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http://frontiermyanmar.net/en/no-mans-land
No man’s land
Wednesday, December 07, 2016
Hundreds of people live as squatters on a sliver of riverside land along
the Myanmar-Thai border that is notorious for lawlessness and drug
deals.
Words & Photos BRENNAN O'CONNOR | FRONTIER
WEDGED BETWEEN Myawaddy in Kayin State and the Thai town of Mae Sot is a large
squatters’ community known as “No Man’s Land” by locals, because neither Thailand nor
Myanmar show much interest in exerting control over the area.
Covering about 1.6 hectares along the border with Thailand, No Man’s Land is a narrow strip of
territory on the Moei River that is home to several hundred Myanmar people who, due mainly to
poverty, have found themselves living on the margins of the two countries.
Residents of nearby villages call the area No Man’s Land in English. In Myanmar it is called yei
le kyun, which means “The island on the middle river”. It is one of several such locations along
the border where residents, who are mainly from Myanmar, are victims of corruption,
exploitation and poverty.
A merchant from "No Man's Land" sells cigarettes to a Thai man standing on the
boundaries of the official Thai border. (Brennan O'Connor / Frontier)
Most of the residents of No Man’s Land support themselves as mobile food vendors, selling
Myanmar and Chinese cigarettes to Thais and foreign tourists, collecting recyclables and
begging.
The other main economic activity are the drug deals that have made No Man’s Land notorious
for lawlessness, especially after dark when the Thai soldiers who monitor the area have returned
to base.
Some nearby residents say a Myanmar Border Guard Force profits from the illicit activities at No
Man’s Land. Others say both Thai and Myanmar police receive bribes to ignore the drug deals
and other crime.
Although both Thailand and Myanmar claim jurisdiction over No Man’s Land, it is rare for Thai
police to set foot in the area.
Migrant workers from Myanmar queue up to receive travel and work documents on the
Thai side of the Friendship Bridge that connects the two countries
Myanmar sends police across the river every dry season to burn back the jungle around the
squatting community. Somehow, the squatters know in advance when this will happen and they
relocate temporarily and return after the burn-off is finished.
Evidence has emerged recently that the official non-involvement of Thai police in No Man’s
Land may be changing.
A migrant worker who requested anonymity has told Frontier of seeing a joint Thai-Myanmar
police raid on No Man’s Land in September that lasted several hours.
The worker, who lives in Mae Sot, saw the raid while returning to Thailand at one of the
unofficial border crossing points on the river near the squatting community.
He showed Frontier images of the raid taken with his cell phone while moored on the Myanmar
side of the river.
Thai soldiers conduct searches on migrant workers entering Thailand at Mae Sot from
Myawaddy in Myanmar at one of the unofficial crossing points along the border. (Brennan
O'Connor / Frontier)
A recent newcomer to No Man’s Land is 12-year-old Maung Kyaw Lin (not his real name), who
moved there to avoid being harassed by Myanmar police in nearby Myawaddy, where he was
living on the street.
“They would arrest us and beat us up,” he said.
Kyaw Lin moved from Bago Region to Myawaddy several years ago with his family, but his
father eloped to Bangkok with another woman, leaving the boy with his alcoholic mother.
Kyaw Lin started staying out all night with street children in Myawaddy. After his mother died,
he moved in with an aunt but returned to life on the street.
He said he was “happy” to be living at No Man’s Land.
“Here I can get sleep, get a meal and make money; I am free. No one checks me,” Kyaw Lin
said.
He said he makes between THB400 and THB500 (about K14,600 and K18,270) a day from
begging and helping to carry the bags of undocumented migrant workers entering Thailand at
one of the unofficial crossings. Kyaw Lin said he gives his earnings to a woman he calls his
“stepmother” though they are not related.
The boy claimed to be well fed at his new home, but the morning I met him he was hungry.
In October, the government announced a crackdown on criminal gangs in Yangon and Mandalay
that exploit children and the elderly by making them beg, the Irrawaddy reported.
Schoolchildren in Mae Sot watch on as a Thai soldier patrols close to the border. (Brennan
O'Connor / Frontier)
U Soe Kyi, spokesperson of the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, was quoted
as saying a plan was being prepared to arrest the gangs but he did not indicate if the crackdown
would be extended to border areas where the exploitation of children is common.
Asked if he wanted to go to school, Kyaw Lin, who is illiterate, said he did, but washing clothes,
fetching water and earning his daily keep did not leave much time for attending classes.
Some of the children at No Man’s Land had attended classes at the Agape Orphanage and
Boarding School, a migrant education school in Mae Sot. But that changed in 2013, when a
headmaster fled to Myanmar after being accused of raping some female students.
The new school management introduced a stricter registration process and the students from No
Man’s Land missed a deadline. They never returned to classes, said Daw Thinzar Oo, the
school’s head boarding instructor.
A collection of makeshift homes in 'No Man's Land'. (Brennan O'Connor / Frontier)
She said the former headmaster had badly wanted No Man’s Land children to have the
opportunity to learn and would pick them up from the border in his bus and return them at the
end of the day.
Thinzar Oo said it was sometimes difficult to convince parents that their children needed to
attend school because the priority of poor families was making enough money to survive.
“The parents don’t care about an education for their children because if they go to school they
can’t help support the family,” she said.
Sometimes parents send the youngest child to school because they typically generate the least
income for the family.
“They are different from the other children,” Thinzar Oo said, adding that they were more likely
to get into fights. But some were quite “clever” and they were usually better at mathematics than
other students, she said, alluding to their experience in buying and selling.
Thai soldiers conduct searches on migrant workers entering Thailand at Mae Sot from
Myawaddy in Myanmar at one of the unofficial crossing points along the border. (Brennan
O'Connor / Frontier)
Thinzar Oo said children as young as 11 from No Man’s Land had come to school under the
influence of drugs such as ya ba (methamphetamine). She suspected some of them had
consumed drugs given to them by their parents to sell.
In 2013, members of the Kaw Moo Ra Karen Youth Group launched a drug raid on No Man’s
Land. A Karen News report quoted the group’s chairperson, Saw Moses, as saying the raid was
sanctioned by the Border Guard Force and Myawaddy Township police and was for the good of
Kayin youth, many of whom had become addicts.
The group detained three suspects who were reportedly in possession of 5,000 ya ba tablets, 2.4
kilograms of marijuana, an M-16 assault rifle, three other guns, ammunition, and a home-made
grenade. The suspects were handed over to Myawaddy police.
After night falls in No Man’s Land, Kyaw Lin dares not venture outside his new home.
“Every night there is shouting and fighting,” he said, adding that his stepmother told him to
ignore the violence outside the house.
“I can’t sleep well; it’s very noisy,” Kyaw Lin said.
Tags:
 Thailand
 Mae Sot
 Myawaddy
 migration
 Kayin State
Mail
Brennan O'Connor
Brennan O’Connor is a freelance photographer and writer based in Southeast Asia, currently working on a photo
book documenting Burma’s border areas. The project has taken him around the region to photograph the numerous
rebels, refugees and migrants residing on both sides of the Dividing Lines.
http://frontiermyanmar.net/mm/news/4099
1. ထိုင္း-ျမ္ျမမန္ခမးာ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျ
ထိုင္း-ျမ္ျမမန္ခမးာ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျ
Friday, 17, 2017
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တရမးဥကယ္ေဒစိုးျိုးျႈ ျရရံိုျွျာ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းဆးး ယ္ေရမ
ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ယ္ေရမာ္ာမးရမ ယ္ေမရမေရစ္ျဖ္း တင္းယ္ောွမ္ာမးယ္ေမ ဖမ္ ထိုင္း-
ျမ္ျမမန္စက္တစ္ယ္ေျွမာ္ရ ယ္ေငးယ္ေရမင္ျာ္ယ္ေမယ္ေ မ ျစ္ာျ္းမရ္းတးင္ ျ္ရမယ္ေကး
ျ္ရမယ္ေကးင္းျွမးစးမ တရမးျဆင္ ာွ းယ္ောွမ္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ျွာ္ရာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ ယ္ေရး မး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ာရင္ကဖ္မန္္ ျဆတဝတျမိမငမ္ ထိုင္းငိုင္ငံ္ ျူယ္ေ မာ္တျမိောမးတးင္ ာက္ာက္ဖက္ဖက္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ယ္ေမ
ယ္ေမထိုင္ယ္ေမာ ဖမ္ယ္ေမရမျမ ယ္ေဒ ခံျွမးောမးတးင္ “ကိုင္ ္ျူမ မန္ယ္ေျ” (No Man’s land) ေရစ္
ျ္ ျွမးယ္ေ မ ာွ းယ္ောွမ္ရက္ားာ္ႀာဝးတစ္ခိုကင္ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုင္းငငမ္ ျမ္ျမ ငစ္ငိုင္ငံျံိုးာ
ငစ္ငိုင္ငံျံိုးာ ထိုယ္ေမရမာို ထမ္းခွမက္ရမ္ မ မ စတ္ကးဆင္စမးျႈျရျႈာို က ထမးယ္ေ မယ္ောမ
က ထမးယ္ေ မယ္ောမငမ္ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျေရစ္ ျ္ ျွမးရခင္းျဖ္း ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ထိုင္းမန္စက္တစ္ယ္ေျွမာ္ ္ ဒ ျ မ ၆ာ္တမ ောွန္ေဆမ္းာို ျုျ္းတခံမထမး ဖမ္ ကိုင္ ္
ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျျမ ယ္ေ မင္ရင္းျစ္ယ္ေကျတးင္တဖ္ရ ဖမ္ းန္ျွာွဥ္းယ္ေျမင္းယ္ေ မ မန္မျတ္တစ္ခို
မန္မျတ္တစ္ခိုရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ေအာေမးရငမ္ င္းရူျူးယ္ေတျ ဖမ္ ျမ္ျမမိုင္ငံ မး ရမယ္ေကးင္းျွမး
ရမယ္ေကးင္းျွမးစးမေတးာ္ ငစ္ငိုင္ငံ မန္မျတ္ျွဥ္းယ္ေကျျ ခိုျႈံရမ ယ္ေမရမယ္ေျးတခို ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ဤယ္ေမရမေမး ေမဝးတဆိုာ္ျ ရးမခံျွမးာ ေလိျက္ဘမ မရငမ္ No Man’s Land ၆ို ယ္ေချ ိုယ္ေမာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ျမ္ျမ
ျမ္ျမဘမ မရငမ္ ယ္ေရျဖ္ာလးမ္း၆ို ယ္ေချ ိုာခင္းရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ မန္စက္တစ္ယ္ေျွမာ္ရ ထိုာူမ ို
ထိုာူမ ို႔ယ္ေ မ ယ္ေမရမေျွမးေကမးေမာ္ တစ္ခိုရစ္တကဝး ယ္ေမထိုိုင္ ္ေျွမးစိုျမ ျမ္ျမငိုင္ငံ မးျွမး ရစ္ာ
ရစ္ာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ တို႔ျမ ောွငမ္ကွာ္ခစမးျႈ္ ေျတ္ထိုတ္ လိုတ္ယ္ေ းးစိုတ္ျႈမငမ္ င္းရူ
င္းရူျးူယ္ေတျႈဒႈ္ျွမးာို ေျွမး ံိုး ခံစမးခူမာရ ္ မးယ္ောမင္ျွမးကင္ ရစ္ာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ကိုင္ ္ျူမာလးမ္းယ္ေကျတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ ္ေခွမိာ မန္ခမးျွဥ္းယ္ေကျတးင္ စဝးာရာ္
စဝးာရာ္ယ္ေရမင္းခွခင္းရငမ္ ေ ာ္ယ္ေျးးာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ
ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ာ ္ေျွမးစိုျမ ယ္ေရးိျွမး ယ္ေခးင္းရးာ္ ွာ္ထိုး ယ္ေစွး ဖ္ျွမး
ယ္ေစွး ဖ္ျွမးေရစ္ ေ ာ္ယ္ေျးးာတကဝး ထိုင္းငငမ္ ငိုင္ငံခမး မး ာျျမျဖမ္ခရဝး းမးျွမးထံ ျမ္ျမငငမ္ တ ို
ျမ္ျမငငမ္ တ ိုတ္ငိုင္ငံထိုတ္ စဝးာရာ္ျွမး ယ္ေရမင္းခွခင္း္ ကမ္ျဖ္ေ ံိုးကမငိုင္ယ္ေ မ စးမ္႔ကစ္ကစသဖ္းျွမး
စးမ္႔ကစ္ကစသဖ္းျွမး ယ္ောမာ္န္ စိုယ္ေ မင္းခင္းငငမ္ ယ္ေတမင္းရျ္းစမးယ္ေ မာ္ ္ျွမးျဖ္း ရာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
တို႔၏ ေခမးယ္ေ မ ေအာစဝးကးမးယ္ေရးျိုက္ငမ္းတစ္ခိုျမျ္ ကိုိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျေမး တရမးဥကယ္ေဒျူမ မန္ယ္ေျ၆္
မန္ယ္ေျ၆္ယ္ေ မ ေျဖ္ ိုးရငမ္ယ္ောွမ္ာမးယ္ေစ ဖမ္ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းဆးး ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ယ္ေရမာ္ာမး
ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ယ္ေရမာ္ာမးျႈကင္ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ေထ္း ရငမ္ ေယ္ေျမင္ထို ရံိုးျုျ္း းမးယ္ေ မေခး ထိုယ္ေမရမာို
ထိုယ္ေမရမာို ယ္ေစမငမ္ာက္ယ္ေမာ ဖမ္ ထိုင္းစစ္ မးျွမး စခမ္း ို႔ ကမ္ းမးာခွမ္ာ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ျမ္ျမမန္ခမးယ္ေစမငမ္တက္ျွမးာျဖ္း ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျရ တရမးျဆင္ ျိုက္ာို
ျိုက္ာိုင္ယ္ေ မင္ရးာ္ျႈျွမးျ ောွမးေျတ္ ရရယ္ေမ ဖ္၆ို ေမဝးတစ္ဆိုာ္ရ ယ္ေဒ ခံျွမးာ ယ္ေကမ ို
ယ္ေကမ ိုာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ေခမး ္ျွမးာျ္ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းဆးး ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ျႈမငမ္ ေခမးကစ္ျႈျွမးာို ျွာ္ားန္
ျွာ္ားန္ကမရမ္ေတးာ္ ထိုင္းငငမ္ ျမ္ျမ ငစ္ငိုင္ငံျံိုးျ ရူတက္ရူးိဆင္ျွမးာ ျမဘ္စမးယ္ေမာ ဖ္၆ို
ျမဘ္စမးယ္ေမာ ဖ္၆ို ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျေမး တို႔ ေိုက္ခွမက္ခးငမ္ရ ဖ္၆ို ထိုင္းငငမ္ ျမ္ျမ ငစ္ရာ္ျံိုးာ ိုာယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း
ိုာယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ထိုယ္ေဒ ို႔ ထိုင္းရူျွမး ယ္ေခခွ ဖ္ျမ ေျးမ္ရမးကးးျ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
မန္စက္ရတ္ာမ ထိုင္းငိုင္ငံတးင္ းမးယ္ေရမာ္ေျိုက္ျိုက္ာျဖမ္ ျမ္ျမငိုင္ငံ မးျွမး ခွစ္ာဖ္ယ္ေရး
ခွစ္ာဖ္ယ္ေရးတံတမးယ္ေကျတးင္ ယ္ေစမငမ္ ိုင္းယ္ေမာစဥ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ
ယ္ေငးရမ ဝ ယ္ေရမာ္ရျမယ္ေ မေခးတးင္ ာွ းယ္ောွမ္ ္ျွမး စိုယ္ေဆးယ္ေမထိုင္ရမယ္ေမရမျွမး ေမဝးတဆိုာ္ရ ခွမံငးန္ကတ္
ခွမံငးန္ကတ္ယ္ေကးင္းျွမးာို ျဝး ႈိရမ္ေတးာ္ ျမ္ျမငိုင္ငံဘာ္ာ ရူတက္ရူးိဆင္ျွမးာို ျစ္ျဖ္ယ္ေခး
ျစ္ျဖ္ယ္ေခးင္ ို႔ ယ္ေစျုတ္ယ္ေျမရ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ို႔ယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ရူျွမး ျမယ္ေရမာ္ျဝး ႈိျဖ္ာို တစ္မဖ္းမ
တစ္မဖ္းမဖ္းရငမ္ ႀာမတင္ ရယ္ေမ ဖမ္ေျမး ထိုယ္ေမရမတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ ္ျွမးျမ ေခမးယ္ေမရမ
ေခမးယ္ေမရမ ို႔ နမနဝယ္ေကမင္းယ္ေရုိ ယ္ေမထိုင္ာတကဝး ျဝးရႈိိုတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္တးင္ျ ကမ္ျဖ္ ျမယ္ေရမာ္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ာယ္ေ
ယ္ေမထိုင္ာယ္ေျမရ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ျတ္တယ္ေျမ ထးာ္ယ္ေကျျမယ္ေ မ ာ္ယ္ေ ေယ္ေထမာ္ေထမးျွမးေရ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျငငမ္ ကတ္ ာ္တ
ကတ္ ာ္တကဝး ထိုင္းရူတက္ရူးိဆင္ျွမးာ တရမးဆင္ ကတ္ ာ္ျႈျရယ္ေ မ ေခေယ္ေမျမ ယ္ေကမင္
ယ္ေကမင္းျူငိုင္ရးန္ရယ္ေမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
တကဝးခူမ ဖမ္ စာ္တင္ဘမျေတးင္းာ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ထိုင္းငငမ္ ျမ္ျမ ရူတက္ရးူ႔
ရူတက္ရးူ႔ဆင္ျွမးက္းယ္ေကးင္းာမ မမရဝေယ္ေတမ္ာမ ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္စဝးမင္း ရမယ္ေရးခူမ ဖ္၆ို ေျဖ္ျယ္ေ
ေျဖ္ျယ္ေရမ္ကျို ဖမ္ ယ္ေရုိယ္ေကမင္းေျိုက္ ျမးတစ္မးာ Frontier ာို ယ္ေကမာမးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ျူယ္ေ မာ္တးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ ဖမ္ ထိုေျိုက္ ျမးာ ာွ းယ္ောွမ္ရက္ားာ္ေမဝးရ တရမးျဆင္ မန္စက္
မန္စက္ ရတ္ယ္ောွမ္လတ္ာ ထိုင္းဘာ္ ို႔ ကမ္ျဖမ္ေခွမ္တးင္ ထိုစဝးမင္းရမယ္ေရးျႈာို ယ္ေတးိရခူမခင္း ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ျမ္ျမဘာ္ာျ္းျ ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ရယ္ေမစဥ္ေတးင္း ၏ ျိုဘိုင္းရိုမ္းရငမ္ ိုာ္ာ္းထမး ဖမ္ ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္ စဝး
ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္ စဝးမင္းယ္ေမယ္ေ မ အမတ္ကံိုျွမးေမး ေျိုက္ ျမးာ Frontier ာို ထိုတ္ကခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
မန္စက္ေမး တရမးျဆင္ရတ္ယ္ောွမ္ ဖမ္ယ္ေမရမတစ္ခိုတးင္ ထိုင္းစစ္ မးျွမးာ ရမယ္ေရးယ္ေမာစဥ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-
ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ
ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျ ို႔ ျတ္တယ္ေျမ ယ္ေရမာ္ရျမ ္ျမ ယ္ေမထိုင္ရမ ျဆတဝတျမိေမဝးတစ္ဆိုာ္တးင္ ျမ္ျမ
ျမ္ျမရူျွမး၏ ဒိုာကယ္ေကး ယ္ေငမာ္နာ္ျႈျ ယ္ေရမင္ရမးရမ္ ယ္ေရုိယ္ေကမင္းျမ ဖမ္ ေ ာ္ ္ည ငစ္ေရးန္ ယ္ေျမ
ငစ္ေရးန္ ယ္ေျမင္ယ္ောွမ္ျင္း (ေျဖ္ေရင္း ျ၆ိုတ္) ကင္ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
“ ္တို႔ာ ာလးမ္ယ္ေတမ္တို႔ာို ရျ္း ဝးတကဝး ရိုာ္ငာ္ာျျမ္ျန္” ၆ို ာ ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ယ္ောွမ္ျင္း ဖ္ ္၏ ျ မးစိုငငမ္ေတ္ ကူခ္းတိုင္းယ္ေဒ ႀာဝးျ ျဆတဝ ို႔ ျးမ္ခူမယ္ေ မ မစ္ေမဖ္းင
မစ္ေမဖ္းငန္ာ ယ္ေကမင္းယ္ေရုိ ယ္ေမထိုင္ခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ို႔ယ္ေ မ္ ရခင္ရစ္ ္ျမ ေခမးေျွမး
ေခမးေျွမး ျဝးတစ္မးေမး ဘမ္ယ္ောမာ္ ို႔ ခိုးယ္ေကး းမးတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္ ေရာ္စးူ
ေရာ္စးူယ္ေမယ္ေ မျခင္ငငမ္ေတ္ ္ မ ာွမ္ရစ္ခူမယ္ေျ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းျမ ျဆတဝရ ယ္ေျျးငမ္ာယ္ေျး
ယ္ေျျးငမ္ာယ္ေျးငန္ျွမးမငမ္ေတ္ ဖျံိုးယ္ေကးာ္ ယ္ေမထိုင္တတ္ျမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ္၏ျခင္ ံိုးကးး းမး
ံိုးကးး းမးတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္ ေယ္ေဒျငငမ္ေတ္ းမးယ္ေရမာ္ယ္ေမထိုင္ခူမယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ျာမျဝတးင္ ယ္ေျျးငမ္ာယ္ေျးင
ယ္ေျျးငမ္ာယ္ေျးငန္ဘဆ ို႔ ကမ္ျဖ္ ယ္ေရမာ္ရျမခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ရခင္းျမ ယ္ေကွမ္ရုင္စရမ ယ္ောမင္း ဖ္၆ို ္ာယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
“ာလးမ္ယ္ေတမမ္ေတးာ္ ဒဝယ္ေမရမျမ ေက္ငိုင္္ စမးငိုင္္ ကိုာ္ ံရမငိုင္တန္ိၾကသည္။ ျးတ္ျက္တန္ိၾကသည္။ ဘန္ ္ျ ာလး
ဘန္ ္ျ ာလးမ္ယ္ေတမမ္ာို ျမျစစ္ရ္း” ၆ိုျဖ္း ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ယ္ေတမင္းရျ္းခင္းေကင္ တရမးျဆင္ မန္စက္လတ္ျတစ္ ငမ္ ထိုင္းငိုင္ငံ ို႔ ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္ျဖမ္ ျတ္ကံိုတင္ျူမ
ျတ္ကံိုတင္ျူမ ျမ္ျမယ္ေရုိယ္ေကမင္းျိုက္ မးျွမး၏ ေတ္ျွမးာို ာ္ဖဝ
ာ္ဖဝ န္ယ္ေ မင္ယ္ေကးခင္းေမးရငမ္ တစ္ယ္ေမ႔ျ ွင္ ထိုင္းဘတ္ယ္ေငး ုငင ျ ေငင (ာွက္ ္ု၀မငင ျ ္
္ု၀မငင ျ ္၈၀ည၇င) ာမး ဆင္ယ္ေငး ရရယ္ေမ ဖ္၆ို ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ိၾကသည္။ ္ရရ ဖမ္ ဆင္ယ္ေငးျွမး
ဆင္ယ္ေငးျွမးေမး ္ငငမ္ ယ္ေ းး မးယ္ေတမ္စက္ခင္းျရယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ္၏ျယ္ေထးး၆ို ို ဖမ္ ေျွမး ျဝးတစ္မး
ေျွမး ျဝးတစ္မးထံ ယ္ေကးေက္ရ ဖ္၆ို ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
မန္စက္ေမဝး ျူယ္ေ မာ္တျမိတးင္ ာင္းျဖမ္ယ္ေမာ ဖမ္ ထိုင္းစစ္ မးျွမးေမး ာယ္ေျးငန္ျွမးာ ာဖမ္ ႈ
ာဖမ္ ႈယ္ေမာစဥ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ
ယ္ေမရမ စ္တးင္ ယ္ောမင္းျးမ္စးမ စမး မာ္ရ ဖ္၆ို ္ာ ယ္ေကမယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ္႔ငငမ္ ယ္ေတး႔ ံိုခူမ ဖမ
ယ္ေတး႔ ံိုခူမ ဖမ္ မံမာ္ခင္းေခွမ္တးင္ကင္ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းျမ မယ္ေျမင္ျးတ္ က္ယ္ေမ ဖ္ာို ယ္ေတး႔ရ တ
ယ္ေတး႔ရ တထမးျခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
စမျတတ္ ဖမ္ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းေမး ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ခွင္ ျမး၆ို ယ္ေျးျမ္းာဖမ္ ဖမ္ေခး ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ခွင္
ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ခွင္ယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ေဆတ္ယ္ေျွမ္ခင္း္ ယ္ေရခက္ခင္းျွမးငငမ္ ယ္ေမ႔စဥ္ဆင္ယ္ေငးေတးာ္
ယ္ေမ႔စဥ္ဆင္ယ္ေငးေတးာ္ ရမယ္ေရးရခင္းျွမးယ္ောမငမ္ ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ရမ္ ေခွမ္ယ္ေျမာ္ငစးမ ျရ၆ို ္ာ ကမ္ျဖ္
္ာ ကမ္ျဖ္ယ္ေရာမးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျရ ာယ္ေျးေခွမိ ဖ္ ယ္ေရုိယ္ေကမင္းေျိုက္ ျမးျွမးေတးာ္ ျူယ္ေ မာ္ာ ရးငမ္ျ
ရးငမ္ျစ္ထမးယ္ေ မ Agape ျဘျူမယ္ေလ၆မမငမ္ ယ္ေဘမ္ဒးယ္ောွမင္းတးင္ ကဖမ င္န္ခူမာရ္း ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ို႔ရမ
ို႔ရမတးင္ ယ္ောွမင္း ္ေခွမိာို ေအျဓကမာွငမ္ ဖ္၆္ယ္ေ မ စးက္စးူခွာ္ယ္ောမငမ္ ထိုယ္ောွမင္း၏ ယ္ောွမင္းေိုက္
ယ္ောွမင္းေိုက္ရစ္ ္ျမ ျမ္ျမငိုင္ငံဘာ္ ို႔ ညင္ု ခိုငစ္တးင္ ထးာ္ယ္ေကးျမခူမတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္ ေယ္ေခေယ္ေမျွမး
ေယ္ေခေယ္ေမျွမးျဖ္း ယ္ေကမင္းျူ းမးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ယ္ောွမင္းစဝျံခမ္႔ခူးယ္ေရး ေရူးိ စ္ာ ကိုျိုတင္း
ကိုျိုတင္းာက္ယ္ေ မ ယ္ောွမင္းေက္ငံယ္ေရးျိုက္ငမ္းစဥ္ာို စတင္ခူမရမ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျျ ယ္ောွမင္း ္္ ယ္ောွမ
ယ္ောွမင္း ္္ ယ္ောွမင္း မးျွမးျမ ယ္ောွမင္းေက္ငံယ္ေရး ယ္ေမမာ္ ံိုးရာ္မငမ္ ျးူယ္ေခွမ္ းမးခူမရ
ျးူယ္ေခွမ္ းမးခူမရ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုေခွမ္ျစတင္တကဝး ယ္ောွမင္းစမ င္ခမ္းျွမး ဝ ို႔ တို႔ ကမ္ျမခင္း ျရယ္ေတမမ၆ို
ျရယ္ေတမမ၆ို ယ္ောွမင္းေယ္ေ မင္ မဖ္းကရစ္ ္ ယ္ေဒျ ဥမမးာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
နခင္ ယ္ောွမင္းေိုက္ယ္ေ၆မင္း ဖ္ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျျ ာယ္ေျးျွမး ကဖမ င္ာမးခးငမ္ရရယ္ေရးာို ေျးမ္ျို
ေျးမ္ျိုျမး ္ရစ္တကဝး ၏ ဘတ္စ္ာမးရငမ္ကင္ မန္စက္ျ ယ္ောွမင္းေႀာမ္ ေကို႔ ျိုက္ယ္ေကး
ျိုက္ယ္ေကးခူမ ဖ္၆ိုျဖ္း ာ ယ္ေကမာမး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျ၏ ျင္ားင္းိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ
င္းရူငးျ္းကးးယ္ေ မ ျ မးစိုျွမးေတးာ္ျမျ္ တို႔ ရင္ မ္ရက္တဖ္ယ္ေရးေတးာ္ ဆင္ယ္ေငး
ဆင္ယ္ေငးျံိုယ္ေျမာ္စးမ ရမယ္ေရးခင္းာို မ မးစမးယ္ေကးယ္ေမရ ဖမ္ေတးာ္ ာယ္ေျးျွမးေမး ယ္ောွမင္းထမးယ္ေစ
ယ္ောွမင္းထမးယ္ေစရမ္ ျဘျွမးာို ျ္း းင္းယ္ေကမ ိုရ ဖ္ျမ တခးတရံတးင္ ခာ္ခူ ဖ္၆ို ယ္ေဒျ ဥမမး
ယ္ေဒျ ဥမမးာ ယ္ေကမာမး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
“ာယ္ေျးယ္ေတး ယ္ောွမင္း းမးျန္ ိုရင္ ္တို႔ာ ျ မးစိုေတးာ္ ျာ္ဖဝယ္ေကးငိုင္ယ္ေတမမတူမေတးာ္ ျဘယ္ေတးာ
ျဘယ္ေတးာ ္တို႔ ာယ္ေျးယ္ေတးရူိ ကဖမယ္ေရးာို လ ိုျစိုာ္ာယ္ေတမမဘ္း” ၆ို ာ ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ရံရမ္ရံခးတးင္ျ္ ျဘျွမးာ ေငန္ ံိုးာယ္ေျးာို မ ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ယ္ေစခူမာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုာယ္ေ
ထိုာယ္ေျးျွမးျမ ျ မစိုေတးာ္ ဆင္ယ္ေငးေမဖ္း ံိုး ရမယ္ေရးယ္ေကး ္ျွမး ရစ္ယ္ေမခင္းယ္ောမငမ္ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
“ ္တို႔ယ္ေတးာ ေခမးာယ္ေျးယ္ေတးမူ႔ ျတ္ကးဘ္း” ၆ို ယ္ေဒျ ဥမမးာ ယ္ေကမာမး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ တို႔ာ ထိုး
ထိုးႀာတ္ တ္ကိုတ္ရမ္ ေျမးေျမကိုျွမး ္ျွမး ရစ္ ဖ္၆ိုျဖ္း ာ ရဖမ
ရဖမ္စးာ္ယ္ေကမာမးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ို႔ယ္ေ မ္ ေခွမိယ္ောွမင္း မးျွမးျမ ေျးမ္တရမ ဥမႈ္ရဖ္ထ
ဥမႈ္ရဖ္ထာ္ျာ္ာတကဝး ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ယ္ေရမာ္ာမးရ္းယ္ေ မ တို႔၏ ဘဆေယ္ေတး
ဘဆေယ္ေတးိေႀာံမယ္ောမငမ္ ေခမးယ္ောွမင္း မးျွမးထာ္ ခွမိဘမ မရက္တးင္ ကိုယ္ေတမ
ကိုယ္ေတမ္ာ ဖ္၆ိုျဖ္း ာ ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ထိုင္းငိုင္ငံ ို႔ ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္ျမ ္ျွမးေမး မန္စက္လတ္တးင္ ထိုင္းစစ္ မးျွမးာ ရမယ္ေရးယ္ေမစဥ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-
ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ
ယ္ေဒျ ဥဥမမး၏ ေ ိုေရ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျျ ေ ာ္ ္္ ငစ္ေရးန္ခမ္႔ မ ရယ္ေ းယ္ေ မ ာယ္ေျးငန္ျွမး
ာယ္ေျးငန္ျွမး ဖ္ ရမဘာူမ ို႔ယ္ေ မ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းဆးးျွမး၏ ျုျ္ျိုးျႈယ္ေေမာ္တးင္ ရယ္ေမ ဖမ္ ေယ္ေခေယ္ေ
ေယ္ေခေယ္ေမျွမးျ ယ္ောွမင္း ို႔ ယ္ေရမာ္ျမခူမာရ္း ဖ္၆ို ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ တို႔ျဘျွမးာ ယ္ေရမင္းခွရမ္ တို႔ာို
တို႔ာို ယ္ေကးထမးယ္ေ မ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းျွမးာို ေခွမိာ ံိုးစူးခူမာ ဖ္၆ိုျဖ္း ယ္ေဒျ ဥဥမမး
ယ္ေဒျ ဥဥမမးာ ံ နရစ္ျခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ညင္ု ခိုမစ္တးင္ ယ္ောမ္ျ္ရမ ာရင္ျ္ငန္ေရးူိဆင္ျွမးာ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ း မျ္မ
မျ္မင္းယ္ေရးေတးာ္ စတင္ယ္ေ မင္ရးာ္ခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုငျ္မင္းယ္ေရးေမး မန္ခမးယ္ေစမငမ္တက္မငမ္ ျဆတဝတျမိရူ
ျဆတဝတျမိရူတက္ရးူိတို႔ာ ခးငမ္ကမခူမတကဝး ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းစးူယ္ေမ ဖမ္ ာရင္ျ္ငန္ျွမးေတးာ္ ယ္ောမင္းျး
ယ္ောမင္းျးမ္ကး ဖ္၆ို ဤေရးူ႔ဥာဥက ယ္ေစမျိုးိာ္၏ ယ္ေကမာမးျႈာို ာိုးာမးာမ ာရင္
ာရင္ တင္းတစ္ကိုဒ္တးင္ ယ္ေရမ္ကထမး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ရမဘယ္ေ းကမး ေ၀ငငင္ ယ္ေ းယ္ေခမာ္ ည ဒ ျ ု ာဝျိုလရျ္္ ေျ္-္မ ရိုင္ရန္ တစ္ျာ္္ ေခမး
ေခမးယ္ေ မတ္ ံိုးျာ္္ ခူနျ္းျွမးမငမ္ ျာ္ျိုက္ ံိုးတစ္ျံိုးာို ျာ္ဆန္ကို
ျာ္ဆန္ကိုင္ ိုင္ ဖ္၆ို ို ဖမ္ ံ နရရးန္ ျ္ ံိုးမးေမး ေရးူ႔ာ ရျ္းခွမက္ခူမတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္ ျဆတဝရူ
ျဆတဝရူကမမ ို႔ ျုူယ္ေကမင္းယ္ေကးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ ဖမ္ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္း ဖ္ ဖေခွမ္ယ္ေရမာ္ျမတကဝ ိုကးာ ေျ္ေကင္ဘ
ေျ္ေကင္ဘာ္ ို႔ စးမ္႔စမး းမးျမဆံမခင္း ျရယ္ေကိၾကသည္။
“ဖတိုင္းျိုျို ယ္ေေမ္၆စ္ယ္ေကမ ိုတမယ္ေတး္ တိုာ္ခိုာ္တမယ္ေတး ရယ္ေမကးတန္” ၆ို ာ ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ၏
ျယ္ေထးးာျဖ္း ေျ္ေကင္ဘာ္ရ ောျ္းရာ္ျႈျွမးာို ျစ္ျွ ႈထမးရမ္ ာို ယ္ေကမ
ယ္ေကမာမးထမး ဖ္၆ို ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
“ယ္ောမင္းယ္ောမင္း ေက္ျို႔ျရဘ္းိၾကသည္။ ေရျ္း ္ဖံယ္ေမတန္” ၆ိုယ္ောွမ္ျင္းာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
ယ္ေေမင္ျင္း ဘမ မကမ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
Tags:
 ထိုင္း
 မန္စက္ယ္ေဒ
 ျဆတဝ
 ျူယ္ေ မာ္

Brennan O'Connor
 Brennan O’Connor is a freelance photographer and writer based in Southeast Asia, currently
working on a photo book documenting Burma’s border areas. The project has taken him around
the region to photograph the numerous rebels, refugees and migrants residing on both sides of
the Dividing Lines.

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No man’s land -by Brennan o’connor-ထိုင္း-ျမန္မာနယ္ျခားက ပိုင္သူမဲ့နယ္ေျမ-အာင္မင္း ဘာသာျပန္သည္

  • 1. http://frontiermyanmar.net/en/no-mans-land No man’s land Wednesday, December 07, 2016 Hundreds of people live as squatters on a sliver of riverside land along the Myanmar-Thai border that is notorious for lawlessness and drug deals. Words & Photos BRENNAN O'CONNOR | FRONTIER WEDGED BETWEEN Myawaddy in Kayin State and the Thai town of Mae Sot is a large squatters’ community known as “No Man’s Land” by locals, because neither Thailand nor Myanmar show much interest in exerting control over the area. Covering about 1.6 hectares along the border with Thailand, No Man’s Land is a narrow strip of territory on the Moei River that is home to several hundred Myanmar people who, due mainly to poverty, have found themselves living on the margins of the two countries. Residents of nearby villages call the area No Man’s Land in English. In Myanmar it is called yei le kyun, which means “The island on the middle river”. It is one of several such locations along the border where residents, who are mainly from Myanmar, are victims of corruption, exploitation and poverty.
  • 2. A merchant from "No Man's Land" sells cigarettes to a Thai man standing on the boundaries of the official Thai border. (Brennan O'Connor / Frontier) Most of the residents of No Man’s Land support themselves as mobile food vendors, selling Myanmar and Chinese cigarettes to Thais and foreign tourists, collecting recyclables and begging.
  • 3. The other main economic activity are the drug deals that have made No Man’s Land notorious for lawlessness, especially after dark when the Thai soldiers who monitor the area have returned to base. Some nearby residents say a Myanmar Border Guard Force profits from the illicit activities at No Man’s Land. Others say both Thai and Myanmar police receive bribes to ignore the drug deals and other crime. Although both Thailand and Myanmar claim jurisdiction over No Man’s Land, it is rare for Thai police to set foot in the area.
  • 4. Migrant workers from Myanmar queue up to receive travel and work documents on the Thai side of the Friendship Bridge that connects the two countries Myanmar sends police across the river every dry season to burn back the jungle around the squatting community. Somehow, the squatters know in advance when this will happen and they relocate temporarily and return after the burn-off is finished.
  • 5. Evidence has emerged recently that the official non-involvement of Thai police in No Man’s Land may be changing. A migrant worker who requested anonymity has told Frontier of seeing a joint Thai-Myanmar police raid on No Man’s Land in September that lasted several hours. The worker, who lives in Mae Sot, saw the raid while returning to Thailand at one of the unofficial border crossing points on the river near the squatting community. He showed Frontier images of the raid taken with his cell phone while moored on the Myanmar side of the river.
  • 6. Thai soldiers conduct searches on migrant workers entering Thailand at Mae Sot from Myawaddy in Myanmar at one of the unofficial crossing points along the border. (Brennan O'Connor / Frontier) A recent newcomer to No Man’s Land is 12-year-old Maung Kyaw Lin (not his real name), who moved there to avoid being harassed by Myanmar police in nearby Myawaddy, where he was living on the street.
  • 7. “They would arrest us and beat us up,” he said. Kyaw Lin moved from Bago Region to Myawaddy several years ago with his family, but his father eloped to Bangkok with another woman, leaving the boy with his alcoholic mother. Kyaw Lin started staying out all night with street children in Myawaddy. After his mother died, he moved in with an aunt but returned to life on the street. He said he was “happy” to be living at No Man’s Land. “Here I can get sleep, get a meal and make money; I am free. No one checks me,” Kyaw Lin said. He said he makes between THB400 and THB500 (about K14,600 and K18,270) a day from begging and helping to carry the bags of undocumented migrant workers entering Thailand at one of the unofficial crossings. Kyaw Lin said he gives his earnings to a woman he calls his “stepmother” though they are not related. The boy claimed to be well fed at his new home, but the morning I met him he was hungry. In October, the government announced a crackdown on criminal gangs in Yangon and Mandalay that exploit children and the elderly by making them beg, the Irrawaddy reported.
  • 8. Schoolchildren in Mae Sot watch on as a Thai soldier patrols close to the border. (Brennan O'Connor / Frontier) U Soe Kyi, spokesperson of the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement, was quoted as saying a plan was being prepared to arrest the gangs but he did not indicate if the crackdown would be extended to border areas where the exploitation of children is common.
  • 9. Asked if he wanted to go to school, Kyaw Lin, who is illiterate, said he did, but washing clothes, fetching water and earning his daily keep did not leave much time for attending classes. Some of the children at No Man’s Land had attended classes at the Agape Orphanage and Boarding School, a migrant education school in Mae Sot. But that changed in 2013, when a headmaster fled to Myanmar after being accused of raping some female students. The new school management introduced a stricter registration process and the students from No Man’s Land missed a deadline. They never returned to classes, said Daw Thinzar Oo, the school’s head boarding instructor.
  • 10. A collection of makeshift homes in 'No Man's Land'. (Brennan O'Connor / Frontier) She said the former headmaster had badly wanted No Man’s Land children to have the opportunity to learn and would pick them up from the border in his bus and return them at the end of the day.
  • 11. Thinzar Oo said it was sometimes difficult to convince parents that their children needed to attend school because the priority of poor families was making enough money to survive. “The parents don’t care about an education for their children because if they go to school they can’t help support the family,” she said. Sometimes parents send the youngest child to school because they typically generate the least income for the family. “They are different from the other children,” Thinzar Oo said, adding that they were more likely to get into fights. But some were quite “clever” and they were usually better at mathematics than other students, she said, alluding to their experience in buying and selling.
  • 12. Thai soldiers conduct searches on migrant workers entering Thailand at Mae Sot from Myawaddy in Myanmar at one of the unofficial crossing points along the border. (Brennan O'Connor / Frontier) Thinzar Oo said children as young as 11 from No Man’s Land had come to school under the influence of drugs such as ya ba (methamphetamine). She suspected some of them had consumed drugs given to them by their parents to sell.
  • 13. In 2013, members of the Kaw Moo Ra Karen Youth Group launched a drug raid on No Man’s Land. A Karen News report quoted the group’s chairperson, Saw Moses, as saying the raid was sanctioned by the Border Guard Force and Myawaddy Township police and was for the good of Kayin youth, many of whom had become addicts. The group detained three suspects who were reportedly in possession of 5,000 ya ba tablets, 2.4 kilograms of marijuana, an M-16 assault rifle, three other guns, ammunition, and a home-made grenade. The suspects were handed over to Myawaddy police. After night falls in No Man’s Land, Kyaw Lin dares not venture outside his new home. “Every night there is shouting and fighting,” he said, adding that his stepmother told him to ignore the violence outside the house. “I can’t sleep well; it’s very noisy,” Kyaw Lin said. Tags:  Thailand  Mae Sot  Myawaddy  migration  Kayin State Mail Brennan O'Connor Brennan O’Connor is a freelance photographer and writer based in Southeast Asia, currently working on a photo book documenting Burma’s border areas. The project has taken him around the region to photograph the numerous rebels, refugees and migrants residing on both sides of the Dividing Lines. http://frontiermyanmar.net/mm/news/4099 1. ထိုင္း-ျမ္ျမမန္ခမးာ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျ
  • 15. Friday, 17, 2017 Mail တရမးဥကယ္ေဒစိုးျိုးျႈ ျရရံိုျွျာ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းဆးး ယ္ေရမ ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ယ္ေရမာ္ာမးရမ ယ္ေမရမေရစ္ျဖ္း တင္းယ္ောွမ္ာမးယ္ေမ ဖမ္ ထိုင္း- ျမ္ျမမန္စက္တစ္ယ္ေျွမာ္ရ ယ္ေငးယ္ေရမင္ျာ္ယ္ေမယ္ေ မ ျစ္ာျ္းမရ္းတးင္ ျ္ရမယ္ေကး ျ္ရမယ္ေကးင္းျွမးစးမ တရမးျဆင္ ာွ းယ္ောွမ္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ျွာ္ရာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ ယ္ေရး မး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ာရင္ကဖ္မန္္ ျဆတဝတျမိမငမ္ ထိုင္းငိုင္ငံ္ ျူယ္ေ မာ္တျမိောမးတးင္ ာက္ာက္ဖက္ဖက္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ယ္ေမ ယ္ေမထိုင္ယ္ေမာ ဖမ္ယ္ေမရမျမ ယ္ေဒ ခံျွမးောမးတးင္ “ကိုင္ ္ျူမ မန္ယ္ေျ” (No Man’s land) ေရစ္ ျ္ ျွမးယ္ေ မ ာွ းယ္ောွမ္ရက္ားာ္ႀာဝးတစ္ခိုကင္ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုင္းငငမ္ ျမ္ျမ ငစ္ငိုင္ငံျံိုးာ ငစ္ငိုင္ငံျံိုးာ ထိုယ္ေမရမာို ထမ္းခွမက္ရမ္ မ မ စတ္ကးဆင္စမးျႈျရျႈာို က ထမးယ္ေ မယ္ောမ က ထမးယ္ေ မယ္ောမငမ္ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျေရစ္ ျ္ ျွမးရခင္းျဖ္း ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုင္းမန္စက္တစ္ယ္ေျွမာ္ ္ ဒ ျ မ ၆ာ္တမ ောွန္ေဆမ္းာို ျုျ္းတခံမထမး ဖမ္ ကိုင္ ္ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျျမ ယ္ေ မင္ရင္းျစ္ယ္ေကျတးင္တဖ္ရ ဖမ္ းန္ျွာွဥ္းယ္ေျမင္းယ္ေ မ မန္မျတ္တစ္ခို မန္မျတ္တစ္ခိုရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ေအာေမးရငမ္ င္းရူျူးယ္ေတျ ဖမ္ ျမ္ျမမိုင္ငံ မး ရမယ္ေကးင္းျွမး ရမယ္ေကးင္းျွမးစးမေတးာ္ ငစ္ငိုင္ငံ မန္မျတ္ျွဥ္းယ္ေကျျ ခိုျႈံရမ ယ္ေမရမယ္ေျးတခို ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ဤယ္ေမရမေမး ေမဝးတဆိုာ္ျ ရးမခံျွမးာ ေလိျက္ဘမ မရငမ္ No Man’s Land ၆ို ယ္ေချ ိုယ္ေမာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ျမ္ျမ ျမ္ျမဘမ မရငမ္ ယ္ေရျဖ္ာလးမ္း၆ို ယ္ေချ ိုာခင္းရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ မန္စက္တစ္ယ္ေျွမာ္ရ ထိုာူမ ို ထိုာူမ ို႔ယ္ေ မ ယ္ေမရမေျွမးေကမးေမာ္ တစ္ခိုရစ္တကဝး ယ္ေမထိုိုင္ ္ေျွမးစိုျမ ျမ္ျမငိုင္ငံ မးျွမး ရစ္ာ ရစ္ာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ တို႔ျမ ောွငမ္ကွာ္ခစမးျႈ္ ေျတ္ထိုတ္ လိုတ္ယ္ေ းးစိုတ္ျႈမငမ္ င္းရူ င္းရူျးူယ္ေတျႈဒႈ္ျွမးာို ေျွမး ံိုး ခံစမးခူမာရ ္ မးယ္ောမင္ျွမးကင္ ရစ္ာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 16. ကိုင္ ္ျူမာလးမ္းယ္ေကျတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ ္ေခွမိာ မန္ခမးျွဥ္းယ္ေကျတးင္ စဝးာရာ္ စဝးာရာ္ယ္ေရမင္းခွခင္းရငမ္ ေ ာ္ယ္ေျးးာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ာ ္ေျွမးစိုျမ ယ္ေရးိျွမး ယ္ေခးင္းရးာ္ ွာ္ထိုး ယ္ေစွး ဖ္ျွမး ယ္ေစွး ဖ္ျွမးေရစ္ ေ ာ္ယ္ေျးးာတကဝး ထိုင္းငငမ္ ငိုင္ငံခမး မး ာျျမျဖမ္ခရဝး းမးျွမးထံ ျမ္ျမငငမ္ တ ို
  • 17. ျမ္ျမငငမ္ တ ိုတ္ငိုင္ငံထိုတ္ စဝးာရာ္ျွမး ယ္ေရမင္းခွခင္း္ ကမ္ျဖ္ေ ံိုးကမငိုင္ယ္ေ မ စးမ္႔ကစ္ကစသဖ္းျွမး စးမ္႔ကစ္ကစသဖ္းျွမး ယ္ောမာ္န္ စိုယ္ေ မင္းခင္းငငမ္ ယ္ေတမင္းရျ္းစမးယ္ေ မာ္ ္ျွမးျဖ္း ရာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ တို႔၏ ေခမးယ္ေ မ ေအာစဝးကးမးယ္ေရးျိုက္ငမ္းတစ္ခိုျမျ္ ကိုိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျေမး တရမးဥကယ္ေဒျူမ မန္ယ္ေျ၆္ မန္ယ္ေျ၆္ယ္ေ မ ေျဖ္ ိုးရငမ္ယ္ောွမ္ာမးယ္ေစ ဖမ္ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းဆးး ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ယ္ေရမာ္ာမး ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ယ္ေရမာ္ာမးျႈကင္ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ေထ္း ရငမ္ ေယ္ေျမင္ထို ရံိုးျုျ္း းမးယ္ေ မေခး ထိုယ္ေမရမာို ထိုယ္ေမရမာို ယ္ေစမငမ္ာက္ယ္ေမာ ဖမ္ ထိုင္းစစ္ မးျွမး စခမ္း ို႔ ကမ္ းမးာခွမ္ာ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ျမ္ျမမန္ခမးယ္ေစမငမ္တက္ျွမးာျဖ္း ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျရ တရမးျဆင္ ျိုက္ာို ျိုက္ာိုင္ယ္ေ မင္ရးာ္ျႈျွမးျ ောွမးေျတ္ ရရယ္ေမ ဖ္၆ို ေမဝးတစ္ဆိုာ္ရ ယ္ေဒ ခံျွမးာ ယ္ေကမ ို ယ္ေကမ ိုာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ေခမး ္ျွမးာျ္ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းဆးး ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ျႈမငမ္ ေခမးကစ္ျႈျွမးာို ျွာ္ားန္ ျွာ္ားန္ကမရမ္ေတးာ္ ထိုင္းငငမ္ ျမ္ျမ ငစ္ငိုင္ငံျံိုးျ ရူတက္ရူးိဆင္ျွမးာ ျမဘ္စမးယ္ေမာ ဖ္၆ို ျမဘ္စမးယ္ေမာ ဖ္၆ို ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျေမး တို႔ ေိုက္ခွမက္ခးငမ္ရ ဖ္၆ို ထိုင္းငငမ္ ျမ္ျမ ငစ္ရာ္ျံိုးာ ိုာယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ိုာယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ထိုယ္ေဒ ို႔ ထိုင္းရူျွမး ယ္ေခခွ ဖ္ျမ ေျးမ္ရမးကးးျ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 18. မန္စက္ရတ္ာမ ထိုင္းငိုင္ငံတးင္ းမးယ္ေရမာ္ေျိုက္ျိုက္ာျဖမ္ ျမ္ျမငိုင္ငံ မးျွမး ခွစ္ာဖ္ယ္ေရး ခွစ္ာဖ္ယ္ေရးတံတမးယ္ေကျတးင္ ယ္ေစမငမ္ ိုင္းယ္ေမာစဥ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ ယ္ေငးရမ ဝ ယ္ေရမာ္ရျမယ္ေ မေခးတးင္ ာွ းယ္ောွမ္ ္ျွမး စိုယ္ေဆးယ္ေမထိုင္ရမယ္ေမရမျွမး ေမဝးတဆိုာ္ရ ခွမံငးန္ကတ္ ခွမံငးန္ကတ္ယ္ေကးင္းျွမးာို ျဝး ႈိရမ္ေတးာ္ ျမ္ျမငိုင္ငံဘာ္ာ ရူတက္ရူးိဆင္ျွမးာို ျစ္ျဖ္ယ္ေခး ျစ္ျဖ္ယ္ေခးင္ ို႔ ယ္ေစျုတ္ယ္ေျမရ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ို႔ယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ရူျွမး ျမယ္ေရမာ္ျဝး ႈိျဖ္ာို တစ္မဖ္းမ
  • 19. တစ္မဖ္းမဖ္းရငမ္ ႀာမတင္ ရယ္ေမ ဖမ္ေျမး ထိုယ္ေမရမတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ ္ျွမးျမ ေခမးယ္ေမရမ ေခမးယ္ေမရမ ို႔ နမနဝယ္ေကမင္းယ္ေရုိ ယ္ေမထိုင္ာတကဝး ျဝးရႈိိုတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္တးင္ျ ကမ္ျဖ္ ျမယ္ေရမာ္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ာယ္ေ ယ္ေမထိုင္ာယ္ေျမရ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ျတ္တယ္ေျမ ထးာ္ယ္ေကျျမယ္ေ မ ာ္ယ္ေ ေယ္ေထမာ္ေထမးျွမးေရ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျငငမ္ ကတ္ ာ္တ ကတ္ ာ္တကဝး ထိုင္းရူတက္ရူးိဆင္ျွမးာ တရမးဆင္ ကတ္ ာ္ျႈျရယ္ေ မ ေခေယ္ေမျမ ယ္ေကမင္ ယ္ေကမင္းျူငိုင္ရးန္ရယ္ေမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ တကဝးခူမ ဖမ္ စာ္တင္ဘမျေတးင္းာ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ထိုင္းငငမ္ ျမ္ျမ ရူတက္ရးူ႔ ရူတက္ရးူ႔ဆင္ျွမးက္းယ္ေကးင္းာမ မမရဝေယ္ေတမ္ာမ ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္စဝးမင္း ရမယ္ေရးခူမ ဖ္၆ို ေျဖ္ျယ္ေ ေျဖ္ျယ္ေရမ္ကျို ဖမ္ ယ္ေရုိယ္ေကမင္းေျိုက္ ျမးတစ္မးာ Frontier ာို ယ္ေကမာမးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ျူယ္ေ မာ္တးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ ဖမ္ ထိုေျိုက္ ျမးာ ာွ းယ္ောွမ္ရက္ားာ္ေမဝးရ တရမးျဆင္ မန္စက္ မန္စက္ ရတ္ယ္ောွမ္လတ္ာ ထိုင္းဘာ္ ို႔ ကမ္ျဖမ္ေခွမ္တးင္ ထိုစဝးမင္းရမယ္ေရးျႈာို ယ္ေတးိရခူမခင္း ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ျမ္ျမဘာ္ာျ္းျ ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ရယ္ေမစဥ္ေတးင္း ၏ ျိုဘိုင္းရိုမ္းရငမ္ ိုာ္ာ္းထမး ဖမ္ ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္ စဝး ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္ စဝးမင္းယ္ေမယ္ေ မ အမတ္ကံိုျွမးေမး ေျိုက္ ျမးာ Frontier ာို ထိုတ္ကခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 20. မန္စက္ေမး တရမးျဆင္ရတ္ယ္ောွမ္ ဖမ္ယ္ေမရမတစ္ခိုတးင္ ထိုင္းစစ္ မးျွမးာ ရမယ္ေရးယ္ေမာစဥ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို- ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျ ို႔ ျတ္တယ္ေျမ ယ္ေရမာ္ရျမ ္ျမ ယ္ေမထိုင္ရမ ျဆတဝတျမိေမဝးတစ္ဆိုာ္တးင္ ျမ္ျမ ျမ္ျမရူျွမး၏ ဒိုာကယ္ေကး ယ္ေငမာ္နာ္ျႈျ ယ္ေရမင္ရမးရမ္ ယ္ေရုိယ္ေကမင္းျမ ဖမ္ ေ ာ္ ္ည ငစ္ေရးန္ ယ္ေျမ ငစ္ေရးန္ ယ္ေျမင္ယ္ောွမ္ျင္း (ေျဖ္ေရင္း ျ၆ိုတ္) ကင္ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 21. “ ္တို႔ာ ာလးမ္ယ္ေတမ္တို႔ာို ရျ္း ဝးတကဝး ရိုာ္ငာ္ာျျမ္ျန္” ၆ို ာ ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္း ဖ္ ္၏ ျ မးစိုငငမ္ေတ္ ကူခ္းတိုင္းယ္ေဒ ႀာဝးျ ျဆတဝ ို႔ ျးမ္ခူမယ္ေ မ မစ္ေမဖ္းင မစ္ေမဖ္းငန္ာ ယ္ေကမင္းယ္ေရုိ ယ္ေမထိုင္ခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ို႔ယ္ေ မ္ ရခင္ရစ္ ္ျမ ေခမးေျွမး ေခမးေျွမး ျဝးတစ္မးေမး ဘမ္ယ္ောမာ္ ို႔ ခိုးယ္ေကး းမးတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္ ေရာ္စးူ ေရာ္စးူယ္ေမယ္ေ မျခင္ငငမ္ေတ္ ္ မ ာွမ္ရစ္ခူမယ္ေျ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းျမ ျဆတဝရ ယ္ေျျးငမ္ာယ္ေျး ယ္ေျျးငမ္ာယ္ေျးငန္ျွမးမငမ္ေတ္ ဖျံိုးယ္ေကးာ္ ယ္ေမထိုင္တတ္ျမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ္၏ျခင္ ံိုးကးး းမး ံိုးကးး းမးတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္ ေယ္ေဒျငငမ္ေတ္ းမးယ္ေရမာ္ယ္ေမထိုင္ခူမယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ျာမျဝတးင္ ယ္ေျျးငမ္ာယ္ေျးင ယ္ေျျးငမ္ာယ္ေျးငန္ဘဆ ို႔ ကမ္ျဖ္ ယ္ေရမာ္ရျမခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ရခင္းျမ ယ္ေကွမ္ရုင္စရမ ယ္ောမင္း ဖ္၆ို ္ာယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ “ာလးမ္ယ္ေတမမ္ေတးာ္ ဒဝယ္ေမရမျမ ေက္ငိုင္္ စမးငိုင္္ ကိုာ္ ံရမငိုင္တန္ိၾကသည္။ ျးတ္ျက္တန္ိၾကသည္။ ဘန္ ္ျ ာလး ဘန္ ္ျ ာလးမ္ယ္ေတမမ္ာို ျမျစစ္ရ္း” ၆ိုျဖ္း ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ယ္ေတမင္းရျ္းခင္းေကင္ တရမးျဆင္ မန္စက္လတ္ျတစ္ ငမ္ ထိုင္းငိုင္ငံ ို႔ ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္ျဖမ္ ျတ္ကံိုတင္ျူမ ျတ္ကံိုတင္ျူမ ျမ္ျမယ္ေရုိယ္ေကမင္းျိုက္ မးျွမး၏ ေတ္ျွမးာို ာ္ဖဝ ာ္ဖဝ န္ယ္ေ မင္ယ္ေကးခင္းေမးရငမ္ တစ္ယ္ေမ႔ျ ွင္ ထိုင္းဘတ္ယ္ေငး ုငင ျ ေငင (ာွက္ ္ု၀မငင ျ ္ ္ု၀မငင ျ ္၈၀ည၇င) ာမး ဆင္ယ္ေငး ရရယ္ေမ ဖ္၆ို ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ိၾကသည္။ ္ရရ ဖမ္ ဆင္ယ္ေငးျွမး ဆင္ယ္ေငးျွမးေမး ္ငငမ္ ယ္ေ းး မးယ္ေတမ္စက္ခင္းျရယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ္၏ျယ္ေထးး၆ို ို ဖမ္ ေျွမး ျဝးတစ္မး ေျွမး ျဝးတစ္မးထံ ယ္ေကးေက္ရ ဖ္၆ို ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 22. မန္စက္ေမဝး ျူယ္ေ မာ္တျမိတးင္ ာင္းျဖမ္ယ္ေမာ ဖမ္ ထိုင္းစစ္ မးျွမးေမး ာယ္ေျးငန္ျွမးာ ာဖမ္ ႈ ာဖမ္ ႈယ္ေမာစဥ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ ယ္ေမရမ စ္တးင္ ယ္ောမင္းျးမ္စးမ စမး မာ္ရ ဖ္၆ို ္ာ ယ္ေကမယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ္႔ငငမ္ ယ္ေတး႔ ံိုခူမ ဖမ ယ္ေတး႔ ံိုခူမ ဖမ္ မံမာ္ခင္းေခွမ္တးင္ကင္ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းျမ မယ္ေျမင္ျးတ္ က္ယ္ေမ ဖ္ာို ယ္ေတး႔ရ တ ယ္ေတး႔ရ တထမးျခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 23. စမျတတ္ ဖမ္ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္းေမး ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ခွင္ ျမး၆ို ယ္ေျးျမ္းာဖမ္ ဖမ္ေခး ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ခွင္ ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ခွင္ယ္ေ မ္ျဖ္း ေဆတ္ယ္ေျွမ္ခင္း္ ယ္ေရခက္ခင္းျွမးငငမ္ ယ္ေမ႔စဥ္ဆင္ယ္ေငးေတးာ္ ယ္ေမ႔စဥ္ဆင္ယ္ေငးေတးာ္ ရမယ္ေရးရခင္းျွမးယ္ောမငမ္ ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ရမ္ ေခွမ္ယ္ေျမာ္ငစးမ ျရ၆ို ္ာ ကမ္ျဖ္ ္ာ ကမ္ျဖ္ယ္ေရာမးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျရ ာယ္ေျးေခွမိ ဖ္ ယ္ေရုိယ္ေကမင္းေျိုက္ ျမးျွမးေတးာ္ ျူယ္ေ မာ္ာ ရးငမ္ျ ရးငမ္ျစ္ထမးယ္ေ မ Agape ျဘျူမယ္ေလ၆မမငမ္ ယ္ေဘမ္ဒးယ္ောွမင္းတးင္ ကဖမ င္န္ခူမာရ္း ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ို႔ရမ ို႔ရမတးင္ ယ္ောွမင္း ္ေခွမိာို ေအျဓကမာွငမ္ ဖ္၆္ယ္ေ မ စးက္စးူခွာ္ယ္ောမငမ္ ထိုယ္ောွမင္း၏ ယ္ောွမင္းေိုက္ ယ္ောွမင္းေိုက္ရစ္ ္ျမ ျမ္ျမငိုင္ငံဘာ္ ို႔ ညင္ု ခိုငစ္တးင္ ထးာ္ယ္ေကးျမခူမတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္ ေယ္ေခေယ္ေမျွမး ေယ္ေခေယ္ေမျွမးျဖ္း ယ္ေကမင္းျူ းမးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ယ္ောွမင္းစဝျံခမ္႔ခူးယ္ေရး ေရူးိ စ္ာ ကိုျိုတင္း ကိုျိုတင္းာက္ယ္ေ မ ယ္ောွမင္းေက္ငံယ္ေရးျိုက္ငမ္းစဥ္ာို စတင္ခူမရမ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျျ ယ္ောွမင္း ္္ ယ္ောွမ ယ္ောွမင္း ္္ ယ္ောွမင္း မးျွမးျမ ယ္ောွမင္းေက္ငံယ္ေရး ယ္ေမမာ္ ံိုးရာ္မငမ္ ျးူယ္ေခွမ္ းမးခူမရ ျးူယ္ေခွမ္ းမးခူမရ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုေခွမ္ျစတင္တကဝး ယ္ောွမင္းစမ င္ခမ္းျွမး ဝ ို႔ တို႔ ကမ္ျမခင္း ျရယ္ေတမမ၆ို ျရယ္ေတမမ၆ို ယ္ောွမင္းေယ္ေ မင္ မဖ္းကရစ္ ္ ယ္ေဒျ ဥမမးာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ နခင္ ယ္ောွမင္းေိုက္ယ္ေ၆မင္း ဖ္ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျျ ာယ္ေျးျွမး ကဖမ င္ာမးခးငမ္ရရယ္ေရးာို ေျးမ္ျို ေျးမ္ျိုျမး ္ရစ္တကဝး ၏ ဘတ္စ္ာမးရငမ္ကင္ မန္စက္ျ ယ္ောွမင္းေႀာမ္ ေကို႔ ျိုက္ယ္ေကး ျိုက္ယ္ေကးခူမ ဖ္၆ိုျဖ္း ာ ယ္ေကမာမး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 24. ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျ၏ ျင္ားင္းိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို-ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ င္းရူငးျ္းကးးယ္ေ မ ျ မးစိုျွမးေတးာ္ျမျ္ တို႔ ရင္ မ္ရက္တဖ္ယ္ေရးေတးာ္ ဆင္ယ္ေငး ဆင္ယ္ေငးျံိုယ္ေျမာ္စးမ ရမယ္ေရးခင္းာို မ မးစမးယ္ေကးယ္ေမရ ဖမ္ေတးာ္ ာယ္ေျးျွမးေမး ယ္ောွမင္းထမးယ္ေစ ယ္ောွမင္းထမးယ္ေစရမ္ ျဘျွမးာို ျ္း းင္းယ္ေကမ ိုရ ဖ္ျမ တခးတရံတးင္ ခာ္ခူ ဖ္၆ို ယ္ေဒျ ဥမမး ယ္ေဒျ ဥမမးာ ယ္ေကမာမး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 25. “ာယ္ေျးယ္ေတး ယ္ောွမင္း းမးျန္ ိုရင္ ္တို႔ာ ျ မးစိုေတးာ္ ျာ္ဖဝယ္ေကးငိုင္ယ္ေတမမတူမေတးာ္ ျဘယ္ေတးာ ျဘယ္ေတးာ ္တို႔ ာယ္ေျးယ္ေတးရူိ ကဖမယ္ေရးာို လ ိုျစိုာ္ာယ္ေတမမဘ္း” ၆ို ာ ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ရံရမ္ရံခးတးင္ျ္ ျဘျွမးာ ေငန္ ံိုးာယ္ေျးာို မ ယ္ောွမင္းတာ္ယ္ေစခူမာ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုာယ္ေ ထိုာယ္ေျးျွမးျမ ျ မစိုေတးာ္ ဆင္ယ္ေငးေမဖ္း ံိုး ရမယ္ေရးယ္ေကး ္ျွမး ရစ္ယ္ေမခင္းယ္ောမငမ္ ရစ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ “ ္တို႔ယ္ေတးာ ေခမးာယ္ေျးယ္ေတးမူ႔ ျတ္ကးဘ္း” ၆ို ယ္ေဒျ ဥမမးာ ယ္ေကမာမး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ တို႔ာ ထိုး ထိုးႀာတ္ တ္ကိုတ္ရမ္ ေျမးေျမကိုျွမး ္ျွမး ရစ္ ဖ္၆ိုျဖ္း ာ ရဖမ ရဖမ္စးာ္ယ္ေကမာမးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ို႔ယ္ေ မ္ ေခွမိယ္ောွမင္း မးျွမးျမ ေျးမ္တရမ ဥမႈ္ရဖ္ထ ဥမႈ္ရဖ္ထာ္ျာ္ာတကဝး ယ္ေရမင္းဆန္ယ္ေရမာ္ာမးရ္းယ္ေ မ တို႔၏ ဘဆေယ္ေတး ဘဆေယ္ေတးိေႀာံမယ္ောမငမ္ ေခမးယ္ောွမင္း မးျွမးထာ္ ခွမိဘမ မရက္တးင္ ကိုယ္ေတမ ကိုယ္ေတမ္ာ ဖ္၆ိုျဖ္း ာ ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။
  • 26. ထိုင္းငိုင္ငံ ို႔ ဆင္ယ္ေရမာ္ျမ ္ျွမးေမး မန္စက္လတ္တးင္ ထိုင္းစစ္ မးျွမးာ ရမယ္ေရးယ္ေမစဥ္ိၾကသည္။ အမတ္ကံို- ဘရမ္မမ္ ေိုားမ္မမ ယ္ေဒျ ဥဥမမး၏ ေ ိုေရ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျျ ေ ာ္ ္္ ငစ္ေရးန္ခမ္႔ မ ရယ္ေ းယ္ေ မ ာယ္ေျးငန္ျွမး ာယ္ေျးငန္ျွမး ဖ္ ရမဘာူမ ို႔ယ္ေ မ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းဆးးျွမး၏ ျုျ္ျိုးျႈယ္ေေမာ္တးင္ ရယ္ေမ ဖမ္ ေယ္ေခေယ္ေ ေယ္ေခေယ္ေမျွမးျ ယ္ောွမင္း ို႔ ယ္ေရမာ္ျမခူမာရ္း ဖ္၆ို ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ တို႔ျဘျွမးာ ယ္ေရမင္းခွရမ္ တို႔ာို
  • 27. တို႔ာို ယ္ေကးထမးယ္ေ မ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းျွမးာို ေခွမိာ ံိုးစူးခူမာ ဖ္၆ိုျဖ္း ယ္ေဒျ ဥဥမမး ယ္ေဒျ ဥဥမမးာ ံ နရစ္ျခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ညင္ု ခိုမစ္တးင္ ယ္ောမ္ျ္ရမ ာရင္ျ္ငန္ေရးူိဆင္ျွမးာ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ း မျ္မ မျ္မင္းယ္ေရးေတးာ္ စတင္ယ္ေ မင္ရးာ္ခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ထိုငျ္မင္းယ္ေရးေမး မန္ခမးယ္ေစမငမ္တက္မငမ္ ျဆတဝတျမိရူ ျဆတဝတျမိရူတက္ရးူိတို႔ာ ခးငမ္ကမခူမတကဝး ျ္းနစ္ယ္ေ းစးူယ္ေမ ဖမ္ ာရင္ျ္ငန္ျွမးေတးာ္ ယ္ောမင္းျး ယ္ောမင္းျးမ္ကး ဖ္၆ို ဤေရးူ႔ဥာဥက ယ္ေစမျိုးိာ္၏ ယ္ေကမာမးျႈာို ာိုးာမးာမ ာရင္ ာရင္ တင္းတစ္ကိုဒ္တးင္ ယ္ေရမ္ကထမး ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ရမဘယ္ေ းကမး ေ၀ငငင္ ယ္ေ းယ္ေခမာ္ ည ဒ ျ ု ာဝျိုလရျ္္ ေျ္-္မ ရိုင္ရန္ တစ္ျာ္္ ေခမး ေခမးယ္ေ မတ္ ံိုးျာ္္ ခူနျ္းျွမးမငမ္ ျာ္ျိုက္ ံိုးတစ္ျံိုးာို ျာ္ဆန္ကို ျာ္ဆန္ကိုင္ ိုင္ ဖ္၆ို ို ဖမ္ ံ နရရးန္ ျ္ ံိုးမးေမး ေရးူ႔ာ ရျ္းခွမက္ခူမတကဝးယ္ေမမာ္ ျဆတဝရူ ျဆတဝရူကမမ ို႔ ျုူယ္ေကမင္းယ္ေကးခူမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ကိုင္ ္ျူမမန္ယ္ေျယ္ေကျတးင္ ယ္ေမထိုင္ ဖမ္ ယ္ောွမ္ျင္း ဖ္ ဖေခွမ္ယ္ေရမာ္ျမတကဝ ိုကးာ ေျ္ေကင္ဘ ေျ္ေကင္ဘာ္ ို႔ စးမ္႔စမး းမးျမဆံမခင္း ျရယ္ေကိၾကသည္။ “ဖတိုင္းျိုျို ယ္ေေမ္၆စ္ယ္ေကမ ိုတမယ္ေတး္ တိုာ္ခိုာ္တမယ္ေတး ရယ္ေမကးတန္” ၆ို ာ ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ၏ ျယ္ေထးးာျဖ္း ေျ္ေကင္ဘာ္ရ ောျ္းရာ္ျႈျွမးာို ျစ္ျွ ႈထမးရမ္ ာို ယ္ေကမ ယ္ေကမာမးထမး ဖ္၆ို ို ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ “ယ္ောမင္းယ္ောမင္း ေက္ျို႔ျရဘ္းိၾကသည္။ ေရျ္း ္ဖံယ္ေမတန္” ၆ိုယ္ောွမ္ျင္းာ ယ္ေကမ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ ယ္ေေမင္ျင္း ဘမ မကမ္ ဖ္ိၾကသည္။ Tags:  ထိုင္း  မန္စက္ယ္ေဒ  ျဆတဝ  ျူယ္ေ မာ္  Brennan O'Connor
  • 28.  Brennan O’Connor is a freelance photographer and writer based in Southeast Asia, currently working on a photo book documenting Burma’s border areas. The project has taken him around the region to photograph the numerous rebels, refugees and migrants residing on both sides of the Dividing Lines.