-‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
-‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻮى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬"+"‫أو‬"-"
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪدي‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:-
0
15
1000
321
-61
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻋﺪاد‬‫ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎب‬‫إزاء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬:
3.31:‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻪ‬.
1,000:‫ﻓﺎرزة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻪ‬.
J72:‫أﺑﺠﺪي‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻪ‬.
2 4:‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬.
1999 1992 1992:‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫وأﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬.
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺪاد‬ ‫اﻷﻋ‬ ‫ﻨﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤ‬C++،‫ﻃﻮﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬،‫ﻌﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺴ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬:-
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬40000 , 19897‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬long int.
‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬45 , 80 , -16‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬short int.
‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬967 , 20000‫إﺷﺎرة‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬unsigned int.
‫واﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺮق‬‫واﻟﻔ‬‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﺪد‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻴﺮة‬‫ﺼ‬
‫ﺮة‬‫اﻟﺬاﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮع‬‫ﻧ‬،‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺰا‬ ‫ﺄﺧﺬ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮة‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴ‬،‫إﺷﺎرة‬ ‫ﺪون‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻣ‬unsigned int،‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛ‬ ‫ﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎره‬‫ﻟﻼﺷ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫ﺪة‬ ‫واﺣ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺪة‬ ‫وﺣ‬unsigned،‫ﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻗ‬int،

‫ﺎرة‬ ‫إﺷ‬ ‫ﺪون‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺈزاﺣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫وذﻟ‬،‫ﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬ ‫اﻷﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮع‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫وﻟﻜ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ‬.
-b‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪدي‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬Floating-point Constants
-‫اﻷرﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬0Ù9
-‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬
-‫اﻻﺷﺎره‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻮى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬"+"‫أو‬"-"
-‫ﻻ‬‫ﻓﺎرزة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻮز‬"،"
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:-
421.5
10.6
0.0
0
01
-68.0
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫إزاء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﻴﻪ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:-
1000:‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻪ‬.
4,000.21:‫ﻓﺎرزة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻﻧﻪ‬.
2 83.4:‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻻن‬.

•‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬Non-numeric
-‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬)‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬ ‫أرﻗﺎم‬ ‫أﺣﺮف‬(‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة‬
‫ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺻﺮ‬)‫اﻗﺘﺒﺎس‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬(
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰي‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬:-
"first"
"my name is"
"30+50=80"
"my,no=123.04"
"Islam"
‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫رﻣﺰﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺰدوﺟﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫ﺺ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻨﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﻆ‬‫وﺗﻼﺣ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫واﻻﺻﻄﻼح‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺎ‬‫رﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫أن‬،‫رﻣﺰي‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫واﻣﺎ‬
:‫ﺮﻣﻮز‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪد‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﻣﻜ‬ ‫ﻨﺺ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻼن‬‫ﻓ‬،‫ﺪد‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﺾ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺔ‬‫وﺗﺴ‬
Non-numeric.
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬/
‫ﻼه‬‫أﻋ‬ ‫ﻮاردة‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫داﺧﻠﻬ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ارﻗﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫وان‬،‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ‬ ‫أﻻ‬
‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺗﺤﻤ‬،‫ﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻴﺲ‬‫وﻟ‬،‫ﺎدة‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬‫وﺗﺴ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬)‫ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ‬(‫ذ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫اﻛﺮة‬،‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺰن‬.
‫أو‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳ‬ ‫ﺮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬‫أﻧ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وﺑﻤ‬
‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮﻣ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘ‬...‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻚ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ـﺦ‬‫اﻟـ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬،‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﻤ‬‫أن‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺴ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬x‫و‬y‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎن‬،‫واﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬k‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬،‫واﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬c,b,a‫رﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬.
‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻄﺮﻳﻦ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻆ‬‫ﻻﺣ‬،‫ﺜﺮ‬‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﻮﻳﺎن‬‫ﻳﺤ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫واﻟﺜﺎﻟ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻳﻔﺼ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻳ‬،‫ﻴﺮات‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫وﻛﺬﻟ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎﺻ‬،‫ﻟﻠﻨﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺑﺬﻛ‬
،‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﻌﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻮل‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬،‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫أي‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬ ‫أو‬...‫اﻟـﺦ‬
Float x, y;
Integer k;
Char c,b,a;
X=2.0;
Y=10.6*x;
K=100;
A=t;
B=f;
C=4;
X‫و‬y‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﺪدان‬
K‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬
C,b,a‫رﻣﻮز‬

•‫ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬ ‫وﺗﻘﺴﻢ‬:-
١-‫ﻋﺪدﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰن‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬.
٢-‫رﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
‫رﻣﻮز‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰن‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬.
٣-‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺨﺰن‬FALSE =0‫أو‬TRUE=1

‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬++C
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬C++‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬:
‫ﺎﺑ‬‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬‫ﻴﺔ‬–‫ﺔ‬‫واﻟﻌﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬–‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺗﻔﺼ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻳﺄﺗ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎ‬‫وﻓ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪﻗ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬
‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻮاع‬:-
‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬Arithmetic Operators
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬C++‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﻗﺴ‬ ‫ﺮي‬ ‫وﺿ‬ ‫ﺮح‬ ‫وﻃ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬،
‫ﺮى‬‫اﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫ﻛﺎﻟﻠﻐ‬،‫أس‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺮف‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬،‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬‫اﻷداة‬h
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬Basic‫واﻷداة‬**‫ﺮان‬‫ﻓﻮرﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫أس‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺮﻓﻊ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫واﻧﻤ‬C++
‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬..
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘﺴ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺗﺨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬C++‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬Basic‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺮي‬‫ﻛﺴ‬ ‫ﺰء‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إذا‬
‫ﻴﺮا‬‫ﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﺎن‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻬﻤﻬ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻳﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘﺴ‬،‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫وﻛﻮﺑﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬8/3
‫ﻫﻮ‬2‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺴﺮ‬0.666‫ﻳﻬﻤﻞ‬،‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن‬/‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬.
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻧﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻵن‬ ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬C++‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬:-
‫وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺷﺎره‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺮح‬ -
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬ +
‫ﻟﻠﻀﺮب‬ *
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ /
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ %
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺼﺎن‬ --
‫ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎدة‬ + +
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬٣-١

‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄ‬ ‫ﻮع‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﺾ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻒ‬‫وﻳﺨ‬،‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫أو‬،
‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﻸدوات‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣ‬ ‫أو‬،‫أن‬ ‫ﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜ‬
‫ﺮب‬‫وﺿ‬ ‫ﺮح‬‫وﻃ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤ‬،‫ﺮﻓﻬﺎ‬‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﺮي‬‫ﺗﺠ‬،‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﺬورا‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻨﺎك‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻧﺬﻛ‬ ‫أن‬،‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺪي‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫وﻫ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻨﻮع‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻮﻣﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳ‬ ‫ﺪود‬‫اﻟﺤ‬،‫ﺪودا‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻴﺮات‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮع‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻻن‬،
‫ﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎوزﻫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌ‬،‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ ‫وﻋ‬
‫ﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﺎﻷدوات‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺪود‬ ‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺪي‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ ‫وﻋ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﻤﻮح‬‫اﻟﻤﺴ‬،‫وﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺄ‬‫ﺧﻄ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎن‬‫ﻓ‬overflow،‫وﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫أﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬،‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬:
‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬n‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﻮاب‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﻳﻜ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺋ‬99000،‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮاب‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺪى‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬30464،‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻤﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫وﻫ‬،
‫ﻧﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮى‬‫أﺧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫أﻣ‬ ‫ﻨﺎك‬‫وﻫ‬8‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬3‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬8/3‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬
‫ﻮ‬‫وﻫ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺤﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﻳﻜ‬2‫ﻂ‬‫ﻓﻘ‬،‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺰء‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﻆ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫رﻏﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫وإذا‬‫ﺬي‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮي‬‫ﻜﺴ‬
‫ﻘﻂ‬ ‫واﺳ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫أﻫﻤ‬،‫ﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘﺴ‬ ‫ﻮل‬‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜ‬8.0/3.0‫ﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎن‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺌﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺳ‬2.667‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫أدﺧﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ﻟﻬ‬C++‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺴ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗ‬ ‫أداة‬%‫ﻤﻰ‬ ‫وﻳﺴ‬
Modulus Operator‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬:
‫ﻮاب‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﻄ‬1‫ﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘﺴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫وﻫ‬‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬7/3،‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫وﻣ‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻼن‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫ﻮل‬ ‫وﻛﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬،‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻔ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﻟ‬7 mod 3،‫ﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻤ‬MOD‫ﺎر‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻫ‬Modulus،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻣ‬C++
‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬%‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬا‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻮم‬.
Main( )
{
int n = 33000;
n = n * 3;
}
7 % 3

‫واﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬BinaryUnary and
Operators
‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋ‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺴ‬ ‫ﺮب‬ ‫واﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺮح‬ ‫واﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤ‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫ﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬
binary‫ﺄﺧﺬ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻧﻬ‬ ‫أي‬)‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺗ‬(‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬‫وﺗﻨ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻴ‬،‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬2*3‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬6‫ﺔ‬‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﻨﺎك‬‫وﻫ‬–‫ﺜﻼ‬‫ﻓﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫واﺣ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬(-1992)‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﺗﻤ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺎرة‬‫اﻹﺷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫أﺣﺎدﻳ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫وﻫ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ‬Unary،‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺮح‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫واﻟﻌﻤﻠ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ‬.
‫واﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‬Increment and Decrement
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬C++‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻷداﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬+ +‫و‬--‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‬1
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫إﻧﻘﺎﺻﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو‬1،‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬:
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎه‬1‫إﻟﻰ‬a‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮره‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬:-
‫إﻧﻘﺎص‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬1‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬a‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬:-
‫أو‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻴﺬ‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻨﺎك‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜ‬،‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬++a;‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮع‬‫أﺳ‬a=a+1;‫ﺬه‬‫وﻫ‬
‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬.
‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻤ‬‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ‬a++‫و‬++a،‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮﻳ‬1‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬a،‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜ‬++a‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬،‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻓ‬a
++a;
A++;
A=a+1;
--a;
a--;
A=a-1;

‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺰداد‬ ‫ﺗ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ‬a++‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺮج‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬a‫ﺪار‬‫ﺑﻤﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫زﻳﺎدﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟ‬1،‫ز‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ذﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫وﺑﻌ‬‫ﺎدة‬‫ﻳ‬a‫ﺪار‬‫ﺑﻤﻘ‬1‫آي‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫اﻷوﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠ‬ ‫أن‬،‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﺗﺄﺧ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫أﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬–
a‫و‬a--.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ‬:
Int x,y,z
X=y=z=0
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:
Int x=y=z=0
Int x,y,x;
X=y=x=0;
X=++y + ++z;
X=y++ + z++;
X=++y + z++;
X=y-- +--z;
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫أوﻟﻴﺔ‬1‫إﻟﻰ‬z‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺧﺮه‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫أوﻻ‬x
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬1‫إﻟﻰ‬y‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺟﻞ‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫إﻋﻄﺎء‬
x
‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬x=1 , z=1 , y=1
‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬x=2 , y=2 , z=2
‫ﻻن‬x،‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬z,y‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺰداد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬1
‫اﻵن‬x=3 , y=3 , z=3
‫ﻻن‬x‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬y‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫زﻳﺎدﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬z‫أن‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺰداد‬1
‫اﻵن‬x=5 , y=2 , z=1

‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸدوات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫أوﻟﻴﺔ‬Precedence of
thmetic OperationsAri
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫أوﻟ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜ‬C++‫ﻸدوات‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬:
‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬
1 ++‫أو‬--
2 -
3 *‫أو‬/‫أو‬%
4 +‫أو‬-
5 =
6 ++‫أو‬--)‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮة‬(
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬٤-١
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬:
‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﺗﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮح‬ ‫واﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫اﻟﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺎن‬‫أوﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺎوت‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫إذا‬،‫ﺎر‬‫ﻳﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺮب‬‫اﻷﻗ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬،‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫اﻷوﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫ﺄﺧﺬ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻮاس‬‫اﻷﻗ‬ ‫ﺎن‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﺗﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻷي‬ ‫ﻮاس‬‫اﻷﻗ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬‫وﻋ‬
‫ﺒﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻴﺬ‬‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔ‬)‫ﺎن‬‫اﻟﻨﻘﺼ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺎدة‬‫اﻟ‬(،‫ﺮى‬‫اﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬،‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻴﻦ‬)‫اﻷﺳﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬:(-
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫أوﻟﻮﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬:-
١-‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬y / z
٢-‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬:(y/z)*a
٣-‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺞ‬2‫إﻟﻰ‬x‫اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮن‬:
X + y / z * z
‫ﻦ‬‫اﻟﻴﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫اﻟﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺮاء‬‫ﺑﺈﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺪأﻧ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﻆ‬‫ﻻﺣ‬،‫وﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫أﻻ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫وﺗﻌﻄ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺪة‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻷﻳ‬،‫ﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘﺴ‬ ‫ﺎءت‬‫ﻓﺠ‬،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺜﺎل‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬،‫ﺟﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺗﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮب‬.
‫اﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮب‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮح‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫زﻳﺎدة‬1
X + y / z * a

‫اﻷد‬‫واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫وات‬Relational and Logical
Operations
‫ﻮ‬ ‫وﻫ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬‫رﻣ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬‫ﻛﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺮاء‬‫أﺟ‬،‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫وﺗﻜ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫وﻫ‬(true)‫أو‬(false)،‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ ‫وﻳﻜ‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﺑ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬:x= =y‫ﻻ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاب‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬:matrix > 100.0‫ﻻ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاب‬.
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫وﻓ‬C++‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬(false)‫ﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻬ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬(0)‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫وﺗ‬
(true)‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫أﻳﺔ‬(1).
‫واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻳﺒﻴﻦ‬:
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ >
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﺻﻐﺮ‬ <
‫ﻳﺴﺎوي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ =>
‫ﻳﺴﺎوي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﺻﻐﺮ‬ =<
‫ﻳﺴﺎوي‬ = =
‫ﻳﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﻻ‬ !=
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬٥-١
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻷد‬‫اة‬
And)‫واو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬( &&
Or)‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬( ||
Not)‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬(‫أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫أداة‬unary !
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬٦-١
‫اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻵن‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻚ‬:‫أن‬ ‫اﻓﺮض‬int a=b=3;
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬a < 3‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ‬false‫أي‬0
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬a<=3‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ‬true‫أي‬1
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬a>b‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ‬false‫أي‬0
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬a!=b‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ‬false‫أي‬0
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬a= = b‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ‬true‫أي‬1

‫اﻟﺼﺪق‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻮق‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬:-
‫اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬
!x (not x)
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬
X||y (x or y)
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬
X && y (x and y)
x !y x Y X||y X Y X&&y
F T F F F F F F
T F F T T F T F
T F T T F F
T T T T T T
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬٧-١
!!‫أﻋﻼه‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺨﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاول‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬:-
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬:
‫أن‬ ‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺗﺨ‬F‫ﻢ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﺗﻤ‬،‫وان‬T‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻌﺴ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﺗﻤ‬،‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺑﻨﺎء‬F&&T‫ﺳﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫أي‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬‫واﻟﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬F،‫ﻚ‬‫ﻛﺬﻟ‬F&&T‫ﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﻨ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬‫واﻟﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟﻌﺴ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻂ‬‫ﺧﻠ‬
‫أي‬F،‫ﻚ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟ‬T&&F‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬F‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻣ‬T&&T‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻬ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬T.
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬:
‫ﻢ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﺮت‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻓﻠ‬F‫ﻢ‬‫واﻟﺴ‬FF||F‫ﺮوﻓﻪ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺘ‬F‫ﻞ‬‫واﻟﻌﺴ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻣ‬
F||T‫ﻋﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬T،‫وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬T||T‫ﻋﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬T...

‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬Bowties Operators
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻴﺰ‬‫ﺗﺘﻤ‬C++‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻧﻬ‬ ‫ﻜﺎل‬‫وﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺑﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻮال‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻗ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻠﻐ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺮ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳ‬ ‫ﺪة‬ ‫وﺣ‬ ‫ﺘﻮى‬‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫دﻗ‬ ‫أدوات‬[Bit]‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮة‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬Binary
Digit*
‫أدوات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺖ‬‫ﺳ‬)‫ﺖ‬‫اﻟﺒ‬(‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷﻧﻬ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺗ‬[bit])‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟ‬(‫ﺮة‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺤﺼ‬،‫ﺒﻄﺎ‬‫وﺿ‬،‫ﺔ‬‫وإزاﺣ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫وﺗﺴ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬int‫واﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬char‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫وﻻ‬..
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ووﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺪول‬:
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬
(not)‫أ‬ ‫آداه‬‫ﺣﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ~
(and)‫اﻟﻮاو‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬)‫و‬( &
(or)‫اﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬)‫و‬( |
‫اﻟﻴﺴﺎر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫إزاﺣﺔ‬ >>
‫اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫إزاﺣﺔ‬ <<
(xor))‫أو‬(‫اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ^
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬٨-١
‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻛﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
‫أوﻟﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬
‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ~
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ <<‫أو‬>>
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ &
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬ ^
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ |
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬٩-١

‫اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫أداة‬)~(
‫ﻔﺮ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺪال‬‫إﺑ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺗﻌﻤ‬(0)‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺣ‬(1)‫ﺲ‬‫اﻟﻌﻜ‬ ‫أو‬،‫ﺗﻀﻊ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ‬‫وﻣﻌ‬
0‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻜ‬1‫ﻚ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟ‬1‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻜ‬0،‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﻤ‬x‫ﺪدي‬ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬)‫ﻣﻦ‬8‫ﺑﺖ‬:(-
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬x
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬~x
‫ﻨﻰ‬‫وﻣﻌ‬~‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔ‬(not)‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻀﺎد‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ‬‫وﻣﻌ‬0‫و‬1‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪدي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﻨﻔﻰ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬0‫ﻨﻪ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪﻻ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺗﺜﺒ‬1‫ﺤﻴﺢ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫واﻟﻌﻜ‬،‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺤﻪ‬‫ﻳﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫وﻫ‬
‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫إذ‬)‫ﻧﻔﻲ‬(‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬x‫ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺖ‬~x‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬.
01011000
01011000

‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫أداة‬&
‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪدي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬:
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬x&y;
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬x‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬y‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗ‬‫ﺞ‬X&Y;
‫ﻳﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬0+0‫وﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬0،‫وﻳﺠﻤﻊ‬0+1‫ﻟﻴﻌﻄﻲ‬0‫وﻳﺠﻤﻊ‬1+1‫وﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬1
FÙF&FF&TÙFT&TÙT)‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪق‬ ‫ﺟﺪاول‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬(
‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫أداة‬|
‫ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫أردﻧﺎ‬ ‫إذا‬X‫و‬y‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬x|y;
x
y
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬x|y;
‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬0‫و‬1‫ﻫﻮ‬1،‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫واﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬1‫و‬1‫ﻫﻮ‬1،‫وﺑﻴﻦ‬0‫و‬0‫ﻫﻮ‬0.
F|TÙTT|TÙTT|FÙT)‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪق‬ ‫ﺟﺪاول‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬(
01011000
10010000
00010000
01011000
10010000
11011000

‫اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫أداة‬^
‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮى‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﺬ‬
x
y
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬x^y;
‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﺎر‬‫اﻻﺧﺘ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻆ‬‫ﻻﺣ‬0‫و‬0‫ﺘﻪ‬‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠ‬0،‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﺎر‬‫واﻻﺧﺘ‬1‫و‬0‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ‬1،‫وﺑﻴﻦ‬1‫و‬1
‫ﺘﻪ‬‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠ‬0،‫ﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬‫اﻻﺳ‬ ‫ﻴﺎر‬‫اﻻﺧﺘ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫أن‬^(XOR)‫ﻴﺎر‬‫اﻻﺧﺘ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺗﺨ‬| (OR)
‫ﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠ‬ ‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬true(1)‫ﺪ‬ ‫أﺣ‬ ‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﻳﻜ‬ ‫ﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻴﺎر‬‫اﻻﺧﺘ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻃﺮﻓ‬x‫أو‬y‫ﺘﻪ‬‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠ‬true،‫ﺎ‬‫داﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺘﻴﺠ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ذﻟ‬ ‫ﺪا‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫وﻣ‬false(0)،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻈﺖ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬(OR)‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬1|1‫ﻫﻲ‬1.
10010000
01011000
11001000

‫اﻹزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫أدوات‬>>‫و‬<<
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺮﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬‫ﻏﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻹزاﺣ‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫ﺒﺪو‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﺬي‬Basic‫و‬
Pascal..‫ـﺦ‬ ‫اﻟ‬.‫ﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫إزاﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫إﺣﺪاﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﻴ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋ‬ ‫ﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬)‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒ‬(‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪدا‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎرا‬ ‫ﻳﺴ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻴ‬،‫ﻼ‬ ‫وﺗﻤ‬
‫أﺻﻔﺎرا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺎت‬،‫آﺣﺎدا‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬.
‫واﻷﻣﺜ‬‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠ‬x>>2;‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺬﻫﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬x)‫ﻲ‬‫وﻫ‬23‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬(‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬:
x
x>>2;
‫ﺧﺎﻧﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫اﻹزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬)٢‫ﺑﺖ‬(‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬:
5‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬.
‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬23>>2;‫اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬5.
‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬23‫اﻟﻤﺰاﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬.
2‫ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻹزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬.
‫ﺑﻤﺼﻔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺌﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻹزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬.
11101000
10100000

‫ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫إزاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:
Z = - 50<<2;
Z
Z<<3
‫إزاﺣﺔ‬)٢‫ﺑﺖ‬(‫ﻟﻠﻴﺴﺎر‬.
‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻹزاﺣ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺜﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‬1
‫وﻟﻴﺲ‬0‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬.
11101000
11101000

‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫أدوات‬Other Operations
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬the conditional operator
‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫وﻫ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ﻴﺰ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬c++‫ﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬،‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮرة‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫إذ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫وﻫ‬ ‫ﻜﺎل‬ ‫وﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺮان‬ ‫وﻓﻮرﺗ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺴ‬if-then-else،‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺒﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺘ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬:
Expression1 ? Expression2: Expression3
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬:‫ﺮط‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫اﻧ‬(b<c)‫ﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ‬a=b،‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫وإﻻ‬a=c‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫وﺑﺎﺳ‬
‫ﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬ‬ ‫ﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬:
If (b<c)
A=b;
Else
A=c
A=(b<c) ? b:c
A=b
A=c
‫ﻓﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫إذا‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫إذا‬
‫ﻓﺎن‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫أداة‬)&(‫و‬(*)Pointer*the & and
Operator
‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷ‬Pointer‫ﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬،‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫وﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐ‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺈذن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎدﻣ‬ ‫ﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺮض‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻛ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤ‬،
‫اﻟﻤﺤ‬ ‫ﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷ‬ ‫ﻴﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺜﺮ‬ ‫وﻳﻜ‬‫ﻦ‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻮزة‬ ‫ﺠ‬
‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬.
‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫وﺗﻌ‬&‫أﺣﺎدﻳ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺗ‬،‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻳﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮف‬،‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻳﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺮف‬،‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬:
‫ﻨﻮان‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺗﻌﻄ‬y‫ﺮة‬‫اﻟﺬاﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬،‫ﻣﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌﻪ‬‫ووﺿ‬x،‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﺬه‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠ‬‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬x=y‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫وﺿ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬y‫ﺰن‬‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬x‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻣ‬&
‫ﺒﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬y‫ﺰن‬‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻨﻮان‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫إﻋﻄ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬‫ﻓﻤﻌ‬y‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻂ‬‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺮة‬‫اﻟﺬاﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬x،‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻴﺲ‬‫وﻟ‬y
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻓﻠ‬y=10،‫ﻢ‬‫ورﻗ‬)‫ﻨﻮان‬‫ﻋ‬(‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺮة‬‫اﻟﺬاﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿ‬120،‫ﻓﺎن‬x‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬
120‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬&‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬y‫ﻸداة‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ‬‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬*‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﺎدﻳ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻬ‬،
‫ﻟﻸداة‬ ‫وﻣﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬، &‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬. *
‫أن‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻳﻔﻬ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻓﺎﻧ‬x‫ﻨﻮان‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮى‬‫ﺗﺤ‬)‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣﻮﻗ‬(‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬y‫ﺮة‬‫اﻟﺬاﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫وان‬
‫ﺰن‬‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺗﻀ‬s‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬،‫اﻷﺻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺰن‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺐ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﻞ‬،‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫آي‬y‫وﻫﻲ‬10‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺎﺑﻖ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺜﺎل‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬،‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎن‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟ‬10‫ﺰن‬‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺰن‬‫ﺗﺨ‬s‫ﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬)‫ﻨﻮان‬‫اﻟﻌ‬(
120‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺮى‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟ‬x=*&y‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻓ‬x=y‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻷداﺗﻴ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫وﻫ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫وﻛﺄن‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻼن‬
‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎه‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻤ‬،‫اﻷداة‬ ‫أن‬*‫ﻟﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬&‫ﺄداة‬ ‫ﻛ‬AND‫ﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫دﻗ‬،‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫وﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ‬.
X=&y;
S=*x;

‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫أداة‬sizeof
‫ﺔ‬‫أﺣﺎدﻳ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺬه‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬(unary)،‫ﻴﺮات‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻮل‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫وﺗﺴ‬)‫ﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻳ‬(،
‫ﺎ‬‫أﻧﻮاﻋﻬ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺮات‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻮال‬‫أﻃ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻒ‬‫وﺗﺨ‬،‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫وﻟ‬‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻮل‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻠ‬
sizeof،‫ﻗﻮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬sizeof،‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬:
‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻮن‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬n‫ﺎوي‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬2‫ﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻳ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻮل‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬n‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬(int)‫ﻻن‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬2‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬،‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫وﻃﻮل‬4‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬:
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬z‫ﻫﻲ‬4‫ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬،‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬x‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬.
Int n;
N=sizeof (n);
Float x;
Z=sizeof (x);

‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬),(‫ﻛﺄداة‬The Comma Operator
‫ﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫وﻫ‬(binary)‫وﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻷداة‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻴﺮة‬‫اﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻷوﻟﻮﻳ‬ ‫ﺘﻞ‬‫وﺗﺤ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬:
Experssion1, Experssion2
‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬:
١-‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺮج‬)‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬(‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬.
٢-‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺮج‬‫ﺗﺴ‬)‫ﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬(‫ﻪ‬‫ﻛﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻛﻘ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬:
‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬b‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬2‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬)‫ﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫ﻳﺴ‬(،‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫وﺿ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬b‫ﻲ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮى‬‫اﻷﺧ‬)‫ﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳﻤﻴ‬(،‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺢ‬‫ﻓﺘﺼ‬
‫اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬(b+1)‫ﺗﺴﺎوي‬3‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻮن‬.
‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:
‫ﺎء‬‫إﻋﻄ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺜﺎل‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬b‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬8‫أوﻻ‬،‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺬ‬‫ﺗﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺜﺎﻧ‬،‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄ‬b
‫ﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫داﺧ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬(b-4)‫آي‬(8-4)،‫ﺎوي‬ ‫وﺗﺴ‬4،‫ﺬه‬ ‫وﻫ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻳﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺗﻌﻄ‬،‫ﻤﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘﺴ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬(12/b)‫آي‬(12/4)‫ﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﺢ‬‫ﻓﺘﺼ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬3،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬a.
A=(b=2,b+1);
B=8;
A=(b=b-4,12/b);

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺘ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:
‫ﺑﻴﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻮال‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﺰ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻮم‬،‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻢ‬a‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪدﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬.
‫ﻟـ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬C++
١.char‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫رﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬.
٢.int‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬.
٣.float‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬.
٤.double‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬.
٥.void‫ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬.
‫ﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬ ‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫أن‬،‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﻴﻔ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻬ‬ ‫ﺮورﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬c++
‫ﻴﺮات‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬‫ﻓﻼﺳ‬،‫ﺜﻼ‬‫ﻣ‬،‫ﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﺪاﻳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻧﻌﻠ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺘﺎج‬‫ﻧﺤ‬،‫اﻟﺪوال‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ‬ ‫أو‬
‫ﻴﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬ ‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻋ‬،‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻼل‬ ‫ﺧ‬،‫ﻮاع‬‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﻮء‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﻼن‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬:
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺨ‬c++‫ﻴﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫أن‬،‫ﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻬ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﻼن‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬:
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺒﺮ‬c++(C++ compiler)‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أن‬.
Int a;
Dim a as integer
Int a,b,x;
Float m,y;

‫اﻟﺜﻮ‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻜﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﺮﻣﻮز‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬ ‫أﻧ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﻴ‬
‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫رﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻮاﺑ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘ‬c++‫ﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫رﻣ‬ ‫ﻔﺮات‬ ‫ﺷ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺳﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪوﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺮات‬ ‫وﻫﺬه‬:
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺮة‬
8 ‫رﺟﻮع‬‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ "b"
13 ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬ "n"
9 ‫أﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ "t"
0 ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ "0"
13 ‫رﺟﻮع‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ "r"
11 ‫ﻋﻤﻮدي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ "v"
92 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻜﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ""
12 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ "/f"
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬١٠-١
‫اﻟﺸﻔﺮات‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻟﺒﻴﺎن‬،‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺧﺬ‬:
"first linen second line"
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨﺺ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻮ‬)‫ﺰي‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑ‬(‫ﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻄﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻴﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
First line
Second line
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫وﻣ‬،‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺗﻬ‬‫واﺳ‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬‫اﻟﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎت‬‫ﺗﻄﺒ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫أﻫ‬ ‫أن‬‫ﺎ‬،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻮص‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼ‬،‫ﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫واﻻﻫ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫وﻣ‬،‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺮاء‬ ‫إﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫اﻧ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎت‬‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬.

‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬++cComments
‫واﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬C++‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬:
‫ﺑﻴﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬،‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬C++:
‫ﺷﺮﻃﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬)‫ﻣﺎﺋﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻴﻦ‬(
‫ﻴﻖ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫وﺗﺴ‬،‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺑﺪاء‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎن‬‫ﻣﻜ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬،‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬،‫ﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬‫ﺗﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺟﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫وﻻ‬،‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬،‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﺎدﺗﺎ‬.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬:‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬:
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‬،‫ﻳﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬:
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﻻ‬/‫واﻟﻨﺠﻤﺔ‬*‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
١-‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬c++‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻫﻤﺎل‬،‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫أي‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﺬ‬،‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮرا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬.
٢-‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬،‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬identifier،‫ﻣﺤﺠﻮزة‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫أو‬keyword.
10 rem this is Islam
// this is Islam
//this is comment
*/an example on comment in c++ language/*
main() /* start your program/*
{
int x,y,z; //this line declares type of x,y,z
}

‫ﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻮال‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬++‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺒﻊ‬:
‫أﺑﺪا‬Ù‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬Ùvisualc++6.0
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬:
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫واﺿ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺨ‬File‫ﺛ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺨ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻢ‬
New‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬..
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬file‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬visual c++6.0
Run visual c++6.0

‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺒﻖ‬..
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫ﻧﻨﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ok

‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬..
‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫ﻧﻨﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬finish

‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫وﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫اﻵن‬..
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﺎر‬‫ﻧﺨ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ذﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬Build‫ﺘﺎر‬‫ﻧﺨ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬Execute .exe‫ﺮوع‬‫اﻟﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻖ‬‫ﻟﻴﻄ‬..
‫اﻟﺰر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺮ‬ ‫أو‬F5.

‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻌﺎ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬:
‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎص‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻪ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻮد‬‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻮن‬‫ﺗﻼﺣﻈ‬ ‫ﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻐﻴﺮ‬‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫أﻋﺰاﺋ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺎ‬‫ﻃ‬
C‫ﻴﺲ‬ ‫وﻟ‬ ‫اﻻم‬c++‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜ‬
Visual C++،‫ﺒﺎرة‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﻆ‬‫وﻧﻼﺣ‬Hello World!‫ﻴﺬ‬‫ﺗﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺔ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫وﻫ‬
‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬printf()‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬.

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬introduction
‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬‫واﻟﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺎل‬‫إدﺧ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬‫أﺳ‬ ‫ﺰء‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺬا‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻨﺎول‬‫ﻳﺘ‬،‫وﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺮاج‬‫إﺧ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬‫وأﺳ‬
‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻧ‬،‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﻃ‬
‫اﻟ‬‫ﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬.
‫ﻚ‬‫ﺑﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﻮدﻧ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺰة‬‫وﺟﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻣﺒﻨ‬ ‫دوال‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫أن‬
‫ﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬)input‫أو‬read(‫ﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮاج‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺧ‬ ‫أو‬)print(،‫ﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫وﻓ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻓ‬
C++،‫ﺮاج‬ ‫واﻹﺧ‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫اﻹدﺧ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗ‬،‫ﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﻴ‬،‫ﺪدا‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫واﻹدﺧ‬ ‫ﺮاج‬‫اﻹﺧ‬ ‫دوال‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺮا‬‫ﻛﺒ‬‫ﺎل‬،‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺮﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺚ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬،‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ‬
،‫ﻴﺮات‬‫واﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻴﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄ‬ ‫ﻮع‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣﺴ‬،‫ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﻤﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬،‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﻮرد‬ ‫وﺳﻮف‬
‫ﻟـ‬ ‫واﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوال‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬C++.
‫واﻹﺧﺮاج‬ ‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬
Input/output Techniques

‫واﻹﺧﺮاج‬ ‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬outputinput
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓ‬C++،‫ﻴﺎ‬‫واﻟﺮوﺗﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺪوال‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤﻦ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ت‬Iostream‫ﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
cout‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺧﺮاج‬cin‫اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮف‬ ‫وﺳﻮف‬ ‫ﻟﻺدﺧﺎل‬iostream.h
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬Iostream.h‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬:
io:‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬input/output‫واﻹﺧﺮاج‬ ‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫آي‬.
Stream:‫اﻟــﺦ‬ ‫واﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺧﺮاج‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬..
H:header file‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬ ‫آي‬.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬١:
‫أردت‬ ‫إذا‬‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬100‫ﻓﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:
Print 100
‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺆدي‬،‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬C++‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬:
‫ﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺆدي‬ ‫ﺗ‬100‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺣﻴ‬cout‫واﻷداة‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺮاج‬ ‫اﻹﺧ‬ ‫ﺪة‬ ‫وﺣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫اﺳ‬<<
‫ﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫إرﺳ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺆدي‬ ‫ﺗ‬100‫إﻟ‬‫ﺮاج‬ ‫اﻹﺧ‬ ‫ﺪة‬ ‫وﺣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬،‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫أن‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻹﺧﺮاج‬c.
#include “ stdafx.h”
#include “ iostream.h”
main ()
{
cout<<100;
return0;
}

‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬(
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٢:
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻞ‬:
‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة‬n‫إﻳﻌﺎ‬‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ز‬،‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬endl‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬n‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫وﻛﻤﺎ‬:
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ‬:
smoking is dangerous
main ()
{
cout<<“smoking is dangerous n”;;
return0;
}
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
main ()
{
cout<<“ smoking is dangerous”<<endl;
return0;
}

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٣:
‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎدة‬‫اﻹﻳﻌﺎز‬ ‫ت‬n‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬:‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻞ‬:
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬:
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬Ùmatrixmatrix
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬Ùmatrix
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬Ù‫ﻓﺎرغ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬Ùmatrix
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬Ù‫ﻓﺎرغ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬Ù‫ﻓﺎرغ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬:
١-‫ﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻻﻧ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫اﻧ‬matrix‫ﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻻﻧ‬ ‫ﺎز‬ ‫إﻳﻌ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫وﺟ‬n،‫ﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺮت‬ ‫ﻇﻬ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺬا‬ ‫وﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺴ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼ‬matrix‫ﻰ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟ‬،‫ﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﻨ‬
‫إﻳﻌﺎز‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬n.
٢-‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻳ‬)‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧ‬(،‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻻﻧ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻳ‬
‫ﺚ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺰا‬‫ﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﺮاﺑﻊ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬،‫اﻹﻳﻌﺎز‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫وذﻟ‬nn‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺎز‬‫إﻳﻌ‬n‫ﺪا‬ ‫واﺣ‬ ‫ﻄﺮا‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻄ‬ ‫ﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫وﻓ‬
‫ﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ‬،‫ﺎز‬ ‫اﻹﻳﻌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴ‬ ‫ﻮرا‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫إﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻻﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫وﻳ‬
nnn.
main ()
{
cout<<“matrix”;
cout<<“matrix n”;
cout<<“matrix nn”;
cout<<“matrix nnn”;
cout<<“matrix”;
return0;
}

‫اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٤:
‫اﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬446‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬:
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬:
446
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٥:
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬C++،‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬10.5:
‫ﻳ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻈﻬﺮ‬:
10.5
main ()
{
cout<<446;
return0;
}
main ()
{
cout<<10.5;
return0;
}

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٦:
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬ ‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬C++‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬:
100
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٧:
‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬:
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬:
4.25
main ()
{
int a=100;
cout<<a;
return0;
}
main ()
{
float x;
x=4.25
cout<<x;
return0;
}

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬٨:
‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠ‬ ‫إذا‬a‫ﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬،‫و‬x‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاردﻳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻴﻦ‬،‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬:
‫ﻃﻠﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫وﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬)‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬(،‫ﻫﻜﺬا‬:
100 4.25
main ()
{
int=100;
float x=4.25
cout<<a<<x;
return0;
}

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