1. Hospital or Healthcare System Data: o Internal Data: Reviewing your own hospital or healthcare system's data can provide insights into the average length of stay for patients with fractured hips. This data can be analyzed based on different factors such as age groups, severity of fracture, surgical procedures performed, and complications.

1. What benchmarking data would you review to compare the patient's
length of stay?
For example, if you were caring for an elderly patient admitted with a hip fracture sustained
during a fall at home
, what benchmarking data would you review to compare the patient's length of stay with that of
other patients with fractured hips?
What standards of care would be used?
Are these institutional specific or do they also incorporate any specific outside organizations'
guideline?
Another example would be COVID-19?
What is the EBP for COVID-19?
Benchmarking data
When comparing a patient's length of stay with that of other patients with fractured hips, you
may review benchmarking data related to healthcare metrics and performance indicators. Here
are some benchmarking data sources and metrics that can be useful for such a comparison:
1. Hospital or Healthcare System Data:
o Internal Data: Reviewing your own hospital or healthcare system's data can
provide insights into the average length of stay for patients with fractured hips.
This data can be analyzed based on different factors such as age groups, severity
of fracture, surgical procedures performed, and complications.
o Historical Data: Analyzing trends over time within your own facility can help
identify improvements or changes in length of stay for fractured hip patients.
2. National or Regional Databases:
o Healthcare Quality Reporting Programs: Many countries have national or regional
healthcare quality reporting programs that collect and publish data related to
hospital performance and patient outcomes. These databases may include length
of stay data for fractured hip patients, allowing for comparisons against regional
or national averages.
o Clinical Registries: Clinical registries, such as orthopedic or trauma registries, can
provide benchmarking data specific to fractured hip patients. These registries
often collect detailed clinical and outcomes data from multiple healthcare
facilities, enabling comparisons across different institutions.
3. Research Studies and Literature:
o Published Research: Reviewing peer-reviewed research studies and literature on
fractured hip patients can provide benchmarking data on average length of stay,

2. variations based on patient characteristics, and comparisons between different
healthcare facilities or regions.
o Guidelines and Standards: National or international clinical guidelines and
standards related to fractured hip management may provide recommendations on
optimal length of stay or expected ranges.
By comparing the patient's length of stay with benchmarking data from these sources, healthcare
providers can assess their performance, identify potential areas for improvement, and implement
strategies to enhance patient care, efficiency, and outcomes related to fractured hip treatment.
Standards of care
1. Clinical Practice Guidelines:
o Guidelines issued by reputable medical organizations, such as the American
Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the National Institute for Health and
Care Excellence (NICE), or the American College of Surgeons (ACS), provide
evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management
of fractured hips. These guidelines help standardize care and ensure that patients
receive appropriate and effective interventions.
2. Local Protocols and Policies:
o Healthcare institutions may have their own protocols and policies in place to
guide the care of patients with fractured hips. These protocols may incorporate
elements from established guidelines and adapt them to the specific resources and
capabilities of the institution. Local protocols often consider factors such as
patient demographics, available equipment and expertise, and institutional
preferences.
3. Expert Consensus:
o In cases where there is a lack of specific guidelines or conflicting evidence, expert
consensus plays a crucial role. Expert consensus involves gathering input from a
panel of experienced clinicians and specialists who collectively determine the best
practices based on their clinical expertise and available evidence.
What is the EBP for COVID-19?
Given the evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and the continuous influx of new research
and evidence, it is important for healthcare professionals to stay updated with the latest EBP
recommendations from reputable sources. Here are some key areas where EBP is applied in
managing COVID-19:
1. Diagnosis and Testing:
o EBP guides the selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests for COVID-19,
considering factors such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. It also informs
the criteria for testing individuals based on symptoms, exposure, and
epidemiological factors.

3. 2. Treatment and Therapeutics:
o EBP helps determine the most effective treatment strategies for COVID-19. This
includes evaluating antiviral medications, immunomodulatory therapies, and other
interventions based on their safety, efficacy, and impact on patient outcomes.
3. Infection Prevention and Control:
o EBP informs infection prevention and control measures to limit the transmission
of COVID-19. This includes guidance on personal protective equipment (PPE),
hand hygiene, disinfection protocols, and physical distancing measures.
4. Vaccination Strategies:
o EBP plays a vital role in the development and implementation of COVID-19
vaccination strategies. It guides decision-making regarding vaccine effectiveness,
safety profiles, dosing schedules, and prioritization strategies.
5. Clinical Management and Care Pathways:
o EBP informs the development of clinical care pathways and management
protocols for COVID-19 patients, including risk stratification, monitoring, and
supportive care. It helps identify optimal approaches for respiratory support,
anticoagulation, and management of comorbidities.
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References:
1. The increase of osteoporotic hip fractures and associated one-year mortality in Poland: 2008-
2015. J Clin Med. (2019) 8:1487. doi: 10.3390/jcm8091487
2. Mortality and cause of death in hip fracture patients aged 65 or older: a population-based
study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. (2011) 12:105. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-105
3. J An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic
fractures. Osteoporos Int. (2006) 17:1726–33. doi: 10.1007/s00198-006-0172-4