This case report describes the successful treatment of a 59-year-old edentulous female patient with a two-implant overdenture. Two implants were placed in the mandible using a surgical guide. After osseointegration was confirmed, ball abutments were attached to the implants and connected to an overdenture with O-rings. The patient was able to eat with the new prosthesis. Follow-ups showed good outcomes with minor gingivitis resolved with education. The report concludes two-implant overdentures provide an affordable option for edentulous patients.

1. Journal of Clinical Research in Dentistry • Vol 3 • Issue 1 • 2020 3
INTRODUCTION
I
n the year 1965, Brånemark et al.[1]
instituted the
process of bone formation around titanium alloy called
osseointegration which later found its clinical application
in dentistry. In the past three to four decades, no field like
implant has seen so many researchers dedicating their thought
process to a particular field. As a result of those efforts,
dental implants have been successfully used in the treatment
of the complete and partial edentulous situations.[2,3]
Among
various implant prosthetic options, the use of implants for
overdentures has gained popularity in the middle- and low-
income countries since they are a better alternative to non-
conservative prosthetic options like a fixed partial denture.[4]
The fully bone-anchored prosthesis where multiple implants
are used, the role of a periodontist also becomes tedious in
maintaining oral hygiene. The removable implant-supported
prosthesis has minimized dentist’s role in oral hygiene
maintenance, including that of the patient itself. However,
implants are supposed to survive for the edentulous lifetime
and therefore the role of periodontist still remains especially
to treat the soft and hard tissue complications surrounding the
implant fixture. The advantage of overdentures in addition
to better practicing oral hygiene also includes control over
denture movements and efficient mastication.[5]
This article, in the form of a case report, presents a case
of a completely edentulous situation that was successfully
restored to a two-implant two-staged overdenture.
CASE REPORT
An elderly female aged 59 years reported to the department of
prosthodontics with a chief complaint of inability to masticate
becauseofalackofnaturalteeth.Thepatientwasrecommended
by her friend who had previously received an implant-
supported prosthesis a few years back in the same institute.
Medical, social, drug, and other relevant histories did not reveal
anything that could modify the treatment plan. Hematological
and radiographic investigations were within the normal limits.
Orthomopantograph of the patient showed a moderately built
maxillary and mandibular residual alveolar ridges [Figure 1a].
Extraoral and intraoral features were within the normal range
with no significant negative findings. The treatment options
offered to the patient were decided after a comprehensive
evaluation. The options presented were an implant-supported
An 2/2 Implant Overdenture
Tanuj Minocha1
, Khurshid Mattoo2
, Nupur Rathi3
1
Department of Periodontics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences, B.R. Ambedkar University, Modinagar,
Uttar Pradesh, India, 2
Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, 3
Department of Prosthodontics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences, B.R. Ambedkar University,
Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Overdentures can be either tooth or implant supported. Completely edentulous patients whose economic condition Thwarts
them to invest in the expensive implant (number based) treatments should be motivated to have at least a two implant-
supported overdenture since the prosthesis offers most of the advantages of conventional tooth-supported overdenture.
We report a case of an elderly female patient who was reluctant toward surgery, but with moderate education was treated
successfully with a two staged, two implant-supported overdenture using a ball abutment with o ring attachment.
Key words: Abutment, complete denture, osseointegration, overdenture
Address for correspondence:
Khurshid Mattoo, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
E-mail: drkamattoo@rediffmail.com
https://doi.org/10.33309/2639-8281.030102 www.asclepiusopen.com
© 2020 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
CASE REPORT

2. Minocha, et al.: Implant supported overdenture
Journal of Clinical Research in Dentistry • Vol 3 • Issue 1 • 2020
maxillary and mandibular fully bony anchored prosthesis as the
first choice or a removable prosthetic option for both maxillary
and mandibular residual alveolar ridges with a minimum
of two implants. The patient did not consent, for maxillary
implant-supported prosthesis, but consented for mandibular
two implant-supported overdentures. A complete denture with
bilateral balanced occlusion was fabricated for the patient
using routine clinical and laboratory procedures. The denture
was duplicated into a clear acrylic surgical guide which was
used to place two fixtures (Nobel Bio care, Goteborg, Sweden)
during a stage one surgery [Figure 1b]. After placing the
implant fixture [Figure 1c], the alignment between the two
implant bodies was verified with guide pins [Figure 1d],
following which the area was approximated with nylon sutures
[Figure 1e]. The patient was put on a course of antibiotics
and anti-inflammatory analgesics for a 2 week period. These
included a broad spectrum of amoxicillin (500 mg) and
diclofenac sodium (50 mg). The sutures were removed after
a week following which the patient was instructed to wear the
complete denture that was relieved in the surgical area. After a
period of 4 months, the osseointegration was radiographically
verified [Figure 1f]. In the second stage, the implant area was
exposed locally [Figure 2a] and a healing cover was placed
over the implant fixture after using the locator bar (#8589-2)
attachment [Figure 2b].
The patient was asked to continue wearing complete dentures
with additional relief provided in the implant area. Once the
gingival healing was completed, the healing caps were removed
and the abutment was selected after measuring the tissue
thickness from the apical rim of the implant body to gingival
crest. Two ball abutments were placed over the implant fixture
[Figure 2c] and their respective O rings [Figure 2d] were placed
over the ball head. The denture was relieved in the area and
the two rings were attached to the denture using self-cure fast
setting pink acrylic resin [Figures 1 and 2e]. Excess acrylic
was allowed to flow through the lingual surface of the denture
[Figure 2f]. The patient continued to wear the modified denture
using implant retained attachments. The patient was put on a
follow-up for a period of 1 year where the patient was evaluated
by a team of a periodontist and a prosthodontist. At the first
follow-up visit, there was mild gingivitis around the right
abutment due to the settling of the denture on one side. The
patient was eating only on one side and therefore was educated
about a new masticatory pattern that she has to follow. The
condition was resolved and verified at the next follow-up visit.
DISCUSSION
The use of two implants to support an overdenture is the
minimum requirement for implant prosthetic option, although
more than two can be placed and are desirable. Using a four
implant overdenture since not being always ideal, therefore, is
an additional financial burden to the patient.[6]
The treatment
modality of implant overdenture has evolved from the fixed
tissue-integrated prosthesis in which the alignment of various
implants determines the successful placement of the fixed
restoration.[7]
The abutment alignment is therefore critical and
the criticality increases as the number of implants increases.
The two implants can either be splinted together with a bar or
they can be given individually as in this case. The advantage of
keeping the two implant abutments separated is that only one
side needs to be corrected in case there is any error in alignment
with the denture.[8]
In the case of bar supported overdenture, if
there is any change of alignment on one side, the entire bar is
affected. The individual implant also provides better hygiene
maintenance around the implant, especially on mesial surfaces.
Oral hygiene maintenance does not require special aids like
Figure 2: (a) Exposing implant area (b) healing screw
(c) abutments placed on the fixture (d) O-rings placed on
the abutment (e) finished complete denture tissue surface
(f) finished lingual surface
Figure 1: (a) Pre-operative radiograph (b) surgical guide
(c) implant placement (d) guide pin verification (e) suture
placement (f) post-operative radiograph
a
b
c
d
e
f
a
b
c
d
e
f

3. Minocha, et al.: Implant supported overdenture
Journal of Clinical Research in Dentistry • Vol 3 • Issue 1 • 2020 5
interdental brushes. Technically, the two implants using a ball
and o ring attachment are less technique sensitive in terms
of material errors that are incorporated within a prosthesis.
Most of the material induced errors are not under the control
of the operator and hence are incorporated irrespectively.
The efficiency of complete denture prosthesis is enhanced
since the prosthesis is stable over the abutments. Shifting of
occlusal surfaces during mastication increases chewing time
by decreasing the cuspal efficiency of food penetration.
CONCLUSION
Economic viability in the middle- and low-income country
makes 2/2 implant overdenture prosthetic options more
attractive for both dentist and patient. Since there is no
added procedure of casting alloys like that of a bar supported
overdenture, the individual attachment supported overdenture
becomes even cheaper than its counterpart.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of the
laboratory technician Mr Shuja for his meticulous laboratory
work.
REFERENCES
1. Brånemark PI, Breine U, Adell R, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J,
Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I.
Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg
1969;3:81-100.
2. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Brånemark PI. A 15-year
study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the
edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg 1981;10:387-416.
3. Jemt T, Lekholm U, Adell R. Osseointegrated implants in the
treatment of partially edentulous patients: A preliminary study
on 876 consecutively placed fixtures. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Implants 1989;4:211-7.
4. Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The edentulous predicament. II:
The longitudinal effectiveness of implant-supported
overdentures. J Am Dent Assoc 1996;127:66-72.
5. Worthington P, Bolender CL, Taylor TD. The Swedish system
of osseointegrated implants: Problems and complications
encountered during a 4-year trial period. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Implants 1987;2:77-84.
6. Feine JS, Carlsson GE, Awad MA, Chehade A, Duncan WJ,
Gizani S, et al. The McGill consensus statement on
overdentures. Mandibular two-implant overdentures as first
choice standard of care for edentulous patients. Montreal,
Quebec, May 24-25, 2002. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants
2002;17:601-2.
7. DeBoer J. Edentulous implants: Overdenture versus
fixed. J Prosthet Dent 1993;69:386-90.
8. Isidor F. Loss of osseointegration caused by occlusal load of
oral implants. A clinical and radiographic study in monkeys.
Clin Oral Implants Res 1996;7:143-52.
Howtocitethisarticle:MinochaT,MattooK,RathiN.An
2/2 Implant Overdenture. J Clin Res Dent 2020;3(1):3-5.