CONVERGENCE OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: FROM IOT TO AI AND BLOCKCHAIN PASSING BY FUTURE INTERNET

CONVERGENCE OF DISRUPTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES: FROM IOT TO AI
AND BLOCKCHAIN PASSING BY
FUTURE INTERNET
Antonio M. Alberti, Professor & Researcher

(c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
FOR TOO LONG WE TALK ABOUT TECHNOLOGICAL
EVOLUTION AND THE RATE AT WHICH IT OCCURS.

VERY OFTEN, PEOPLE CITE MOORE'S LAW AS AN
EXAMPLE OF LAW CAPABLE OF PREDICTING
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTING POWER.
Gordon Moore, 2004.
Co-funder of Intel Corp.

“THE QUANTITY OF
TRANSISTORS THAT
CAN BE PLACED
INEXPENSIVELY ON
AN INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT HAS
DOUBLED
APPROXIMATELY
EVERY TWO YEARS.”

MORE RECENTLY, RAYMOND KURZWEIL PRESENTED A
THEORY FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND A NEW
LAW THAT EXPANDS MOORE LAW TO DESCRIBE THE
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
THE LAW OF
ACCELERATING
RETURNS

“EVOLUTION APPLIES POSITIVE FEEDBACK IN THAT THE MORE
CAPABLE METHODS RESULTING FROM ONE STAGE OF
EVOLUTIONARY PROGRESS ARE USED TO CREATE THE NEXT
STAGE.”

ABUNDANCE: THE FUTURE
IS BETTER THAN YOU THINK
PETER H. DIAMANDIS
STEVEN KOTLER
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurologia

“THE SINGULARITY IS AN ERA IN
WHICH OUR INTELLIGENCE WILL
BECOME INCREASINGLY
NONBIOLOGICAL AND TRILLIONS OF
TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN IT IS
TODAY—THE DAWNING OF A NEW
CIVILIZATION THAT WILL ENABLE US
TO TRANSCEND OUR BIOLOGICAL
LIMITATIONS AND AMPLIFY OUR
CREATIVITY.”

DISRUPTION
SOFTWARIZATION
INTERNET OF THINGS
CLOUD, BIG DATA
BLOCKCHAIN
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

UBIQUITY
DEVICES EVERYWHERE
SOFTWARE-DEFINED EVERYTHING
PROGRAMMABLE MATTER

MINIATURIZATION
CENTIMETER
MICROMETER
NANOMETER
INTERNET OF MICRO &
NANO THINGS
Anders
?

TO ABSTRACT/EMULATE IN VIRTUAL WORLD (I.E.
SOFTWARE) SOMETHING THAT IS PHYSICAL, VISIBLE IN
REAL WORLD.
EXAMPLES: VIRTUAL MACHINE, VIRTUAL ROUTER
VIRTUALIZATION

TO RUN IN SOFTWARE SOME NETWORK FUNCTION THAT
IS TYPICALLY A HARDWARE.
EXAMPLES: VIRTUAL GATEWAY
NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION

EVERY VIRTUAL ENTITY NEEDS A PHYSICAL
SUBSTRATE.
CANDIDATE HOSTS NEED TO EXPOSE THEIR FEATURES
FOR SOFTWARE ORCHESTRATION.
SOFTWARE CAN SELECT THE BEST PLACEMENT.
EXPOSITION

SDR - SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
Radio hardware is defined by software.
Virtualization of radio functions.
Software-defined “node”, e.g. New Radio for 5G.

ROF - RADIO OVER FIBER
Distributed radio signals are transported for central
processing, probably in one or more SDR.
SDR(s) Edge Cloud
RoF

IOT - INTERNET OF THINGS
A new Internet of connected things at global level.
All things are connected to the Internet.

SMART OBJECT
A software that represents/mirrors a “thing”.
Proxy
Service

SMART OBJECT
REQUIREMENTS:
! NEED TO TALK WITH “PHYSICAL COUNTERPART(S)”.
! REPRESENT PHYSICAL OBJECT IN VIRTUAL WORLD.
! MANAGES AND CONTROLS “PHYSICAL COUNTERPARTS”.

VIRTUAL GATEWAY FOT IOT
IoT motes transmit signals to an SDR, which delivers frames to
a protocol translation software in the edge computing.
SDR Edge/Cloud
Protocol Translation
Mote
Mote

TO RETHINK NETWORK ARCHITECTURE CONSIDERING
THE ROLE OF ABSTRACTIONS AND SOFTWARE.
CURRENT APPROACHES ARE FOCUSED ON MOVING THE
EXISTING DISTRIBUTED CONTROL PLANE TO A
CENTRALIZED SOFTWARE CONTROLLER.
SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING

TRADITIONAL NETWORKING
Data Plane
Control Plane
Mngt Plane
Data Plane
Control Plane
Mngt Plane
Data Plane
Control Plane
Mngt Plane

OPENFLOW NETWORKING
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Controller
Orchestration

EMERGING SCENARIO
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Orchestration
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Controller
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
Controller
Data Plane
Cmd. Receiver
Mngt Plane
PHYSICAL NODES VIRTUAL NODES

SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE: APPLICATIONS CAN BE
FLEXIBLY AND DYNAMICALLY CONSTRUCTED BY THE
DYNAMIC COMPOSITION OF DISTRIBUTED UTILITIES.
SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
App
S8 S9
S7 S6 S5
S4 S3 S2 S1

!BLOCKCHAIN IS A DISTRIBUTED IMMUTABLE DATABASE SHARED BY PARTIES TO
VALIDATE AND STORE ONLINE TRANSACTIONS VIA A DISTRIBUTED NETWORK.
!DOES NOT REQUIRE TRUST FORMATION/REPUTATION AMONG PARTIES. ALLOWS
PEOPLE WHO DON’T KNOW ONE ANOTHER TO TRUST SHARED RECORDS.
!USED IN BITCOIN NETWORK AND OTHER DIGITAL CURRENCIES.

! DATA IS STORED IN A DATA STRUCTURE CALLED BLOCK, WHICH ARE LINKED ONE
ANOTHER VIA A CHAIN OF HASHES.
! EACH BLOCK CONTAINS THE HASH OF THE PREVIOUS BLOCK, A NONCE (USED TO
SOLVE A HASH-FUNCTION-BASED CHALLENGE), AND THE TRANSACTIONS
PERFORMED SINCE LAST BLOCK.
Proof-of-Work
plement a distributed timestamp server on a peer-to-peer basis, we will need to use a proof-
rk system similar to Adam Back's Hashcash [6], rather than newspaper or Usenet posts.
roof-of-work involves scanning for a value that when hashed, such as with SHA-256, the
begins with a number of zero bits. The average work required is exponential in the number
o bits required and can be verified by executing a single hash.
r our timestamp network, we implement the proof-of-work by incrementing a nonce in the
until a value is found that gives the block's hash the required zero bits. Once the CPU
has been expended to make it satisfy the proof-of-work, the block cannot be changed
ut redoing the work. As later blocks are chained after it, the work to change the block
include redoing all the blocks after it.
e proof-of-work also solves the problem of determining representation in majority decision
g. If the majority were based on one-IP-address-one-vote, it could be subverted by anyone
Block
Prev Hash Nonce
Tx Tx ...
Block
Prev Hash Nonce
Tx Tx ...
? ?

! TRANSACTIONS ARE PROPAGATED TO ALL FULL NODES OF THE NETWORK.
!A PROOF-OF-WORK BLOCKCHAIN IS FORMED BY MANY NODES, WHICH COMPETE
TO FINISH A BLOCK. THE WINNER RECEIVE COINS OR OTHER INCENTIVES.
!ITS EXTREMELY HARD TO MODIFY OLDER BLOCKS WITHOUT HAVING THE
CONSENSUS OF MINERS.
!A DIGITAL COIN IS NOT OBLIGATORY. MANY PROJECTS DO NOT USE IT.

! ETHEREUM IS AN EXAMPLE OF A BLOCKCHAIN-BASED PROJECT.
! IT IS DESIGNED TO HAVE APPLICATION FLEXIBILITY, NOT JUST CRYPTO-COINS.
! ETHEREUM BLOCKCHAIN HAS ROUGHLY 10K NODES.
ETHEREUM
Página 1 de 13https://steemit.com/ethereum/@najoh/ethereum-explained-for-beginners
last year
Ethereum explained for beginners
najoh (/@najoh) 58 in ethereum (/trending/ethereum)
Ethereum is a digital currency, designed on a block chain open platform, a
decentralized application that can be used by anyone. Ethereum cannot be
controlled similar to BITCOIN. Ethereum platform was globally designed
by many people. However, Ethereum has a strong protocol unlike
BITCOIN, in which the user can create an application or use the tool safely
with the introduction of Homestead. It is designed to be !exible and
adaptable by a large audience.
In addition, Ethereum is said to be the next generation technology based
on block chain, originally designed by Satoshi Nakamoto, a “Peer-To-Peer
Electronic Cash System”, named “BITCOIN”. The block chain is a computer
structured framework in which each node of network is executed and
recorded similar transactions that are grouped within blocks. One block is

ETHEREUM
last year

! SMART CONTRACTS REGISTERED IN AN SPECIFIC BLOCKCHAIN ALLOW
IMMUTABLE EXECUTION OF MULTI PARTY (CONTRACT) CLAUSES WITH INPUT(S)
AND OUTPUT(S) ACCOUNTS.
! SMART CONTRACTS ARE DRIVEN BY PLANNED EVENTS AND THRESHOLDS AND
ARE TRACEABLE AND AUDITABLE.
ETHEREUM
last year

! SMART CONTRACTS ARE AN
EXPRESSION OF CONTRACTUAL
CLAUSES IN CODE, BEING ABLE
TO BE AUTO EXECUTABLE AS
REGISTERED IN SPECIFIC
BLOCKCHAIN.
IT DOES NOT HAVE THE
NEED FOR RELIABLE
INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN
THE PARTIES.
ETHEREUM
last year
Smart contracts are how things get done in Ethereum.

! ETHEREUM HAS TWO KINDS OF
ACCOUNTS:
EXTERNALLY OWNED
ACCOUNTS: CONTROLLED
BY PRIVATE KEYS AND
HAVE NO CODE
ASSOCIATED WITH THEM.
CONTRACT ACCOUNTS:
CONTROLLED BY THEIR
CONTRACT CODE AND
HAVE CODE ASSOCIATED.
ETHEREUM
it and a 20-byte address. An address in Ethereum is a 160-bit identiLer
that is used to identify any account.
There are two types of accounts:
Externally owned accounts, which are controlled by private keys
and have no code associated with them.
Contract accounts, which are controlled by their contract code
and have code associated with them.
Externally owned accounts vs.contract accounts
It’s important to understand a fundamental di_erence between
externally owned accounts and contract accounts. An externally owned
account can send messages to other externally owned accounts OR
to other contract accounts by creating and signing a transaction
•
•
https://medium.com/@preethikasireddy/how-does-ethereum-work-anyway-22d1df506369
last year

! ETHEREUM DECENTRALIZED APPLICATIONS (DAPPS):
THEY ARE NOT OWNED BY AN INDIVIDUAL, RATHER BY PEOPLE.
PEOPLE BUY A DAPP TOKEN FROM ETHER, WHICH IS THE ETHEREUM
CRYPTOCOIN.
ETHEREUM
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/ethereum-token/
https://www.stateofthedapps.com
last year

! ETHEREUM TOKENS:
A TOKEN IS LIKE A PASS IN A PARK,
BOUGHT FROM ETHER. BY USING
TOKENS, ONE CAN EXECUTE
CERTAIN FUNCTIONS IN A SMART
CONTRACT OF THE DAPPS.
ETHEREUM
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/ethereum-token/
last year

! DATUM IS AN ETHEREUM-BASED TOKEN (ERC-20) FOR DATA ECONOMY.
! PROVIDES A DECENTRALIZED & DISTRIBUTED NOSQL BACKED BY A BLOCKCHAIN.
! SECURE BACKUP OF IOT DATA IS OFFERED VIA SMART CONTRACTS, ENABLING
SHARE OR DATA SELL.
DATUM

! BASED IN AN DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPH (DAG) OF TRANSACTIONS CALLED THE
TANGLE.
! INCLUDES A CRYPTOCOIN DEVELOPED FOR MICRO TRANSACTIONS IN REAL TIME,
WHICH SATISFIES IOT EXPONENTIAL DEMANDS.
baseada em um grafo acíclico dirigido (DAG) de transações, chamado TANGLE;
uma criptomoeda desenvolvida para micro transações em tempo real, que satisfaz as
demandas de escalabilidade exponenciais da IoT.
IOTA:
Inatel – Mestrado em Telecomunicações – TP525 Redes Convergentes
IOTA
2
2
3
Tip
Tip
Tip
Tempo
Tangle
2
3
4
3
2
TipTip
Tip
Tip
Tangle
Tempo

IOTA
IOTA:

!AIMS AT CREATING A THING’S ECONOMY IN WHICH DATA IS MONETIZED.
IOTA
Aplicações:
Economia das Coisas
Estação para carregamento de mini
carro elétrico (Tesla) que aceita
pagamento em IOTA.
https://blog.iota.org/worlds-first-iota-smart-
charging-station-52f9024db788
Máquina de distribuição de cargas,
onde o caminhão do cliente recebe
a carga pagando em tempo real
com IOTA.
Software de moni
ambiente industri
rede Tangle.
https://medium.com/@chrislaive/iota-a-first-real-
world-use-case-demonstrated-in-peru-
321275789b2c
https://youtu.be/k0E69m
Mestrado em Telecomunicações – TP525 Redes Convergentes
Aplicações:
Economia das Coisas
Estação para carregamento de mini
carro elétrico (Tesla) que aceita
pagamento em IOTA.
https://blog.iota.org/worlds-first-iota-smart-
charging-station-52f9024db788
com IOTA.
Software de monitorame
ambiente industrial utili
rede Tangle.
321275789b2c
https://youtu.be/k0E69m57gAk
Aplicações:
Economia das Coisas
ão para carregamento de mini
elétrico (Tesla) que aceita
mento em IOTA.
blog.iota.org/worlds-first-iota-smart-
ng-station-52f9024db788
com IOTA.
Software de monitoramento do
ambiente industrial utilizando a
rede Tangle.
321275789b2c
https://youtu.be/k0E69m57gAk
IOTA:

!DATA MARKET
IOTA
https://data.iota.org/#/
IOTA:

•AI “CAN EXPLAIN” HOW CERTAIN DECISIONS WERE MADE BY RELATING
THEM TO BLOCKCHAIN REGISTRATIONS.
•RELIABLE/PRIVATE DATA MARKETPLACE FOR AI TRAINING.
•EMERGENCE OF BLOCKCHAIN-BASED MODEL AND AI MARKETPLACE, E.G.
SINGULARITYNET.
•APPLYING SMART CONTRACTS TO LIMIT AI SELF-IMPROVING, I.E.
BLOCKCHAIN-BASED AI SECURITY.
COMBINING BLOCKCHAIN & IA
https://medium.com/@Francesco_AI/the-convergence-of-ai-and-blockchain-whats-the-deal-60c618e3accc

COMBINING BLOCKCHAIN & IA
https://medium.com/@Francesco_AI/the-convergence-of-ai-and-blockchain-whats-the-deal-60c618e3accc
the type of impact/application certain groups of companies are having in
the industry, but in this case is extremely diVcult given the low number
of data points so I will simply categorize them as follows:
Decentralized Intelligence: TraneAI (training AI in a decentralized
way); Neureal (peer-to-peer AI supercomputing); SingularityNET
(AI marketplace); Neuromation (synthetic datasets generation and
algorithm training platform); AI Blockchain (multi-application in-
telligence); BurstIQ (healthcare data marketplace); AtMatrix (de-
centralized bots); OpenMined project (data marketplace to train
machine learning locally); Synapse.ai (data and AI marketplace);
Dopamine.ai (B2B AI monetization platform); ELect.ai (decentral-
ized AI workforce and services marketplace);
Conversational Platform: Green Running (home energy virtual
assistant); Talla (chatbot); doc.ai (quantiEed biology and health-
care insights);
•
•

•SINGULARITYNET IS AN ETHEREUM-BASED PROPOSAL FOR
DISTRIBUTED AI.
•ENABLES ANYONE TO CREATE, SHARE, AND MONETIZE AI
SERVICES GLOBALLY.
SINGULARITYNET
https://public.singularitynet.io/whitepaper.pdf
Figure 1: Hanson humanoid robots, created by Sin
partner Hanson Robotics, will be early targets for emb
mentation of SingularityNET Agents.
1 Vision

•ALLOWS AN AI MODEL TO BE MANAGED BY MULTIPLE PARTIES
AND TRAINED BY PRIVATE, DISTRIBUTED DATASETS.
•A PAYMENT IS ESTABLISHED FOR THOSE THAT CAN
SUCCESSFULLY TRAIN AN AI MODEL SPECIFIED IN TENSORFLOW,
FOR EXAMPLE.
•THE AI MODEL IS ENCRYPTED AND SHARED IN A PEER-TO-PEER
NETWORK OF DATA OWNERS AND DATA SCIENTISTS WHO CAN
COLLECTIVELY TRAIN AI MODELS USING SYFT LIBRARY.
OPENMINED

• DATA OWNERS TRAIN AI MODELS LOCALLY IN THEIR DEVICES
AND ANONYMOUSLY UPDATE THE MODEL TO THE CONTRACTOR.
•THE REWARD IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE IMPROVEMENT
ACHIEVED ACCORDING TO A FITNESS CRITERIA.
•THE MODEL IS DECRYPTED ONLY BY THE HOLDER OF THE PRIVATE
KEY (CONTRACTOR).
•NEITHER THE CONTRACTOR HAS ACCESS TO THE DATA USED TO
TRAIN, NOR THE TRAINER HAS ACCESS TO THE AI MODEL.
OPENMINED

Artiﬁcial
Intelligence
Blockchain
(or others)
Internet of
Things
Deterministic Stochastic
Services &
Application
(c) Alberti 2018
Rules, regulations,
objectives.
Perennial
registration of
transactions,
information,
contracts, etc.
Decision
Making
Information
Input
Big Data
Physical world
data
Acting over the
environment
Physical
world data
Reports, queries,
trends.
Humans
Requests
Tasks
done!!
CONVERGENCE OF
DISRUPTIVE TECH

IS IT POSSIBLE TO GO EVEN FURTHER??

User-centric
Self-*, Context
Information-centricService-centric
Software-Deﬁned
Security
Privacy
NamingNam
e
Resolution
Virtualization
Internet of Things
Exposition, Orchestration
Self-Certifying
Life-Cycling
ProtocolDevelopment
Mobility
ID/LocSplitting
M
ngt. and
Control
Design Space
(2015)

Smart Convergent Information Architecture
Physical World
Self-Organizing
Physical World Representatives
People
Policies, Rules, Regulations, etc.
Self-Organizing
Orchestrators, Controllers, Managers, etc.
Evolutionary
Pressures
Environmental
Pressures
The Essence of NovaGenesis Model
(c) Antonio Alberti 2015,
Inatel - All rights reserved.

Prototype
LIVE DEMO @
SAO PAULO
CAMPUS PARTY
JAN. 2015
SCALABILITY@
INATEL
AUG. 2015
FIRST TEST@
GENI
SEPT. 2015

Sensing Cell
Controller
Sensing Information
Storage and Analysis
Sensing Cell
Sensing Cell
Controller
Sensing Cell
Sensing Cell
Controller
Sensing Cell
TCP/IP
Internet
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
...
... Radio M2 Internet
Radio M1
IoT Network
Boundary
Sensing Cell
Boundary
Border
Router
Sensing Cell SC1
Sensing Cell SC2
Mint
SCC1
SCC2
SISA
Interferer
Range
Interferer
(a) (b)
Figure 1: Cognitive Radio blocks in the context of IoT.
2.2.1. Sensing Cell (SC)
The RF spectrum may be sensed by more than one sensing
cell (SC), which includes a RF receiver, an antenna and a com-
putational processing board. The SC hardware is constructed
be sent to SISA. The SCC runs on standard desktop computer
and all energy detection algorithm is performed by applying
previously-developed GNU Radio framework [30], which is a
free software tool that provides a set of processing blocks with
CRIoTNG

Cognitive Radio in the Context of IoT using a Novel Future Internet
Architecture Called NovaGenesis
i
j
j
k
k
l
l
m
Figure 10: Example of two applications in a simple link scenario.
TCP/IP
Ethernet
SCC IO
TCP/IP
SC
PUSH/
PULL IA DAO
Ethernet
SISA DB
CLIENT/SERVER CLIENT/SERVER
EthernetEthernet
PUSH/PULL
Figure 11: Stack for cooperative spectrum sensing based on TCP/IP and
ZeroMQ (ZMQ) push/pull.
Naming: Content and services are accessed using their self-
verifying names (SVNes). Message forwarding/routing also
employs SVNes. In contrast, ZMQ and TCP/IP only allows
structured natural language names, which do not have the in-
trinsic security characteristics of SVNes [21].
Name Resolution: In current Internet it is provided by DNS.
In NovaGenesis, the NRS does a similar role, but using pub/sub
of domain name records.
Limited Service-Orientation: In ZMQ/Internet, the
service-oriented design (SOD) is employed only on the WWW,
while in NovaGenesis it is for all services, including network-
ing ones.
Life-cycling: It encompasses the dynamic composition of
services and their contents. In the Internet architecture it is
present only at WWW. In NovaGenesis, life-cycling is intrin-
sic to any entity: content, services, operating systems, hosts,
etc. The same pattern happens for contract-based operation.
Deployment in Hosts: Internet protocols are implemented at
the core of operating systems. NovaGenesis protocols in hosts
are implemented as services that follow SOD paradigm.
3.6. Next Steps and Open Challenges
We plan to implement the complete Figure 1 scenario in
NovaGenesis, with the aim of extending NG services to con-
trol Wi-Fi access points based on RMS decisions. In addition,
we have already applied NovaGenesis implementation for SDN
[45]. We are also extending our name resolution service to hi-
erarchical domains, as an alternative to DNS. We have already
9
command lines to non NG conﬁgurations, e.g. JSON; and for
(ii) interconnection of TCP/IP and NG stacks, as illustrated in
Figure 4. Messages coming from the SCC are encapsulated
over TCP/IP using ZeroMQ2
(ZMQ) push/pull sockets [41] and
delivered to the SSS. Inside NovaGenesis, the SSS changes to
publish/subscribe (pub/sub) model instead of ZMQ’s push/pull,
publishing and subscribing name bindings and information ob-
jects (like SLAs or spectrum samples) to/from name resolution
service (NRS3
).
NG
Ethernet
SCC SSS
PUB/SUB
PGCS
NG
Ethernet
PGCSNRS RMS
TCP/IP
SC
EthernetEthernet
CLIENT/SERVER PUSH/
PULL
Figure 4: Stack for NovaGenesis interoperability with SCC. SSS provides the
interconnection between TCP/IP and NG stacks. SCC sends spectrum samples
to SSS using ZMQ. Inside NG, the communication model is pub/sub.
2ZeroMQ is a library for asynchronous exchanging of messages. In the
push/pull communication model, a push socket distributes a message to one or
more pull sockets, which read the message delivered over TCP/IP.
3NRS is a short term for the set PSS, GIRS and HTS.
SCC
tion
conﬁ
set
spect
ters t
the s
samp
da
from
{
"
}
"
}
"
}
}
7
CRIoTNG

Figure 19: Fragment of a NovaGenesis message transporting a spectrum sample
directly over Ethernet.
Figure 20: Spectrum sensing output obtained using NovaGenesis as transport
network instead of TCP/IP.
Amostras((
transportadas((
sem(TCP/IP,((
Somente(NG((
sobre(Ethernet(
TCP/IP NGTCP/IP
SCC SSS PGCS
NG
PGCSHTS GIRS PSS RMS
SCC - Sensing Cell Controller
SSS - Spectrum Sensing Service
HTS - Hash Table Service
GIRS - Generic Indirection Resolution Service
PSS - Publish/Subscribe Service
PGCS - Proxy/Gateway/Controller Service
RMS - Resource Management Service
LEGEND:
Figure 14: Experimental scenario for the interoperability test of collaborative spectrum sensing with NovaGenesis.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s ... > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 342DD4C5 B8101939 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 449B0B0C 6FDF0A76 > ]
...
ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 19656CF3 > < 1 s 342DD4C5 > ]
ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > < 1 s 19656CF3 > < 1 s Wi-Fi > ]
...
ng -message --type 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > ]
ng -message --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 28 > ]
ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 78A8DC70 > ]
Figure 15: Exposition of SSS keywords and self-verifying names.
Serviços)desenvolvidos)para)o)protó1po.)
Cognitive Radio in the Context of IoT using a Novel Future Internet
Architecture Called NovaGenesis
Services developed for prototype
Spectrum
sensing
samples
transported
over NG/
Ethernet
CRIoTNG

Nó#de#Internet#das#coisas##
medindo#temperatura#da#sala#
Amostras##
de#temperatura#
transportadas#
sem#TCP/IP,##
somente#NG##
sobre#Wi<Fi#
Fig. 8. Experimental scenario with: (i) NovaGenesis core services and IoT client application in the left; (ii) the NovaGen
embedded proxy/gateway (EPGS) on NXP’s LPC1769 device in the middle; and (iii) a computer with LPCXpressoTM
to com
and deploy the EPGS (plus EventOSTM
) image on LPC.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 7E764DC1 4D623F20 > < 4 s empty empty empty empty > ]
ng -hello --ihc 0.2 [ < 6 s A4324A2D AB9B70B4 57ECEB4F Wi-Fi wlan0 ac:22:0b:c9:df:3b > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED1
8E8B52EC 7EA46815 > ]
ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 1A81A5E3 > ]
Fig. 9. A “hello” message sent by the PGCS to the EPGS.
Future Internet of “Things”: The NovaGenesis Model
Temperature
samples
transported
over NG/Wi-Fi
Internet of things node
with embedded NG
FIoT

THE CONVERGENCE OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IS ON ITS INFANCY.
NOVAGENESIS ADDRESSES SEVERAL LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT
ARCHITECTURES, BUT IT IS LIMITED REGARDING AI & BLOCKCHAIN.
NOVEL CONVERGENT/ESSENTIAL ARCHITECTURE ARE REQUIRED.
FINAL REMARKS

REQUIREMENTS FROM DISTRIBUTED LEDGER, KNOWLEDGE
REPRESENTATION, SECURITY AND PRIVACY SHOULD MIGRATE FROM
THE WEB TO THE CORE OF THE INTERNET.
ALTERNATIVE ARCHITECTURES SHOULD COEXIST WITH TCP/IP WITHOUT
LOSING WHAT THE INTERNET IS FOR HUMANITY.
FINAL REMARKS
TCP/IP
WEB
TODAY
Future
Internet 1
New Web
FUTURE
Future
Internet 2
Future
Internet N

© Antônio M. Alberti 2015© Antônio M. Alberti 2014
Obrigado!
감사합니다
WWW.INATEL.BR/
NOVAGENESIS
WWW.INATEL.BR/
ICTLAB
Antonio M. Alberti, Professor & Researcher

CONVERGENCE OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: FROM IOT TO AI AND BLOCKCHAIN PASSING BY FUTURE INTERNET

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