The document discusses the use of prizes to incentivize innovation in addressing medical problems. It describes how smaller preliminary prizes can be combined with larger prizes for successful solutions. It also discusses how expertise in a field can sometimes hinder innovation, as people outside the area may see the problem differently. The document advocates for using prize funds rather than patents to reward drug development, in order to make medications more affordable and accessible. It presents Senator Bernie Sanders' proposal for a large Medical Innovation Prize Fund to replace drug companies' monopoly control over new drugs.

1. MGT/411
INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE BUSINESS THINKING
Prizes with an Eye Toward the Future
This is an old but still in use idea to get people to innovate. The
idea is tom offer money, or some king of compensation to solve
problems. Another model combines smaller prizes for promising
ideas with big prizes for success. The Gates foundation offers a
$100,000 grant for help in solving help problems.
There is now marketplace where hundreds of companies post
problems and a reward amount, and 250,000 solvers around the
world get to work. A study also found that expertise in the field
of the problem actually hurt a solver’s chances. “The further the
problem from the solver’s expertise, the more likely they are to
solve it.”

2. For innovators there is a rare tend in medicine because if the
condition being researched is rare, there will be little money for
research and less money for the innovators to find a cure. There
will be less money to solve problems for rare conditions. This is
a problem that needs to be solved.
Another item happens in the patent system. Monopoly control
can limit access to a new product. Especially when an
innovation is in the public interest, it’s counterproductive to
encourage the patent holder to price it out of range of most
users.
Rosemberg, T. (2012). Prizes with an eye toward the
future. Retrieved from Rosemberg "Prizes can help, as they
reward innovation without monopoly control. The World
Health Organization is currently studying the use of prizes to
stimulate medical discovery. In the United States, the idea’s
champion is the quixotic Senator Bernard Sanders of Vermont.
One of Sanders’ proposal would create a Medical Innovation
Prize Fund, which would offer more than $80 billion a year in
prizes to drugs that are approved by the Food and Drug
Administration, a far bigger pot for drug makers than in
previous discussions of the idea. The prize would replace the
monopoly control that currently rewards pharmaceutical
companies generic competition would begin immediately.
Sanders claims the fund would create $250 billion in savings
annually by bringing down drug prices”.
Change Management 101: How Businesses Win With Innovation
Companies need to successfully address and adapt to strategic
innovation requires implementing a culture of participation, not
necessarily the type of culture built into most Industrial Age
organizations. It is key to remember that executives, managers
and front line employees infrequently have worry noticing
evolving innovations. More often, troubles mount their ability
to effectively converse these opportunities and challenges to
higher management, and obtain the organizational buy-in
needed to rapidly and concisely respond to these potential
threats.

3. Decision makers need to make decisions, even if they don't have
correct information. Even the utmost successful organizations
and managers in the world are seldom 100 percent sure how
results will play out, and occasionally, they're even aware that
first efforts may well be catastrophic.
For business leader, to succeed, it is important to reason of
change management as a constant, not infrequent, activity that
should be ingrained in any enterprise from day one.
Leaders have to give themselves permission to speak up and
allow others within the organization authorization to do so.
Don't allow employees to keep quiet, or keep their heads down,
inspire the contributions and insights. And when all's said and
done with an initiative, don't worry if it isn't perfect, instead,
ship your product or venture and see what happens, iterating as
you go.
The Prize Fund for HIV/AIDS
According to the World Health Organization, there are more
than 33 million persons living with HIV worldwide. Globally,
the frequency of new infections is estimated to be about 7
thousand persons per day, or 2.5 million per year. More than 90
percent of persons who are HIV+ live in emerging countries.
Governments must to address the rising prices of AIDS cure.
The United States is now spending on average more than $9
thousand yearly on antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for each of the 1
million people active with HIV in the United States, a number
that would be far greater if a larger percentage of persons living
with HIV were receiving treatment or taking innovative drugs.
The challenges of dealing with drug opposition, new
contaminations, extraordinary prices and aggressive price
upsurges, have together added to a main crisis in terms of
access and the sustainability of access to new drugs for
HIV/AIDS. This crisis affects more than a million people in the
United States and tens of millions of people worldwide. It is

4. essential to search new ways of successfully dealing with the
extraordinary cost of new drugs, while ensuring vigorous
innovation for new treatments.
The prizes for innovation would be deliver by the new Prize
Fund for HIV/AIDS that would be funded at 0.0002 of the gross
domestic product of the United States, an quantity equal to more
than $3 billion per year at current levels of GDP.
First, the legislation eliminates all legal monopolies on the sale
of eligible products for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, making it
possible to buy low-priced generic versions from competitive
providers. Competition is anticipated to lower the cost of drugs
by more than $7 billion per year for the U.S. domestic market,
with the saving shared by health insurers and patients.
Internal processes have to be in place to get the company to the
next level. Most of these processes rely on grants and money to
get innovators to come up with ideas to resolve trending
problems. These innovators have solve big company problems
with less money and with better results because they get paid
only if the problem is solved.
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/29/prizes-with-
an-eye-toward-the-future/
http://keionline.org/prizes/cites
Assessment #2 - Written Report
Work based Report
Assessment Two - Report 40 MARKS
Individual work, no collaboration.
Objectives
· On completion of this assessment students should be able to:
· demonstrate the ability to apply contemporary methods and

5. concepts in the identification of hazards and assessment of risk,
· demonstrate the ability to apply appropriate control measures
and management activities to eliminate or minimise hazards,
· identify legal obligations in work health and safety,
· demonstrate research and report writing skills.
General Report requirements
Assessment Two is designed to provide you with the
opportunity to inquire into a work health and safety problem in-
depth. The focus for this assessment will be on hazards that
could occur in a potential emergency in the workplace of your
choice. You have a choice of which workplace you focus on but
ideally it should be an organisation that you have had some
personal experience in. If you do not have access to a workplace
you should choose an organisation that you have some
knowledge of (e.g. school, university, hospital). You must
identify how you sourced information to complete this report.
Your assignment will be a practically focused detailed report
which investigates and provides recommendations in an
organisation of your choice. You should assume the role of an
WHS consultant when completing the report. You should report
your findings to a senior person within that organisation.
You should seek permission of the organisation if you intend to
interview, survey or undertake questionnaires of the
organisation’s staff. Your report will be kept confidential. Your
tutor (internal students) or course coordinator (external
students) will be happy to provide written confirmation of
confidentiality should the organisation require it. You should
not identify the organisation by name - the use of a pseudonym
is suggested.

6. Word length - it will be 2500 words in length and structured
with headings and sub-headings to make it easy to read.
Penalties apply for assignments 10% over or under the word
limit. Word limit count commences, and includes, the Executive
Summary.
You should review report formatting examples and provide your
report using a suitable format. Marks are awarded for suitable
formatting.
References - it will draw upon 10 references and include text
books, journal articles, government websites, case law and
legislation.
Specific Report requirements
Your report must include the following:
Method 5 marks
Provide a detailed description of the methods you used to gain
information for this report including any limitations of these
methods. Remember this is a practical report and you need to
tell the reader what methods (including research) you actually
used that assisted you. You may wish to consider including
checklists (e.g. from relevant Codes of Practice) surveys or
questionnaires as marks will be awarded for breadth of methods
as well as your description and understanding of the suitability
of your methods. You should ensure you identify suitable
methods for the hazards you identified.
Identify, describe and assess hazards 5 marks
Describe the worksite and identify and provide a detailed
description of two hazards that could impact upon work health
and safety in that worksite. Ensure you explain who may be
impacted and the cause(s) of these hazards. You should be very

7. specific and provide a detailed explanation of the
cause(s). Depending on the nature of the hazard you
should refer to research that confirms why the causes create a
hazard.
Assess the risk for the hazards you identify using a risk
assessment matrix. Ensure you provide a copy of your risk
assessment matrix in your report.
Recommendations for Control/management of hazards 20 marks
Make recommendations based on the “hierarchy of control” and
“as low as reasonably practical”.
Create a risk register detailing your recommendations.
Legal implications 5 marks
Outline and explain the relevant legislation (Act, Regulations
and Codes) that applies for the two hazards you have identified.
Written Presentation 5 marks
The report should be presented as a professional document
addressed to someone senior within the organisation, and
include a title page, acknowledgments, brief summary of
findings (executive summary), contents page, body of report
(including suitable headings and sub-headings), conclusion and
appendices (if appropriate). You should review report writing
protocols. Any appendices should be specifically relevant to
your report. Assignments which do not address all of the report
requirements will automatically receive 0 for presentation.
Note your assignment should be practically focused and you
should assume the role of a WHS consultant.
Appendices necessary to support the report will not be included
in the word count although care should be taken not to include
unnecessary appendices as this detracts from overall
presentation. Word limit commences and includes the
Executive summary but does not include references, risk

8. assessment tables or documents that are in the appendices, but
prepared by others.
Feedback on this assignment will be provided on the Feedback
Form, you should review that form to ensure you have complied
with all the report requirements.
(rough sample
Contents page for WHS report this is a guide only)
Title page (on front of report, suitable title, prepared for,
prepared by, date, single page)
Itemise each part of the report and use page numbers on the
right hand side
Acknowledgements (acknowledge whoever helped you-
brief)(single page)
WORD LIMIIT STARTS HERE (includes exec sum)
Executive Summary (about2/3 paragraphs on what you did,
what you found you’re your recommendations- sufficient for a
busy executive to understand your whole report)(single page)
CONTENTS

9. Page number?
1. Introduction (introduce the organization and purpose of this
report)
2. Methods
(brief description of information and methods YOU used to
write the report and id hazards- in some cases you might want
to explain why not all methods used these should be well
incorporated into your report)
3. Hazards Identified (descriptions of the hazards, how they
occur, who they impact upon, detail causes, include a risk
assessment and use of suitable risk assessment matrix)
3.1 Hazard one-eg: Fall from height
3.2Hazard two- eg: Hit by moving machinery
4. Recommendations for control (Discussion about most suitable
controls ALARP Risk registerthis will summarise in table form
your hazards control measures using the hierarchy of controls)
5. Legal Implications (Act, and relevant Regs and Codes- the
more specific to the hazard the better)
6. Conclusion- Summarise
References
Appendices (checklists, surveys, interviews etc for your

10. methods, risk assessment matrix etc for risk assessment)
(note italics comments should not be included they are for
information only
also note that a -Title page, acknowledgements, exec summary,
and contents page are all required on SEPARATE pages-
presentation is important- remember this is a professional report
produced with the owner of the company in mind)